Panel Board From Coconut Fibre And Pet Bottle

The rate of global deforestation and its impact on the environment has led particle board manufacture to search for alternative feedstock, especially in countries where wood is less available compared to other cellulosic natural product. Based on the properties of coconut fibre and PET bottle, these two materials can be recycle as raw material for manufacture of panel board. As for this study, the coconut fibre were used as the filler and PET bottle as outer lining of the panel board. Two types of coconut fibre were used which are grinding and un-grinding coconut fibre. At first, the coconut fibre are undergoes softening, grinding, drying and sieving process, while PET bottle was cleaning, shredding, sieving before compacted using hydraulic hot press machine. There are four types of testing that been carried out which are swelling, water absorption, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). The result show the conventional board has the highest value for MOE test, so it’s indicate that the conventional board is less strength from the coconut fibre board. As for water absorption test, the average water absorption of coconut fibre based panel board is less than conventional board. Overall, the coconut fibre board is better than conventional panel board because coconut fibre board are less swelling, has low water absorption, high modulus of rupture and low modulus of elasticity. Based on the finding, this coconut fibre panel board has potential as a stronger and long-lasting panel board than the conventional board in the market. Other than that, the panel also have their own aesthetic value since the recycled plastic bottle used as outer lining is colourful and giving aesthetic value.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of particleboard manufactured from bamboo shoot sheaths

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018703011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 187 ◽

pp. 03011

Author(s):

Surat Srichan ◽

Werasak Raongjant

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Single Layer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Bamboo Shoot ◽

Board Density

This study emphasizes on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of single-layer particleboard manufactured from bamboo shoot sheaths. Particleboards were produced through the hot-pressed process and glued together by Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) adhesive. This is in order for producing specified densities of boards as 400-kg, 600-kg, and 800-kg per m3. The raw material was sieved into four sizes: No.1-No.4 mesh. The particleboards were used to find board density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture in bending, and internal bonding according to the JIS standard. Coefficients of thermal conductivity (k) of boards were discovered by a heat flow meter in steady-state conditions. The results showed that the particleboard performed outstandingly in terms of tensile strength perpendicular to the surface (internal bonding) and low thermal conductivity. However, there were some weaknesses found from their characteristics that were high water absorption and thickness of swelling, low modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture comparing to standard criteria. The results also indicated that bamboo shoot sheaths, the agricultural residue, can be produced as particleboard, and are appropriate for an indoor heat insulator, but further investigation is required to improve the strength and durability of the particleboard.

Download Full-text

Soybean waste in particleboard production

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542018422015817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽

Alan Pereira Vilela ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

Lourival Marin Mendes ◽

Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

High Yield ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

Download Full-text

Effect of Particle Size on Some Properties of Rice Husk Particleboard

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.43 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18-19 ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J.O. Osarenmwinda ◽

J.C. Nwachukwu

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Elasticity Modulus ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Effect Of Particle Size

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, and Internal Bond) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of rice husk particleboard. The particle sizes used were 1.0mm, 1.18mm, 2mm, 2.36mm and 2.80mm. Each was mixed with a constant resin (urea formaldehyde) concentration of 20% of oven dry weight of rice husk particles. The results showed that as the particle size increased, the particleboard’s mechanical and physical properties decreased. For example, the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, thickness swelling and water absorption for 1.0mm particle size particleboard were 1590N/mm2, 11.11N/mm2, 0.28N/mm2,10.90% and 38.53% respectively, while for 2.8mm particle size they were 1958N/mm2,14.2N/mm2, 0.44N/mm2, 11.51% and 47.21% respectively. Overall results showed that particleboard made from rice husk exceed the EN standard for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond. However, thickness swelling values were poor. Hence, the smaller the particle size the better the properties of the particleboard.

Download Full-text

Properties of Particleboard in Correlation with Mat Weight and Press Factor

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d5226.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 6803-6807

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Tropical Species ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Manufacturing Control ◽

Screw Withdrawal

The influence of resin types on board properties and the correlation to mat weight and press factor on commercial production of particleboard were investigated. These factors could be used as the control mechanism for board making in order to predict final board properties. The resins used in this study were the lower emission resin E0, E1 and EC. Rubberwood and mix tropical species were used as raw material for manufacturing particleboard with thickness of 18mm. This research was done at Mieco Chipboard Bhd. The boards were tested for their mechanical properties which are modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB) and screw withdrawal. Overall, the result shows that board made from E0 resin had better MOE, MOR and IB. Meanwhile the result of screw edge showed that board made from E1 resin is better with the value of 510N. The result also showed high correlation between mat weight and press factor (0.937) and contributed in particleboard manufacturing control

Download Full-text

Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Semen dari Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Board Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fibers)

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v8i2.1966 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Djoko Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Screw Withdrawal ◽

Cement Board

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber were industrial waste that has not been widely used by the community, only stacked and cause odors that interfere with the surrounding environment. This research studied the utilization of OPEFB fiber for cement board products using cement as resin and CaCl2 as accelerator. Laboratory scale cement board made from OPEFB fiber were mixed with cement, and CaCl2. The composition of fiber and cement were 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, and CaCl2 variations were 0%, 1% and 3%. A mixture of fibers, cement and CaCl2 was compressed at the pressure of 4 ton for 24 hours. The cement boards were tested for physical and mechanical properties according to JIS A 5417-1992, and the results were compared to the requirements of the cement board JIS A 5417-1992. Cement board made from fiber and cement composition 1:1.5 and CaCl2 content 3% produced moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, density, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength that met the requirement of JIS A 5417-1992. The composition of fiber and cement and the variations of CaCl2 content produced significant effect on water content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength on cement boards.Keywords : oil palm empty fruit bunches fiber, cement boards, physical and mechanical properties

Download Full-text

The potential of using forest waste as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.7780-7795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 7780-7795

Author(s):

Halil İbrahim Şahin

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Cold Water ◽

Raw Material ◽

Internal Bond Strength ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Forest Waste ◽

Physical Density

Wood particles and a mixture of forest waste were investigated as raw material for the particleboard industry. Urea formaldehyde resin was used as the adhesive in the production of the particleboards. Some chemical (pH, dilute alkali solubility, hot and cold water solubility), physical (density, moisture, thickness swelling, and water absorption), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, and screw holding strength) properties, as well as the contact angle values of the resulting particleboards were determined. Due to its needle litter and cone content, the forest waste exhibited a lower pH value and a higher content of extractive material than wood. Increasing the addition of forest waste led to significant reductions in the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards. The addition of forest waste reduced the internal bond strength the most (56.6%), whereas the least reduction (15.7%) was in the value of screw holding strength perpendicular to the surface. The values of all panels except panel type F exceeded the minimum modulus of elasticity (1600 N mm-2) required for furniture production according to the EN 312-P2 standard. Results of the analyses showed that forest waste (10% and 20%) is a suitable renewable raw material source for panel production.

Download Full-text

Properties of orchard pruning and suitability for composite production

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2012-0033 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 337-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Halil Turgut Sahin ◽

Mustafa Burak Arslan

Keyword(s):

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

General Purpose ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Surface Strength ◽

Board Type

AbstractApple and cherry pruning with red pinewood particles in various proportions were used as the raw material for the experimental particleboard manufacturing in laboratory conditions. The results showed that there were no considerable differences in the main chemical constituents of carbohydrate and lignin content, although there were some differences found for extractives that are considerably higher for both cherry and apple pruning. The mean modulus of rupture values of boards were found to ranged from 12.4 to 18.48 MPa. These indicated that all the boards, except for the board type F (prepared from 100% apple pruning), met the minimum bending strength required in standard for general-purpose particleboards. The modulus of elasticity and internal bond of the experimental particleboards usually decreased as red pinewood particle content decreases in proportion. However, all the boards produced in this study met the minimum modulus of elasticity, internal bond, and surface strength required in standard for general-purpose particleboards. However, the thickness swelling for 24 h was considerably higher than the required in standard value of 14% for all boards.

Download Full-text

Effect of Ozone Treatment on Properties of Screw Pressed and Non-Screw Pressed Empty Fruit Bunch Medium Density Particleboard

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1134.116 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1134 ◽

pp. 116-122

Author(s):

Roslan Ali ◽

Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib ◽

Kamal Wok ◽

Shawaluddin Tahiruddin ◽

Mohd Amrin Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Medium Density ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Thickness Swelling

This study was done to investigate the effects of ozone treatment as a method to improve the properties of empty fruit bunch (EFB) medium density particleboard. Two types of EFB were used in this study i.e. screw pressed and non-screw pressed empty fruit bunch. These EFB were treated in an ozone chamber for 8 hours prior to particleboard manufacturing. The mechanical properties, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Internal Bonding (IB) and physical properties, water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS) of EFB particleboard were determined. The results showed that the ozone treatment could increase the MOR and IB values of EFB particleboard, but had no significant effect on MOE values. For physical properties, the values showed no improvement for TS and WA. The panels manufactured using ozone treatment was found suitable for applications for furniture products.

Download Full-text

Binderless Particleboard from Steam Exploded Wheat Straw

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.807 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 179-180 ◽

pp. 807-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peng Luo ◽

Chuan Min Yang

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Residence Time ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Pretreatment Condition ◽

Pretreatment Severity ◽

Pretreated Wheat Straw

Wheat straw is one of the most abundant and cheap lignocellulosic waste materials in the world. Nowadays, ﬁeld burning is the major practice for removing wheat straw due to lack of effective utilization, but it increases the air pollution and consequently affects public health. Wheat straw is an attractive lignocellulosic raw material for binderless particleboard production. In this study, steam explosion was adopted as pretreatment method for wheat straw. The pretreated wheat straw was used to produce binderless particleboard panels. The inﬂuence of both pretreatment temperature and residence time on chemical composition of wheat straw, and modulus of rupture, internal bond and water absorption of panel boards was investigated. The results showed that defiberation of wheat straw raw material occurred during steam explosion pretreatment. The modulus of rupture and internal bond increased while water absorption of panels decreased as pretreatment severity increased. The optimum pretreatment condition, with 19.8 MPa of modulus of rupture, 0.2572 MPa internal bond and 61.5% of water absorption of panels, occurred under 170°C temperature and 10 minute residence time.

Download Full-text

Use of Hardwood Species (Robinia pseudoaccacia from Short-rotation Plantations as Raw Material in Particleboards

Journal of Materials Science Research ◽

10.5539/jmsr.v9n2p18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

J. Lawrence Tene Tayo ◽

Achale Travolta Achale ◽

Markus Euring

Keyword(s):

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Black Locust ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Swelling Properties ◽

Short Rotation

The problem of climate change, coupled to the propagation of wood diseases (bark beetles for example), is leading to a shortage in softwood supply for the particleboard industries. Furthermore, the recent changes in the German forest policies which promote the conversion of coniferous forest into mixed stands are likely to enhance this phenomenon. There is, therefore, a growing need for research on possibilities of substituting the softwood with hardwood and other alternative material. For the first time, young six to seven years old Black locust (Robinia pseudoaccacia) stems from a short-rotation plantation were used at a laboratory scale with the objective of assessing the suitability of particleboard production. Four different variants were produced using different resin types: UF K350, UF K340, albumin, and PMDI, with a target density and thickness of 650 kg/m3 and 20 mm respectively for each board. The boards were tested regarding their mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding), physical (water absorption and thickness swelling) properties according to the European standard (EN 310, EN 317 and EN 319), and their formaldehyde content and emission following the EN 120 and EN 717. Industrial particles were used as reference material for the purpose of comparison. Promising bending strength was obtained with UF resins-bonded boards. The modulus of elasticity of all four variants fulfilled the EN 2003 requirements. The internal bond of the UF resins-bonded boards also met the general product standard, with values above 0.35 N/mm2. The bending strength and the internal bonding strength properties of the UF-bonded boards were superior to that of the reference boards produced with the industrial particles. Based on these results, black locust is a potential substitute for softwood in particleboard production and can be used in the industry as alternative raw material for panel production.

Download Full-text