The Study of Heavy Metals on Sediment Quality of Kuala Perlis Coastal Area

The contamination of heavy metals gives bad implications to the aquatic environment. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the sediment quality by using different contamination indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Each sediment sample was collected at the surface (0-15cm) at 5 locations based on the land use activity; jetty port (A), seaside restaurant (B), roadside area (C), power plant (D) and residential area (E). All samples were undergoes acid digestion and analyzed with AAS. Four elements identified from the sediment samples which are Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were used to calculate the respective indices. Results show that, the highest EF value of Pb which categorized as very severe enrichment was at point E. Meanwhile minor enrichment was detected at point B for Cu while Cr and Zn at point A. Based on Igeo value the sediment quality along Kuala Perlis was in the unpolluted-moderately polluted condition (class 1). As for PLI it shows that the sediment of the coastal area is unpolluted (PLI<1). Therefore, this study revealed that, the main contributor of heavy metals in this area is Pb while the sediment quality of Kuala Perlis was in minor pollution condition.

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Penilaian pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di Teluk Jakarta

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.9.3.16800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 403-410

Author(s):

Edward Edward

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Index Analysis ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation ◽

Total Average

Contamination and pollution of heavy metals in the bottom sediment can pose serious issues to marine organisms and human health. Jakarta Bay which is located adjacent to the capital city of Indonesia is notorious for its pollution problems. The purpose of this research was to assest the contamination levels of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in sea-bottom sediments based on an index analysis approach (contamination factors, geo accumulation index, pollution load index). Sediment samples were collected from 31 stations in Jakarta Bay. Heavy metal concentration was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that an average mercury (Hg) concentration ranged from 0.150 to 0.530 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.362 µg.g-1, Lead (Pb) from 14.870 to 35.650 µg.g-1 with an total average of 21.774 µg.g-1, Cadmium (Cd) 0.110-0.280 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.190 µg.g-1.The average concentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd is still lower than the sediment quality threshold values set by the Office of the State Minister of Environment of Indonesia 2010. The results of the index analysis showed that the average value of contamination factor (CF) are Hg 0.685, Pb 0.558, and Cd 0.380 respectively (low contamination) and geo accumulation index values are Hg 0.237, Pb -1.655, and Cd 0.069 respectively (unpolluted to moderate polluted). Overall, based on the pollution load index value is -0,511 (PLI 1), sediments in these waters are categorized as not yet polluted by Hg, Pb and Cd. This situation is so necessary to be maintained, that in order for the preservation of marine resources will remain.Keywords: Jakarta Bay, sediment, pollution, heavy metals, assessmentABSTRAKKontaminasi dan pencemaran logam berat pada sedimen dasar dapat menimbulkan masalah yang serius bagi biota laut dan kesehatan manusia. Teluk Jakarta yang terletak berdekatan dengan ibu kota Indonesia terkenal karena masalah pencemarannya yang parah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd dalam sedimen dasar laut berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks. Contoh sedimen diambil dari 31 stasiun penelitian di Teluk Jakarta. Kadar logam berat diukur dengan alat Spektrofometer Penyerapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Hg rerata berkisar 0,150-0,530 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,362 µg. g-1, Timbal (Pb) 14,870-35,650 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 21,774 µg. g-1, Kadmium (Cd) 0,110-0,280 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,190 µg.g-1. Kadar rerata Hg, Pb dan Cd masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas kualitas sedimen yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2010. Hasil analisis indeks menunjukkan nilai rerata faktor kontaminasi (CF) berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,685, Pb 0,352 dan Cd 0,380 (kontaminasi rendah) dan nilai indeks geo akumulasi berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,227, Pb 1,098 dan Cd 0,633 (tidak tercemar sampai tercemar sedang). Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran yakni -3.772 (PLI 1), sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori belum tercemar oleh Hg, Pb dan Cd. Keadaan ini perlu dipertahankan, agar kelestarian sumberdaya laut tetap terjaga.Kata kunci: Teluk Jakarta, sedimen, pencemaran, logam berat, penilaian

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Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in the Kolo Creek Water Body in the Niger Delta of Nigeria and Geochemical Factors that Influence their Interactions Using Geo-accumulation Index

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i330290 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Abinotami Williams Ebuete ◽

Andy Etta Bisong ◽

Okereke Chukuma ◽

Lucky E. Ndiwari ◽

Ibim Yarwamara Ebuete

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Body ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geochemical Factors ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

The Kolo Creek is an inland water body in the Niger Delta receiving organic and chemical wastes arising from anthropogenic activities within the catchment area. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the spatial variabilities of heavy metals in surface and sediment and their geochemical factors that influence their presence along the Kolo Creek in 2018 using Geo-accumulation index and pollution load index to extrapolate the level of heavy metal contraction in the two medium. Sediment and Water samples were collected for five (5) months and assessed from eight sampling points (A-h) for seven (7) heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Iron(Fe), Camium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg). All the heavy metals had geo-accumulation indices below zero which indicates no pollution except Fe which had geo-accumulation index in the range 3.327 in surface water and 7.751 in sediment, furthermore, the pollution load index revealed a toxicity of 0.664 times in surface water as against 1.501 times in sediment exceeding the background concentration in the Kolo Creek. Hence, poor ecological ethics and culture should be discouraged to keep the Kolo Creek water under check for safe domestic water use.

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Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from Agh Gel Wetland, Iran

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.10.4.210.10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Soheil Sobhanardakani ◽

◽

Mehrnaz Ghoochian ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Chemical Pollutants ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

The Mean ◽

Geo Accumulation Index

Background: Soil and sediment serve as major reservoir for contaminants as they possess ability to bind various chemicals together. In this study the concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Cr and Cu were analyzed in surface sediments of Agh Gel Wetland in west of Iran. Methods: The sediment samples were taken from 10 stations. The samples were subjected to bulk digestion and chemical partitioning and Cd, Cr and Cu concentrations of the sediments were determined by ICP-OES. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo), Contamination factor (CF) and Pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the magnitude of contaminants in the sediment profile. Results: The mean sediment concentrations (mg kg-1 dry weight) ranged within 0.20-0.29 (Cd), 58-71 (Cr) and 23-36 (Cu). According to the I-geo values, the sediments' qualities are classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted category. According to the CF values, the sediments' qualities are classified as low to moderate contamination. Furthermore, the PLI values indicated that there were no metal pollution exists for all sampling stations. Conclusion: The Agh Gel Wetland is potential to be threatened by chemical pollutants such as agricultural effluent. So to preserve the environment of the Agh Gel Wetland from deterioration, periodically monitoring of the water and sediment qualities is recommended.

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Contamination Evaluation of Heavy Metals in a Sediment Core from the Al-Salam Lagoon, Jeddah Coast, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9080899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 899

Author(s):

Ammar A. Mannaa ◽

Athar Ali Khan ◽

Rabea Haredy ◽

Aaid G. Al-Zubieri

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Sediment Core ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

The Al-Salam Lagoon is one of the recreational sites along the Jeddah coast, showing the environmental impacts of urbanization along the coast. A sediment core (220 cm) was collected from the intertidal zone to evaluate the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) and geochemical indices (contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, and pollution load index). In the organ-ic-rich muddy sediments (0–100 cm), there is a high metals content and a pollution load index of ~3, indicting anthropogenic impacts with high Cu contamination (CF:12) and moderate Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb contamination (CF: <3). The organic matter and heavy metals washed through surface run-off from the land and deposited as urban waste. Down the core, consistent metals concentration, CF, and Igeo trends indicate a common pollutant source and pollution load variations over time. In the sediment section (70–40 cm), a high organic matter, metal concentration, CF, Igeo, and PLI value (≥5) suggest an uncontrolled pollution load. The decreased and stable trends of environmental indicators toward surface sediments suggest measures taken to control the pollution along the Jeddah coast. Below 110 cm, the carbonate-rich sediments have low organic matter and metals, showing an unpolluted depositional environment. The negative geo-accumulation index implies a geogenic source and indicates no anthropogenic impacts as inferred from low (~1.0) CF and PLI.

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DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v5i1.7763 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fasmi Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Marine Organism ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Guideline Values

<p>Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI<1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo<0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo<0), light polluted (0<Igeo<1), and medium pollued (1<Igeo<2). The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values.</p> <p>Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.</p>

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A Study on the Pollution Status of Akata Lake Sediments, Katsina-Ala Benue State, Nigeria

International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation ◽

10.34256/irjmt2153 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Yebpella G.G ◽

Magomya A.M ◽

Hikon B.N ◽

Joshua Y ◽

Gani J

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

World Health ◽

Pollution Status ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Air Intake ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization ◽

Geo Accumulation Index

Heavy metals accumulation in biological system are by inhalation of contaminated air, intake of contaminated food or drinking water has been considered to be an ecological menace to man and other organisms. This study was carried out to ascertain the pollution status of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in sediment of Akata Lake, Katsina- Ala Benue State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected, digested using 30% H2O2 followed by 0.5M HCl and the metal concentrations were determined with Varian AA240 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with Zeeman’s background correction (Varian, New Jersey, USA). The mean level of the heavy metals, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Cr are 31.05, 2.72, 19.22 and 0.88 mg/kg while the concentration of Cr was below the detection limit of the instrument. The values obtained were compared with the established soil and sediment standard by World Health Organization (WHO). The contamination factors value for Zn, Cu and Cd are <1 while that of Pb is >1, hence it shows that the sediment is polluted by lead. The pollution load index (PLI) and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) levels for Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd heavy metals in sample A - E were less than 1 except for Pb which is >1, this show that, the sediment were polluted with Pb.

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Kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen di Perairan Teluk Wawobatu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.3.2.1537 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Edward .

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Analysis Approach ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Gravity Core ◽

Index Analysis

Abstract. Examination of heavy metals content in sediment ofWawobatu Bay Waters, Kendari wasconducted in June2011. Sediment sampleswere collectedusing gravitycoreat 5research stations. Heavymetals content weremeasuredusingAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The purpose of this research wasto examine the heavy metals content in sediment and to predict the quality of sediment based on index analysis approach (geoaccumulation index and pollution load index). The results showed that Pb was rangedfrom 3.704 pp to 21.892 ppm, Cd was 0.784-1,385 ppm, Cu was 3,451-12,193 ppm, and 24.838 ppm, to 69.973 ppm and 37.289 ppm to 72.329 ppm for Zn and Ni, respectively. It is concluded that the content of the theseheavy metals were lower compared to threshold value stated by The Stated Ministry Office for Life Environment 2004 and Ontario sediment Guideline 2008. In general the heavy metals content in Station 4 was higherthanthe other stations. This iscaused by the differences insediment texture in each station, whilestation 4 is situated in estuary and it has a black clayssediment texture. In addition, the content of Ni washigher than the others examined heavy metals.Based on I-geo values that thesediment in this waters is categorized asunpolluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (I-geo<0), and moderate polluted category by Cd (1<I-geo<2). In addition,based on PLI values, sediments of Wawobatu bay was unpolluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd.Keywords: Heavy metals; sediments; Wawobatu Bay; Kendari Abstrak. Pengamatan kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen diPerairanTeluk Wawobatu, Kendari telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2011. Contoh sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan gravity core pada 5 stasiun penelitian. Kandungan logam berat diukur dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen serta memprediksi kualitas sedimen berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks (Indeks geoakumulasi dan Indeks Beban Pencemaran).Hasilnya menunjukkan, kandungan Pb berkisar 3,704-21,892 ppm, Cd 0,784-1,385 ppm, Cu 3,451-12,193 ppm, Zn 24,838-69,973 ppm, dan Ni 37,289-72,329 ppm. Kandungan ke lima logam tersebut masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup 2010 dan baku mutu sedimen Ontario (Ontario Sediment Guideline) 2008. Kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen di Stasiun 4 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Stasiun lainnya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan tekstur sedimen di masing-masing stasiun. Stasiun 4 berada di muara sungai dan mempunyai sedimen dengan tekstur berupa lumpur berwarna hitam.Kandungan logam Ni lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang lain, hal ini menunjukkan adanya masukan sedimen dari Teluk Kendari dan Teluk Lasolo yang terbawa oleh arus, disamping yang berasal dari darat yang masuk melalui aliran sungai. Berdasarkan nilai indeks geoakumulasi (I-geo)sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori tidak tercemar oleh Pb, Cu, Zn, dan Ni (I_geo<0), dan tercemar sedang oleh Cd (1<I_geo<2).Namun berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran (PLI), sedimen di perairan ini belum tercemar oleh logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, dan Ni.

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Sediment Quality of Orashi River at Four Oil Producing Communities of Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i7.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1145-1151

Author(s):

D. Akachukwu ◽

J.C. Nnaji ◽

P. Ojimelukwe ◽

S. Onoja ◽

S. Odo

Keyword(s):

Sediment Quality ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Quality Guidelines ◽

Exchangeable Bases ◽

Hydrocarbon Content ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index

Bed Sediment samples were collected in the Dry Season from Orashi River at three sampling sites each located in Mmahu, Opuoma, Abacheke and Ogwu Aniocha communities. Physicochemical parameters, hydrocarbon and heavy metal (As, Cd, Fe and Pb) concentrations were determined with standard methods. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ranged from 0.11 ±0.03 to 1.91 ±0.25 mg/kg while total hydrocarbon content (THC) and oil and grease had ranges of 0.28 ±0.06-2.98 ±0.19 and 0.69 ±0.09-3.60 ±0.57 mg/kg respectively. The sediment samples were classified as unpolluted in terms of TPH. Mean values for pH had a range of 4.33 ±0.22 - 6.60 ±0.52 while the texture of most samples was sandy. Mean organic carbon contents ranged from 0.58±0.07 to 3.15±0.66 % and mean total nitrogen and total phosphorus had ranges of 0.30±0.00 -2.77±0.46 and 17.34±1.65 - 29.48±1.63 mg/kg respectively. Mean Mg concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the concentrations of other exchangeable bases and mean As concentration had a range of 1.175±0.086-1.291±0.335 mg/kg. Mean Cd concentrations ranged from 0.948±0.072 to 3.120±0.131 mg/kg while mean Fe and Pb concentrations had ranges of 57.324±10.530-159.707±41.192 and 1.300±0.295-7.462±0.861 mg/kg respectively. As and Pb values were lower than the sediment quality guidelines (SQG) but Cd values were higher than the guidelines in all sites. Contamination factors (CFs) for As and Pb indicated low contamination while CFs for Cd indicated moderate to considerable contamination. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values for As and Pb at all sites and that of Cd at one site indicated unpolluted, Igeo values for Cd at all other sites ranged between 0.210 and 1.571 indicating unpolluted to moderately polluted status. Keywords: Sediment, Orashi, hydrocarbons, physicochemical, metals, contamination

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