scholarly journals Sediment Quality of Orashi River at Four Oil Producing Communities of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151
Author(s):  
D. Akachukwu ◽  
J.C. Nnaji ◽  
P. Ojimelukwe ◽  
S. Onoja ◽  
S. Odo
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index

Bed Sediment samples were collected in the Dry Season from Orashi River at three sampling sites each located in Mmahu, Opuoma, Abacheke and Ogwu Aniocha communities. Physicochemical parameters, hydrocarbon and heavy metal (As, Cd, Fe and Pb) concentrations were determined with standard methods. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ranged from 0.11 ±0.03 to 1.91 ±0.25 mg/kg while total hydrocarbon content (THC) and oil and grease had ranges of 0.28 ±0.06-2.98 ±0.19 and 0.69 ±0.09-3.60 ±0.57 mg/kg respectively. The sediment samples were classified as unpolluted in terms of TPH. Mean values for pH had a range of 4.33 ±0.22 - 6.60 ±0.52 while the texture of most samples was sandy. Mean organic carbon contents ranged from 0.58±0.07 to 3.15±0.66 % and mean total nitrogen and total phosphorus had ranges of 0.30±0.00 -2.77±0.46 and 17.34±1.65 - 29.48±1.63 mg/kg respectively. Mean Mg concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the concentrations of other exchangeable bases and mean As concentration had a range of 1.175±0.086-1.291±0.335 mg/kg. Mean Cd concentrations ranged from 0.948±0.072 to 3.120±0.131 mg/kg while mean Fe and Pb concentrations had ranges of 57.324±10.530-159.707±41.192 and 1.300±0.295-7.462±0.861 mg/kg respectively. As and Pb values were lower than the sediment quality guidelines (SQG) but Cd values were higher than the guidelines in all sites. Contamination factors (CFs) for As and Pb indicated low contamination while CFs for Cd indicated moderate to considerable contamination. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values for As and Pb at all sites and that of Cd at one site indicated unpolluted, Igeo values for Cd at all other sites ranged between 0.210 and 1.571 indicating unpolluted to moderately polluted status. Keywords: Sediment, Orashi, hydrocarbons, physicochemical, metals, contamination

scholarly journals The Study of Heavy Metals on Sediment Quality of Kuala Perlis Coastal Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
A.A. Ahmad Zubir ◽  
F.N. Mohd Saad ◽  
F.A. Dahalan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Roadside Area

The contamination of heavy metals gives bad implications to the aquatic environment. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the sediment quality by using different contamination indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Each sediment sample was collected at the surface (0-15cm) at 5 locations based on the land use activity; jetty port (A), seaside restaurant (B), roadside area (C), power plant (D) and residential area (E). All samples were undergoes acid digestion and analyzed with AAS. Four elements identified from the sediment samples which are Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were used to calculate the respective indices. Results show that, the highest EF value of Pb which categorized as very severe enrichment was at point E. Meanwhile minor enrichment was detected at point B for Cu while Cr and Zn at point A. Based on Igeo value the sediment quality along Kuala Perlis was in the unpolluted-moderately polluted condition (class 1). As for PLI it shows that the sediment of the coastal area is unpolluted (PLI<1). Therefore, this study revealed that, the main contributor of heavy metals in this area is Pb while the sediment quality of Kuala Perlis was in minor pollution condition.

Evaluation of Chromium Contamination in the Surface Sediments of Canon River Estuary, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2117-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index

This study was conducted using the data collected at the Canon River estuary, Taiwan to investigate and analyze Chromium (Cr) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the enrichment and accumulation of Cr. Results of laboratory analyses show that concentrations of Cr in the sediments are between 27 and 192 mg/kg with an average of 111±52 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cr reveals is relatively high in the boundary of the river estuary region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the river estuary can be characterized between no enrichment to moderate degree enrichment and between none to medium accumulation of Cr, respectively. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines, the sediments Cr concentrations may cause acute biological damage. The results can provide regulatory valuable information to be referenced for developing future strategies to renovate and manage river estuary and harbor.

scholarly journals Deterministic Assessment of the Risk of Phthalate Esters in Sediments of U-Tapao Canal, Southern Thailand

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Okpara Kingsley ◽  
Banchong Witthayawirasak
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Southern Thailand

This baseline study evaluated the ecological risk associated with the concentration of six common Phthalate esters (PAEs) in sediment samples collected from the U-Tapao canal in Southern Thailand. Deterministic approaches consisting of standard sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and Risk quotient (RQ) were used to evaluate the potential ecological risk of individuals and a mixture of Phthalate esters (PAEs) detected in sediment samples. Of the 6 PAEs measured, only three, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), were identified and quantified. The total concentration of the 3 PAEs congeners found in the sediment samples ranged from 190 to 2010 ng/g dw. The results from the SQGs and RQ were not consistent with each other. The SQGs results for individual PAEs showed that DEHP and DBP found in sediment was estimated to cause moderate risk on benthic organisms, DiNP was not estimated due to lack of SQGs data. However, the RQ method indicated a low risk of DEHP and DBP on algae, crustacean and fish, whereas DiNP poses no risk on crustacean. Furthermore, based on the result obtained in this study, the consensus SQGs for mixture effects prove to be a more protective tool than the RQ concentration addition approach in predicting mixture effects. Despite inevitable uncertainties, the integration of several screening approaches of ecological risk assessment (ERA) can help get a more inclusive and credible result of the first tier of individuals and a mixture of these pollutants.

Evaluation of Zinc Contamination in the Sediments of Salt River Mouth, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
Chun Ting Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Ming Sheng Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Salt River ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Zinc Contamination

The distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of Zinc (Zn) in the surface sediments of Salt River mouth, Taiwan, were studied. Results show that samples collected from nine stations near the mouth of Salt River contain 440–1,820 mg/kg of Zn with average of 951±811 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Zn reveals is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that the sediments of Salt River mouth were moderately severe enrichment with Zn. Geo-accumulation index analysis indicates that the sediments of Salt River mouth were strongly accumulated with Zn. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of Zn in the sediments of Salt River mouth may cause acute biological damage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water and sediment quality of urban streams in Santa Cruz do Sul County, RS, Brasil, using ecotoxicological assays

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luã de Vargas ◽  
Camila Athanásio ◽  
Adriana Düpont ◽  
Adilson Ben da Costa ◽  
Eduardo Aléxis Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Urban Streams ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

AIM: This study aimed to assess the quality of water and sediment of urban streams (Lajeado, Preto, Pedras and Lewis-Pedroso) located in Santa Cruz do Sul County, RS, Brazil, using the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia as test-organism. METHODS: Quarterly scientific excursions to the streams were held on August and November 2011, February and May of 2012 in order to collect water and sediment samples, in the upper reaches (P1, P3, P5, P7) and lower reaches (P2, P4, P6, P8), totalizing 8 points. To evaluate the toxicity (acute and chronic), the microcrustacean C. dubia was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results indicated high toxicity levels detected in samples P2, P6 and P8 (lower reaches), as they caused the mortality of 100% of organisms in the water samples (P6 and P8) and sediment samples (P2 and P8), denoting acute effect. Yet, all upstream sites showed chronic effects in sediment samples, at least for one collection period, with the highest significant toxicity level among all samples (55.2%), which indicates the presence of contamination even in upper areas. These results indicated a strong degradation of the water and sediment quality of urban streams coming from the wastewater and industrial discharges of the urban area, which can cause damage to the biota as well as the public health, due to the multiples uses of water that the local population does, highlighting many of them as inappropriate to the water quality detected, such as the primary contact recreation (balneability).

scholarly journals Estimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution in Mediterranean Sea from Volturno River, Southern Italy: Distribution, Risk Assessment and Loads

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
Paolo Montuori ◽  
Elvira De Rosa ◽  
Fabiana Di Duca ◽  
Donatella Paola Provvisiero ◽  
Pasquale Sarnacchiaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
Volturno River ◽  
Dissolved Phase

This study reports the data on the contamination caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) drained from the Volturno River. The seasonal and spatial distribution of PAHs in water and sediment samples was assessed. The 16 PAHs were determined in the water dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments. A multidimensional statistical approach was used to identify three pollution composite indicators. Contaminant discharges of PAHs into the sea were calculated in about 3158.2 kg/year. Total concentrations of PAHs varied in ranges 434.8 to 872.1 ng g−1 and 256.7 to 1686.3 ng L−1 in sediment samples and in water (DP + SPM), respectively. The statistical results indicated that the PAHs mainly had a pyrolytic source. Considering the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the water environmental quality standards (USEPA EQS), and risk quotient (RQ), the Volturno River would be considered as an area in which the environmental integrity is possibly at risk.

Enrichment and Accumulation of Zinc in the Sediment of Jen-Gen River Estuary, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2693-2696
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Accumulation Index

The spatial distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of zinc (Zn) in the surface sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary, Taiwan, were studied. Results show that samples collected from 11 stations near the estuary of Jen-Gen River contain 221–627 mg/kg of Zn with average of 502±114 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Zn reveals is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that the sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary were severe enrichment with Zn. Geo-accumulation index analysis indicates that the sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary were moderately strong accumulated with Zn. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of Zn in the sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary may cause acute biological damage.

scholarly journals Geochemical Footprint of Megacities on River Sediments: A Case Study of the Fourth Most Populous Area in India, Chennai

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Saravanan ◽  
Desmet ◽  
Neelakanta Pillai Kanniperumal ◽  
Ramasamy ◽  
Shumskikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Guidelines

An intensive surface sediment survey was carried out over 24 locations from the upstream to downstream sections of two large rivers (Adyar and Cooum) in Chennai (India) during the February dry season of 2015. Trace element concentrations were assessed on a <63 µm fraction using the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and the newly proposed Geochemical Urban Footprint Index (GUFI), which can be performed to determine the pollution status of any megacity river influenced by urban development. The sediment quality of Chennai’s rivers was also compared to worldwide megacity pollution using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and a new megacity pollution ranking was determined. The Igeo results indicate that the Chennai rivers studied are strongly to extremely polluted regarding trace element content of sediment. Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) are the most significant tracers of urban contamination. Chromium (Cr) concentrations show an industrial contamination gradient in relation to levels of other trace elements (As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) at the Chennai megacity scale. The GUFI ranges from moderate to extreme contamination, particularly in the downstream stretches of the two rivers. This spatial trend is related to various point sources and identified at specific sampling stations, with a lack of identifiable buffer zones. According to the worldwide comparison of megacity pollution, Chennai is ranked in fifth position. The present position can be attributed to a number of explanations: a population explosion associated with the unplanned growth of the city and non-controlled point sources of pollution in Chennai’s waterways.

scholarly journals Response of free-living Nematodes to the quality of water and sediment at Bou Chrara Lagoon (Tunisia) during winter 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MAHMOUDI ◽  
H. BEYREM ◽  
L. BACCAR ◽  
P. AISSA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

The Bou Ghrara lagoon, a stretch of water in southeastern Tunisia, has shown an alarming reduction of its fishery resources since 1993. In order to study the response of free-living nematodes to the water and sediment quality of this area, thirteen stations have been sampled. According to this study, the heavy metal, organic carbon and hydrocarbon content of sediments are key factors negatively influencing the density, biomass and diversity of the nematofauna.

scholarly journals Determining the Sediment Quality of Yağlıdere Stream (Giresun)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Arzu Aydın Uncumusaoğlu ◽  
Cengiz Mutlu ◽  
İlhami Kayış
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Conductivity Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Sediments in aquatic systems are often contaminated by various pollutants originating from the sources such as industrial and agricultural discharges, municipal wastewater treatment plants, and storm water. These effects lead to the need to develop sediment quality objectives regarding the protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, the sediment samples were collected from five sampling sites and then analyzed in order to identify the concentrations of certain metals (As, Se, Ag, Cd, Na, and K), the levels of pH, conductivity, water content (%) and organic matter (%) in the Yağlıdere Stream. Finally, Geo-accumulation index values calculated based on the estimations regarding the background trace element concentrations suggested the anthropogenic influences in most of the samples. In conclusion, it was observed that K, Na, As, and Se dominantly accumulated in the study area. These metals may have a negative impact on the research area and create an environmental risk.

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