scholarly journals General assessment of the environmental status and environmental risks in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V Vorontsova ◽  
A L Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article presents an assessment of the current ecological status of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as a promising area of active industrial development. Acknowledging the current negative environmental consequences of human activities in the Arctic, the authors raise the issue of environmental risks in the Arctic region, which inevitably arise due to the intensification of resource extraction in these areas. From the standpoint of a risk-based approach, the authors insist on the need to take into account the environmental safety requirements in the Arctic region when conducting any kind of business and other activities, taking into account the particular vulnerability of the Arctic ecosystems and the climate-forming significance of this region for the entire planet. In their opinion, at present, the problem of environmental safety in the Russian Arctic is aggravated by several unfavorable factors: environmental damage accumulated over a long period of previous economic and military activities; the lack of the necessary legal framework to regulate resource extraction activities in the region, taking into account new environmental requirements; Russia’s lack of the latest eco-friendly technologies for offshore hydrocarbon production. Each of these factors is capable of provoking irreversible environmental consequences, and, accordingly, each of them should be subjected to in-depth scientific evaluation in the framework of strategic and project-economic planning.

scholarly journals Strategic Directions of Legal Support of Environmental Safety in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
N. G. Zhavoronkova ◽  
V. B. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Programs

The paper discusses the strategic directions of legal support of environmental safety in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, including the concept, specificity, types of environmental hazard, as well as the criteria, boundaries and possibilities for ensuring environmental safety in the Arctic region. Based on the analysis of the existing and future state programs and areas of economic development in the Arctic, the main trends in the socioeconomic development of the Russian Arctic are identified and analyzed. The authors formulate key compensatory mechanisms for preventing threats and risks of ensuring environmental safety in the Arctic by changing the conceptual approach to the system of natural resource management by ecosystem management model, as well as the development and implementation of nature-like technologies. The conclusion is substantiated that, given the special nature of the development of the Arctic, it is required to adopt a single continuous and balanced in terms of goals, objectives, resources, implementers, a long-term sustainable development plan for the Arctic, taking into account both economic and environmental safety criteria.

scholarly journals Legal Issues of Management of Environmental Disaster Risks in the Arctic Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Galina V. Vypkhanova ◽  
◽  
Natalya G. Zhavoronkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article deals with problematic issues related to dangerous natural and man-made phenomena in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, potential and real risks of their occurrence, as well as negative consequences for the environment. The main directions and organizational and legal measures of environmental risk management in the Arctic territory are highlighted, taking into account its specifics. The article substantiates proposals for improving legislation in the field of environmental safety, sanitary and epidemiological, environmental legislation and strategic planning documents aimed at sustainable environmental development of the Arctic.

scholarly journals Mapping of seasonal road transport accessibility in the Arctic region of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Tatiana Nokelaynen
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

Transport accessibility is one of the main categories in transport research and planning of socio-economic development of territories. For Russia, which has the largest area of the northern and arctic territories, this problem is especially urgent. The presence and condition of the road network determines the territorial integrity and unity of the economic space, therefore fulfilling the most important strategic task of the spatial integration of the country. Automobile transport in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is poorly developed and is characterized by a low density of the public network. Its main features are the disunity of the road network, the heterogeneous degree of transport development of the territories and the noticeable role of winter roads in the road infrastructure. An integral part of the transport logistics of the Arctic regions of Russia are winter roads, which allow transportation in the winter season at the lowest cost. The purpose of this study is to develop a database structure and thematic mapping of automobile roads in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the seasonality of their operation. As a result of this work, a classification of winter automobile roads and ice crossings of the Arctic territories was developed and an overview map “Seasonal road transport accessibility of the Arctic region of Russia” at a scale of 1:20,000,000 was compiled. The map demonstrates the contrast between the relatively good winter transport development of the territory and summer impassability. On the basis of statistical materials, maps “Density of all-season motorable roads” and “Level of motorization” were compiled, which give an idea of the differentiation of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation by these indicators. A high level of motorization significantly exceeds the capacity of the existing roads. This is due to the fact that off-road transport is the only guarantor of mobility for the population of hard-to-reach settlements.

scholarly journals Assessment of the pathogenesis of visual impairment naval specialists of the arctic zone of the russian federation during the polar night

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
A. N. Zhekalov ◽  
I. Yu. Mishin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Novaya Zemlya Archipelago ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

Introduction. The climatogeographic conditions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation are determined by the proximity to the North Pole of the Earth and are characterized by a number of certain cyclical changes that do not take place in the middle latitudes — the polar day and the polar night. The high-latitude location determines the long period of the polar night, lasting from 98 to 133 days. Being the hallmark of the Arctic, the polar night is an integral part of service in the Arctic region, it has an impact on every geographically involved person, without exception.Purpose of work. To assess the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of visual impairment that develop during the polar night in naval specialists.Materials and research methods. The study involved 92 people. The surveyed contingent is male contract servicemen of the Navy, aged from 21 to 45 years. The analysis of the morbidity structure according to the ophthalmological profile was carried out during the polar night from November 20, 2020 to January 20, 2021 using an epidemiological method of a case-control study. The assessment of unfavorable climatic and geographical factors of the Arctic region during the polar night was carried out by the method of analytical observation and data recording from November 20, 2020 to January 20, 2021 using the example of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, Belushya Guba village. On the basis of an integral analysis of epidemiological indicators, climatogeographic and clinical and morphological observations, a pathophysiological assessment of diseases of the organ of vision, developing during the polar night in naval specialists, was carried out.Research results show a high level of ophthalmological morbidity during the polar night among naval specialists serving on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago.Conclusions. Climatogeographic factors of the Arctic region have a polyetiological effect on the formation of mechanisms of pathogenesis of disorders of visual functions that develop in naval specialists during the polar night.

scholarly journals The Northern Sea Route: The Need and Prospects for Transit of Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Aleksey Mikhailovich Khorev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Arctic Region

The prospects and problems of using the Northern sea route for transportation of raw materials are examined. The author makes an attempt to study the current state of the Northern sea route as the most important transport corridor of the Arctic region, and analyzes the existing problems that reduce the economic efficiency of cargo transit along the NSR. The ways to improve the efficiency of transportation of raw materials along the Northern sea route are reviewed. The author assesses the importance of the Arctic region for the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as he points out the need for its development in the near future.

NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE ARCTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Anisimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article examines the main challenges to the national security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. In particular, the author analyzes the reasons for the behavioral patterns of Russia and the NATO countries in relation to the Arctic through the prism of a realistic paradigm in the theory of international relations. It is the comprehensive approach to the consideration of the Arctic situation that determines the novelty and relevance of the study. In connection with the discovery and development of large mineral deposits, the role of the Arctic region in modern world political processes has increased. Also, since the late 20th – early 21st century, the Arctic has been in the focus of increased attention of international actors due to its geopolitical importance. All this makes it a priority for Russia. The intensification of the economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, as well as the implementation of such projects as the Northern Sea Route, has become the cause of the growing tensions in the region. The United States and other NATO countries, whose geopolitical interests are affected, are not only strengthening their anti-Russian rhetoric, but also increasing their military presence. In turn, this is perceived by the Russian side as a strategic threat and leads to mirror measures, including the deployment of a military infrastructure and an increase in the number of military exercises. However, despite growing tensions in the Arctic, Russia has consistently demonstrated its readiness for open dialogue and cooperation with its Western partners.

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