A Study on the Pollution Status of Akata Lake Sediments, Katsina-Ala Benue State, Nigeria

Heavy metals accumulation in biological system are by inhalation of contaminated air, intake of contaminated food or drinking water has been considered to be an ecological menace to man and other organisms. This study was carried out to ascertain the pollution status of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in sediment of Akata Lake, Katsina- Ala Benue State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected, digested using 30% H2O2 followed by 0.5M HCl and the metal concentrations were determined with Varian AA240 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with Zeeman’s background correction (Varian, New Jersey, USA). The mean level of the heavy metals, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Cr are 31.05, 2.72, 19.22 and 0.88 mg/kg while the concentration of Cr was below the detection limit of the instrument. The values obtained were compared with the established soil and sediment standard by World Health Organization (WHO). The contamination factors value for Zn, Cu and Cd are <1 while that of Pb is >1, hence it shows that the sediment is polluted by lead. The pollution load index (PLI) and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) levels for Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd heavy metals in sample A - E were less than 1 except for Pb which is >1, this show that, the sediment were polluted with Pb.

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Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from Agh Gel Wetland, Iran

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.10.4.210.10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Soheil Sobhanardakani ◽

◽

Mehrnaz Ghoochian ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Chemical Pollutants ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

The Mean ◽

Geo Accumulation Index

Background: Soil and sediment serve as major reservoir for contaminants as they possess ability to bind various chemicals together. In this study the concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Cr and Cu were analyzed in surface sediments of Agh Gel Wetland in west of Iran. Methods: The sediment samples were taken from 10 stations. The samples were subjected to bulk digestion and chemical partitioning and Cd, Cr and Cu concentrations of the sediments were determined by ICP-OES. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo), Contamination factor (CF) and Pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the magnitude of contaminants in the sediment profile. Results: The mean sediment concentrations (mg kg-1 dry weight) ranged within 0.20-0.29 (Cd), 58-71 (Cr) and 23-36 (Cu). According to the I-geo values, the sediments' qualities are classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted category. According to the CF values, the sediments' qualities are classified as low to moderate contamination. Furthermore, the PLI values indicated that there were no metal pollution exists for all sampling stations. Conclusion: The Agh Gel Wetland is potential to be threatened by chemical pollutants such as agricultural effluent. So to preserve the environment of the Agh Gel Wetland from deterioration, periodically monitoring of the water and sediment qualities is recommended.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS EFFLUIENT (CHROMIUM & NICKEL) RELEASED INTO ROMI RIVER, KADUNA STATE: A CASE STUDY

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 704-707

Author(s):

Muhammad Mudassir Usman ◽

Muhammad Nuruddeen Abdulkareem ◽

Abdullahi Muhammad ◽

Kabiru Hamza

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

World Health ◽

Refinery Effluent ◽

Iron Nickel ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

Industrial effluents discharged into the river poses a serious threat to our environment; the research examines the impact of some heavy metals of Kaduna refinery effluent into the Romi River. It asserts the nature of effluent released into the water body and also the impact of effluent on water quality. However the important water quality became relatively slowly as early human could only judge water quality through the physical senses of sight, taste and smell, now a days there is an increase of contamination of natural water bodies by industrial effluents in developing and densely populated countries like Nigeria, because rivers are major means of waste disposal and especially effluents from industries nearby. The data used in this research were generated from direct field measurement of pH, Conductivity, and Turbidity, heavy metal profiles (Chromium & Nickel) from Kaduna Refinery Effluent. The mean concentrations of the metals; chromium, iron, nickel, and zinc with the standard deviation were found to be: < 0.01 ± 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg. This study has shown that the mean concentration of chromium and Nickel found to be lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits while the concentration values of nickel 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg and iron 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg as found to be higher than the WHO, acceptable limits of the metals) obtained at the effluent points and this implicate the industry adjacent to the area as one of the sources of heavy metals in the river.

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Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in the Kolo Creek Water Body in the Niger Delta of Nigeria and Geochemical Factors that Influence their Interactions Using Geo-accumulation Index

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i330290 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Abinotami Williams Ebuete ◽

Andy Etta Bisong ◽

Okereke Chukuma ◽

Lucky E. Ndiwari ◽

Ibim Yarwamara Ebuete

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Body ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geochemical Factors ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

The Kolo Creek is an inland water body in the Niger Delta receiving organic and chemical wastes arising from anthropogenic activities within the catchment area. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the spatial variabilities of heavy metals in surface and sediment and their geochemical factors that influence their presence along the Kolo Creek in 2018 using Geo-accumulation index and pollution load index to extrapolate the level of heavy metal contraction in the two medium. Sediment and Water samples were collected for five (5) months and assessed from eight sampling points (A-h) for seven (7) heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Iron(Fe), Camium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg). All the heavy metals had geo-accumulation indices below zero which indicates no pollution except Fe which had geo-accumulation index in the range 3.327 in surface water and 7.751 in sediment, furthermore, the pollution load index revealed a toxicity of 0.664 times in surface water as against 1.501 times in sediment exceeding the background concentration in the Kolo Creek. Hence, poor ecological ethics and culture should be discouraged to keep the Kolo Creek water under check for safe domestic water use.

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The Study of Heavy Metals on Sediment Quality of Kuala Perlis Coastal Area

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183402018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 02018

Author(s):

A.A. Ahmad Zubir ◽

F.N. Mohd Saad ◽

F.A. Dahalan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Class 1 ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Roadside Area

The contamination of heavy metals gives bad implications to the aquatic environment. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the sediment quality by using different contamination indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Each sediment sample was collected at the surface (0-15cm) at 5 locations based on the land use activity; jetty port (A), seaside restaurant (B), roadside area (C), power plant (D) and residential area (E). All samples were undergoes acid digestion and analyzed with AAS. Four elements identified from the sediment samples which are Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were used to calculate the respective indices. Results show that, the highest EF value of Pb which categorized as very severe enrichment was at point E. Meanwhile minor enrichment was detected at point B for Cu while Cr and Zn at point A. Based on Igeo value the sediment quality along Kuala Perlis was in the unpolluted-moderately polluted condition (class 1). As for PLI it shows that the sediment of the coastal area is unpolluted (PLI<1). Therefore, this study revealed that, the main contributor of heavy metals in this area is Pb while the sediment quality of Kuala Perlis was in minor pollution condition.

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Concentrations of Heavy Metals as Proxies of Marine Pollution along Nellore Coast of South District, Andhra Pradesh

10.5772/intechopen.95275 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Madri Pramod Kumar ◽

Tella Lakshmi Prasad ◽

Kothapalli Nagalakshmi ◽

Nadimikeri Jayaraju ◽

Ballari Lakshmanna

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Marine Pollution ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Icp Oes ◽

Environmental Indices ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Negative Relationships ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Swarnamukhi River

Bottom sediment samples from six stations were sampled in pre monsoon 2016, from the Govindampalli – Durgarajupatnam (GP-DP) coast. Heavy metals viz., Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd analysis was carried out by using ICP-OES, and the average concentrations are as follows Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. Various environmental indices like Factor Analysis (FA), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to the chemical data in order to know the levels of contamination and factors contributing to the pollution. Correlation coefficient results exhibits significant positive and negative relationships among Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd. All the environmental indices suggest that heavy metals were present at higher concentrations and the impacts of anthropogenic activities are crucial that serves as source of heavy metals in the zone. Relatively, maximum number of heavy metals viz., Fe, Ni and Pb were accumulated at the brackish environment i.e., at confluence of Swarnamukhi river (GP-S Station).

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Evaluation of the Pollution Status of River Galma Basin in the Vicinity of Dakace Industrial Layout, Zaria, Nigeria

Social and Natural Sciences Journal ◽

10.12955/snsj.v9i1.667 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Udiba Udiba Ugumanim ◽

Bate Garba Barde ◽

Mahmud Abdullahi ◽

Umar Shitu ◽

Zakariyya Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Lead Level ◽

World Health ◽

Bench Mark ◽

Pollution Status ◽

Us Epa ◽

The Mean ◽

Industrial Layout ◽

Health Organization ◽

Mn Concentrations

Dakace Industrial Layout Zaria habours a number of wet industries, effluents from these industries are discharged through drains and canal that empties into River Galma. The river basin is a booming agricultural area and the river is used for irrigation. A study was conducted at River Galma Basin around Dakace Industrial Layout Zaria to evaluate its heavy metal pollution status. Lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) concentrations were analyzed using Shimadzu atomic absorption spectrophotometer (model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. The range of concentrations (mg/kg) of these metals was Pb (52.77-120.40), Cr (0.56-8.05), Ni (0.17-4.01) and Mn (6.98-22.). The heavy metals concentrations determined were found to be within US EPA, World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) limits for acceptable soil metal concentrations. However, the mean soil lead level was found to be above Dutch Target value (85 mg/kg) which is the bench mark for soil quality. Statistical analysis shows that industrial discharges from Dakace industrial layout have significant influence on the heavy metal profile of the study area. The implications of these findings for public health are fully discussed.

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Penilaian pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di Teluk Jakarta

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.9.3.16800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 403-410

Author(s):

Edward Edward

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Index Analysis ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation ◽

Total Average

Contamination and pollution of heavy metals in the bottom sediment can pose serious issues to marine organisms and human health. Jakarta Bay which is located adjacent to the capital city of Indonesia is notorious for its pollution problems. The purpose of this research was to assest the contamination levels of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in sea-bottom sediments based on an index analysis approach (contamination factors, geo accumulation index, pollution load index). Sediment samples were collected from 31 stations in Jakarta Bay. Heavy metal concentration was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that an average mercury (Hg) concentration ranged from 0.150 to 0.530 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.362 µg.g-1, Lead (Pb) from 14.870 to 35.650 µg.g-1 with an total average of 21.774 µg.g-1, Cadmium (Cd) 0.110-0.280 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.190 µg.g-1.The average concentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd is still lower than the sediment quality threshold values set by the Office of the State Minister of Environment of Indonesia 2010. The results of the index analysis showed that the average value of contamination factor (CF) are Hg 0.685, Pb 0.558, and Cd 0.380 respectively (low contamination) and geo accumulation index values are Hg 0.237, Pb -1.655, and Cd 0.069 respectively (unpolluted to moderate polluted). Overall, based on the pollution load index value is -0,511 (PLI 1), sediments in these waters are categorized as not yet polluted by Hg, Pb and Cd. This situation is so necessary to be maintained, that in order for the preservation of marine resources will remain.Keywords: Jakarta Bay, sediment, pollution, heavy metals, assessmentABSTRAKKontaminasi dan pencemaran logam berat pada sedimen dasar dapat menimbulkan masalah yang serius bagi biota laut dan kesehatan manusia. Teluk Jakarta yang terletak berdekatan dengan ibu kota Indonesia terkenal karena masalah pencemarannya yang parah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd dalam sedimen dasar laut berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks. Contoh sedimen diambil dari 31 stasiun penelitian di Teluk Jakarta. Kadar logam berat diukur dengan alat Spektrofometer Penyerapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Hg rerata berkisar 0,150-0,530 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,362 µg. g-1, Timbal (Pb) 14,870-35,650 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 21,774 µg. g-1, Kadmium (Cd) 0,110-0,280 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,190 µg.g-1. Kadar rerata Hg, Pb dan Cd masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas kualitas sedimen yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2010. Hasil analisis indeks menunjukkan nilai rerata faktor kontaminasi (CF) berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,685, Pb 0,352 dan Cd 0,380 (kontaminasi rendah) dan nilai indeks geo akumulasi berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,227, Pb 1,098 dan Cd 0,633 (tidak tercemar sampai tercemar sedang). Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran yakni -3.772 (PLI 1), sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori belum tercemar oleh Hg, Pb dan Cd. Keadaan ini perlu dipertahankan, agar kelestarian sumberdaya laut tetap terjaga.Kata kunci: Teluk Jakarta, sedimen, pencemaran, logam berat, penilaian

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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Heavy Metals by Using Chemical Indices Approach in Karachi, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.21743/pjaec/2021.12.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 358-366

Author(s):

Aziz Ur Rahman ◽

Haq Nawaz Abbasi ◽

Muhammad Owais

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Industrial Estates ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Freshwater Consumption

Freshwater consumption has been increased because of population growth and economic development. At the same time, depletion and contamination of groundwater is subject of great concern. Karachi is the industrial hub and serves as the economic backbone of Pakistan. The research aims to investigate the heavy metal pollution in the groundwater of Korangi Industrial Area, one of the largest industrial estates in Karachi. Eighteen representative locations were selected to collect groundwater samples and study the concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Pollution load index, Nemerow's pollution index, and geo accumulation index approaches were used to interpret the basic data. The average concentrations of the measured heavy metals were 354.67 µg.L-1 , 694.33 µg.L-1 , 39.2 µg.L-1 , 12.89 µg.L-1 , 9.5 µg.L-1 , and 6.17 µg.L-1 for Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni, respectively. The results showed that groundwater quality in the study area is poor and mainly contaminated by Pb and Fe.

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Seasonal Variation Of Heavy Metals In Sediment And Water Of Lagos Lagoon

10.31230/osf.io/csq2d ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ngozi Oguguah

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Average Concentration ◽

World Health ◽

Wet Season ◽

Run Off ◽

Lagos Lagoon ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

The concentration of Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and physicochemical parameters were determined in Surface water and Sediment at different stations in Lagos lagoon during the wet season. The result showed that the concentration of Cr 0.039mg/l, Pb 0.043mg/l, Zn 0.107mg/l, Cd 0.17mg/l in surface water were generally low when compared to WHO standard “2004. The concentration of Zn in the water is within the limits permitted by the Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) of 1.0 mg/L Zn set for water. The mean levels of heavy metals in the sediment of Lagos lagoon were generally low and fell within the acceptable limits described by WHO,2004 and FEPA.The average concentration for the heavy metals were Cr 0.046mg/g, Pb 0.054mg/g, Zn 0.730mg/g, Cd 0.523mg/g respectively. Comparism of these values with that of the surface water indicates that most metals were adsorbed to the sediment. None of the trace metals investigated were above the maximum permissible level set by world health organization (WHO). For the physicochemistry the salinity ranged from 0.0 ‰ to 3.1 ‰ indicating a typical freshwater condition, higher dissolved oxygen were also recorded this may be due to run-off during the wet season.

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Contamination Evaluation of Heavy Metals in a Sediment Core from the Al-Salam Lagoon, Jeddah Coast, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9080899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 899

Author(s):

Ammar A. Mannaa ◽

Athar Ali Khan ◽

Rabea Haredy ◽

Aaid G. Al-Zubieri

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Sediment Core ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation Index ◽

Geo Accumulation

The Al-Salam Lagoon is one of the recreational sites along the Jeddah coast, showing the environmental impacts of urbanization along the coast. A sediment core (220 cm) was collected from the intertidal zone to evaluate the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) and geochemical indices (contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, and pollution load index). In the organ-ic-rich muddy sediments (0–100 cm), there is a high metals content and a pollution load index of ~3, indicting anthropogenic impacts with high Cu contamination (CF:12) and moderate Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb contamination (CF: <3). The organic matter and heavy metals washed through surface run-off from the land and deposited as urban waste. Down the core, consistent metals concentration, CF, and Igeo trends indicate a common pollutant source and pollution load variations over time. In the sediment section (70–40 cm), a high organic matter, metal concentration, CF, Igeo, and PLI value (≥5) suggest an uncontrolled pollution load. The decreased and stable trends of environmental indicators toward surface sediments suggest measures taken to control the pollution along the Jeddah coast. Below 110 cm, the carbonate-rich sediments have low organic matter and metals, showing an unpolluted depositional environment. The negative geo-accumulation index implies a geogenic source and indicates no anthropogenic impacts as inferred from low (~1.0) CF and PLI.

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