In Situ Measurement of Localized Current Distribution in H2-Br2 Redox Flow Batteries

Hydrogen bromine redox flow batteries (RFB) are considered to be one of the most promising storage alternatives, as this technology offers both high energy and high-power density. In this work a printed circuit board type of segmented current collector for the measurement of locally resolved current density was developed. This analytical tool was inserted as hydrogen anode current collector in a hydrogen-bromine test cell. Charging and discharging operation was monitored under different stoichiometric flow conditions and the impact on current distribution is presented. This technique offers the possibility to prove cell limiting conditions with spatial resolution, improving our understanding and determining optimal operating conditions for a given design.

Experimental Study on the Influencing Factors of Treatment of Landfill Sludge Using Vacuum Preloading with the Fenton Reagent

At present, there is a lack of necessary technical parameters for sludge vacuum reinforcement. To explore the effects of the drain board type on sludge vacuum reinforcement, the Fenton reagent was used to pretreat the landfill sludge in a sludge landfill area in Shanghai, and then, vacuum preloading contrast tests of different prefabricated vertical drainage types were carried out. During the test, the discharge and settlement of sludge were recorded. After the test, the moisture content, shear strength, and appearance of PVD were measured and analysed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the optimum ratio of H2O2 and Fe2+ is 2 for the landfill sludge; (2) the total displacement and accumulated settlement of the test group with integral prefabricated vertical drainage are 1.7 times and 1.2 times those of the separate prefabricated vertical drainage, respectively; (3) the type of prefabricated vertical drainage has no effect on the distribution of water content and shear strength; and (4) when the sludge is vacuum strengthened, the integral prefabricated vertical drainage should be preferred.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Green Insulation Composites Made from Cannabis and Bark Residues

The objective of this paper was to investigate the technical feasibility of manufacturing low density insulation particleboards that were made from two renewable resources, namely hemp fibers (Cannabis sativa) and pine tree bark, which were bonded with a non-toxic methyl cellulose glue, as a binder. Four types of panels were made, which consisted of varying mixtures of tree bark and hemp fibers (tree bark to hemp fibers percentages of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). An additional set of panels was made, consisting only of bark. The results showed that addition of hemp fibers to furnish improved mechanical properties of boards to reach an acceptable level. The thermal conductivity unfavorably increased as hemp content increased, though all values were still within the acceptable range. Based on cluster analysis, board type 70:30 (with 30% hemp content) produced the highest mechanical properties as well as the optimal thermal conductivity value. It is concluded that low density insulation boards can be successfully produced using these waste raw materials.

Digital Twin-Driven Rapid Customized Design of Board-Type Furniture Production Line

The mass personalization paradigm requires manufacturing enterprises to adapt to market changes quickly to meet customer demands. It also imposes higher requirements for designing intelligent production lines. Based on the digital twin (DT) technology, a rapid customized design method is proposed for developing new board-type furniture production lines. The DT has the characteristics of interactive virtual-reality mapping and fusion. It could provide design guidance and decision-support services in the design phase, yield the engineering analyzing ability to solve coupled problems, and finally generate the authoritative design scheme of the manufacturing system. A production line design platform is developed based on the DT model, which can parallelize the design process and reduce the design cycle. The parallel control between the physical world and digital space is achieved by establishing the DT network and perceiving the status of the physical equipment. Five key enabling technologies are introduced to provide the theoretical fundamentals for implementing the DT-based manufacturing system design approach. A board-type furniture production line is presented as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the method.

Evaluation on the Bond Capacity of the Fire-Protected FRP Bonded to Concrete Under High Temperature

To figure out the change in the reinforcing effect of FRP system used for the retrofit of RC beam when it is exposed to high temperature, it is required to evaluate not only the behavior of the entire beam, but also the bond performance at anchorage zone through a bond test according to the increase of external temperature. Moreover, the study to find various fire-protection methods is necessary to prevent the epoxy from reaching the critical temperature during an exposure to high temperature. In this manner, the fire-resistance performances of externally bonded (EB) FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP to concrete block were evaluated by high-temperature exposure tests after performing a fire-protection on the surface in this paper. Board-type insulation with mortar was considered for the fire-protection of FRP system. After the fire-protection of the FRPs bonded to concrete blocks, an increasing exposure temperature was applied to the specimens with keeping a constant shear bond stress between concrete and the FRP. Based on the result, the temperature when the bond strength of the FRP disappears was evaluated. In addition, a finite element analysis was performed to find a proper method for predicting the temperature variation of the epoxy which is fire-protected with board-type insulation during the increase of external temperature. As a result of the test, despite the same fire-protection, NSM specimens were able to resist 1.54–2.08 times higher temperature than EB specimens. In the design of fire-protection of FRP system with the board-type insulation, it is necessary to consider the transfer from sides as well as the face with FRP. If there is no insulation of FP boards on the sides, the epoxy easily reaches its critical temperature by the heat penetrated to the sides, and increasing the thickness of the FP board alone for the face with FRP does not increase the fire-resistance capacity. As a result of the FE analysis, the temperature variation at epoxy can be predicted using the analytical approach with the proper thermal properties of FP mortar and board.

Mortality from cardiovascular disease in a cohort of Swedish seafarers

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether Swedish seafarers have increased mortality from cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. Methods Register-based longitudinal cohort study of 85,169 Swedish seafarers where all subjects with a minimum of 30 days service registered in the Seafarers’ Register 1985–2013 were included. Mortality from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and total mortality for comparison were analysed by calculating standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mortality was further analysed by gender, duty on board, type of vessel, and over time. Results There was no increase in either mortality from cardiovascular disease or total mortality for seafarers, who had worked solely on passenger ferries. Mortality from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease was increased for male seafarers < 46 years old who had worked on different types of vessels, SMR 1.48 (95% CI 1.06–2.01) and SMR 1.93 (95% CI 1.16–3.02), respectively. Analysing the seafarers by duty showed significantly increased SMRs from coronary heart disease in males aged < 46 of the categories “deck crew” and “engine officer/crew (ever)”. The total mortality for seafarers who had worked on different types of vessels was increased; males SMR 1.05 (95% CI 1.02–1.09) and females SMR 1.17 (95% CI 1.04–1.30), but decreased over time. Conclusions No increased mortality on passenger ferries but younger male seafarers on different types of vessels had increased mortality from cardiovascular disease. Reduction of hazardous occupational exposures onboard is important, such as shift work, stress and noise.

PENGARUH JENIS BAMBU DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK PAPAN SEMEN

Objective of the study was to measure effect of bamboo species and the types of particles to the physical properties of cement board. Type of wood particles used in cement board were sawdust, flake, and mixture of flake and sawdust. Factorial experiment in randomized complete design was applied in the study with two factors such as species of bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper, Backe), (Gigantochloa atter (Hask) Kurz ex Munro) and (Bambussa vertilatta), and type of wood particles (sawdust, flake, and mixture of flake and sawdust). Result of the study indicated that types of wood particles was highly significant effect to the cement board such as density of board in oven dry condition and air dry condition. Combination of species of bamboo and types of wood particles was significant effect to the thickness swelling of the board. Species of bamboo was not significant effect to physical properties of the board.