scholarly journals Energy modernization of housing stock

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 06028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ovchinnikova ◽  
Michail Kalinichenko ◽  
Nina Markina ◽  
Elena Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Residential Real Estate ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Definition Of

The tasks of resource and energy saving in the housing and communal environment of districts, the search for the most favorable development in the control of the technical condition of the housing stock are the focus of many foreign and domestic studies. This paper presents a review of the problem of energy modernization of the housing stock. In the context of the research problem, the housing sector will be considered by analyzing several conditions. The identification of predominantly influencing factors that affect the transformation of changes in the housing stock is of crucial importance. A clear definition of these ratios within the system under study leads to accurate accounting and forecasting of the state of the housing stock. When studying the issue of energy modernization of residential real estate, it is important to differentiate and streamline, taking into account economic indicators, the composition and structure of works. A mathematical model for optimizing the modernization process using dynamic programming methods is presented. Based on the scheme of dynamic planning for the most appropriate allocation of funds for energysaving measures in general, a method for the most favorable regulation of the housing stock has been created. Energy modernization of the housing stock leads to a reduction in spending on housing and communal services, and contributes to improving comfortable living conditions for citizens.

scholarly journals Biomimetics as an Approach to Sustainability of Architectural Designs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulmoniem El-Kattan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Universe

The universe around us stands as a proof of the greatness of God. Everything around us, small or huge, tiny or great, all confirms the fact that this universe has a creator who initiated it and keeps running and maintaining it. No one can ignore such a fact. All aspects of beauty and perfection have been created by Allah. Despite the vast technological and scientific development that humanity witnesses these days, we still discover new indications of God's creativity and miraculous formations every day. This was a source of inspiration for architectural designers that made them come up with new inventions and creations that help regeneration and natural environmental sustainability. Many architects try to copy nature in their designs as they believe that the biomimetic approach is considered the design approach that best preserves the environment and sustains buildings. The absence of a clear definition of different approaches of biomimetic designs of various architectural works is one of the stumbling blocks that face many developers of architectural trends and architectural designers in particular. The research problem is summarized by highlighting various biomimetic approaches of architectural designs through reviewing all previous theories and researches and also studying biomimetic technologies that lead to different results as an introduction to sustainability.

Overview of Tools for Increasing Effective Demand and Characteristics of Residential Property Buyers

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
KHORKINA G.A. ◽  
◽  
BOGDANOVA Yu.N. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Residential Real Estate ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Real Estate Developers ◽  
New Buildings

This paper is based on a study consisting of two semantic blocks. In the first block, the existing tools for increasing effective demand in the market of new buildings in Moscow are considered. The most popular tools for increasing effective demand are identified. The second block provides an overview of the characteristics of real and potential buyers of residential real estate in Moscow. Identifying the characteristics of real buyers is based on data published by analytical and consulting companies, as well as real estate developers. Identification of the characteristics of potential buyers was carried out on the basis of official statistics and information published by the Recruitment Agency. The analysis of the characteristics of buyers was carried out in the context of economic activities, in the context of specialization and qualifications, and the level of wages. The areas of employment, specialties are identified, and the level of wages of a person who is potentially more accessible to purchase housing is estimated. The number of people who, in accordance with the size of their salary, can buy housing in the property is estimated. As a result of the work, the expediency of analyzing the buyer’s portrait (including potential one) on a regular basis is justified in order to implement more flexible regulation of the housing sector, taking into account the needs of city residents and the socio-economic situation.

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

The first flush in sewer systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Saget ◽  
Ghassan Chebbo ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Real Data ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Appearance Frequency

The first flush phenomenon of urban wet weather discharges is presently a controversial subject. Scientists do not agree with its reality, nor with its influences on the size of treatment works. Those disagreements mainly result from the unclear definition of the phenomenon. The objective of this article is first to provide a simple and clear definition of the first flush and then to apply it to real data and to obtain results about its appearance frequency. The data originate from the French database based on the quality of urban wet weather discharges. We use 80 events from 7 separately sewered basins, and 117 events from 7 combined sewered basins. The main result is that the first flush phenomenon is very scarce, anyway too scarce to be used to elaborate a treatment strategy against pollution generated by urban wet weather discharges.

scholarly journals SIMULTANEOUS DEFINITION OF KEY CHARACTERISTICS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE ROBUST DESIGN IN EARLY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2691-2700
Author(s):  
Stefan Goetz ◽  
Dennis Horber ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Sandro Wartzack
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Implicit Information ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe success of complex product development projects strongly depends on the clear definition of target factors that allow a reliable statement about the fulfilment of the product requirements. In the context of tolerancing and robust design, Key Characteristics (KCs) have been established for this purpose and form the basis for all downstream activities. In order to integrate the activities related to the KC definition into product development as early as possible, the often vaguely formulated requirements must be translated into quantifiable KCs. However, this is primarily a manual process, so the results strongly depend on the experience of the design engineer.In order to overcome this problem, a novel computer-aided approach is presented, which automatically derives associated functions and KCs already during the definition of product requirements. The approach uses natural language processing and formalized design knowledge to extract and provide implicit information from the requirements. This leads to a clear definition of the requirements and KCs and thus creates a founded basis for robustness evaluation at the beginning of the concept design stage. The approach is exemplarily applied to a window lifter.

Euphoria

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Euphoria is by definition ambiguous. Some researchers have noted it is a cause for drug taking while others have viewed it as the effect of taking drugs, To date there is no clear definition of what “euphoria” is or how it enters into career drug use or abuse. This article proposes that “euphoria” is metaphoric, and on that basis may be learned. Learning to use drugs euphorically is the key to controlled drug use and ultimately the control of drug abuse.

scholarly journals Flying Free: A Research Overview of Deep Learning in Drone Navigation Autonomy

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Susan Mckeever ◽  
Jane Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Vision Applications ◽  
Definition Of

With the rise of Deep Learning approaches in computer vision applications, significant strides have been made towards vehicular autonomy. Research activity in autonomous drone navigation has increased rapidly in the past five years, and drones are moving fast towards the ultimate goal of near-complete autonomy. However, while much work in the area focuses on specific tasks in drone navigation, the contribution to the overall goal of autonomy is often not assessed, and a comprehensive overview is needed. In this work, a taxonomy of drone navigation autonomy is established by mapping the definitions of vehicular autonomy levels, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, to specific drone tasks in order to create a clear definition of autonomy when applied to drones. A top–down examination of research work in the area is conducted, focusing on drone navigation tasks, in order to understand the extent of research activity in each area. Autonomy levels are cross-checked against the drone navigation tasks addressed in each work to provide a framework for understanding the trajectory of current research. This work serves as a guide to research in drone autonomy with a particular focus on Deep Learning-based solutions, indicating key works and areas of opportunity for development of this area in the future.

Organizing for Influence: The Relationship of Structure to Impact

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Neysmith
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTThis case study is an analysis of a mandated municipal senior's group. Earlier work has suggested that variability in effectiveness is related to organizational structures, external forces and the level of institutional change sought.In this study information was obtained on the political, economic and social context within which the group operated; its organizational composition and structure; its objectives and strategies employed to achieve these; and resources available to the group. Outcome was assessed in terms of impact on programs, resource allocation, policy statements, changes in the definition of issues, and influence on decision makers. Data collection methods included non-participant observation; taped interviews with group members and leaders; key informants in the community; and content analysis of written committee documents.

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