scholarly journals Neighbourhood open spaces for social cohesion

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06019
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Badar ◽  
Sarika Bahadure
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Unitary Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
The City

The global cities of the world are witnessing a visible disconnection of everyday life. In India the Smart City guidelines acknowledge the need to counter the growing social detachment and intolerance by encouraging interactions. They go further in identifying that preserving and creating of open spaces must be a key feature of comprehensive urban development. Most social relations are cemented within open spaces at the neighbourhood level. Previous studies examine the association between the attributes of neighbourhood open spaces and social activity but neglect to view the issue comprehensively. The present study turns to Lefebvre’s Unitary Theory which states that open space is a result of three forces; 1) perceived space which is the physical dimension and material quality identifiable by the senses; 2) conceived space created by planners and other agents as plans and documents; and 3) lived space which is shaped by the values attached and images generated through user experience. For open space conducive to social interactions these three aspects must work in tandem. With this consideration a framework of criteria and indicators is developed and used to measure and compare the open spaces in select neighbourhoods in Europe and India. The investigation thus reveals differences in all three aspects of neighbourhood spaces. It also reveals a discrepancy between the planning standards formulated and employed by the city authorities in providing the spaces and the actual needs of the community. The research aims to address this gap. The study of the Indian cases lays foundation for the use of the framework to measure open spaces in association with social cohesion and thereby contribute to the enhancement of the social infrastructure of the City.

scholarly journals Innovations as a necessary condition of social development

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Inna G. Gonchar
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Social

The purpose of the study was to identify and characterize the factors that affect the efficiency of innovations implementation in the social development. Methodology. It was possible to characterize the essence and content of innovations in the social development, to identify factors that affect the efficiency of innovations implementation in the social development through the use of the methods of analysis, systematization, comparison, confronting, generalization of scientific literature and legal and regulatory framework. Results. It was found that in a broad meaning, scientists considered the social development as a change in society, resulting in new social relations, institutions, norms and values. In a narrow meaning, the social development could be seen as a change in the social structure, individual institutions of the society, as a result of which they appeared themselves in a new state. At the same time, the characteristic features of the innovative social development were: novelty for the social environment in which it was implemented; focus on meeting current social needs, solving social problems; had a practical nature of the development, involved the implementation of ideas; transformation of social relations. It was established that innovations in today's conditions were a basic condition of the social development which provided both innovative ideas and innovative methods, ways, technologies of their application. The key factors of the innovative social development were identified: legal support and financial assistance, favorable social-and-economic conditions, innovative resources, critical mass. It was found that efficiency in the implementation of the innovative social development could be achieved through the accumulation of human potential and economic support; formation of the corresponding legislative, financial, economic base; increasing the social activity of young people; modernization of social infrastructure; introduction of innovative technologies, etc. Practical importance. We hope that the results of the study, our observations and comments will contribute to the effective implementation of innovations in the social development, will help to create the necessary conditions, to develop appropriate measures to regulate the activity. Prospects for further study. In our opinion, the issues of factors influencing the quality of human potential, mechanisms of implementing social innovations, etc. can be further developed.

scholarly journals Persepsi Masyarakat Lokal Terhadap Ruang Terbuka Hijau Pada Kota Berbasis Sungai

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Hanny Maria Caesarina ◽  
Dienny Redha Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Local Perception ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Local Connection ◽  
The City

Banjarmasin is dominated with the combination of land and river, which resulted many riverside areas in the city. These areas are functioned as settlements area, as well as commercial and public areas as the focus of the city’s development and the local’s daily activities. However, the rapid development in Banjarmasin still giving less attention to the development of green open spaces, despite the local connection with the river. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the local perception of green open space in the riverside areas of Banjarmasin through descriptive qualitative analysis. Questionnaires and observations in five study areas were done to obtain the local perception. The results show that the highest local perception index is for the  social aspects for 87,2 points and the lowest local perception index is the spatial planning aspects for 42,6 points. Banjarmasin needs to focus more on the spatial planning of green open spaces in riverside areas and enhancing the opportunity for locals to participate in any spatial planning process (participatory planning).

scholarly journals The Manifestations of open space in the novels of Sinan Antoon

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Sarkawt Gwril Ibrahim ◽  
Dhiya Abduirazaq Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Short List ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Narrative Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
The Individual

This study deals with an important topic in the narrative representations of the place through the narrative text. This topic is the significance of the open space in the novels of the Iraqi writer Sinan Antoon who published two collections of poetry: ‘A Prism saturated with War’ and ‘One night for All Cities’; and four novels: ‘I’Jaam’, ‘Alone is a Pomegranate Tree’,’ Fahrs’ and ‘Ya Maryam’. The latter was nominated for the Arab Poker Prize and was among the final short list in 2012. The research is divided into six sections; each section is dedicated for a selected type of open space such as: streets, pubs and bars, worship place, stadiums, university, and some other open places. The study opens with an introduction about the place in general and the open space in specific. The open space is an extension for the natural space with some changes made by man and his needs. This space has a special importance for the individual and his feelings because it forms a sort of belonging, sometimes man can express himself through the places he visits. It can be noticed that open spaces do not differ from closed one in terms of the symbolic value and their representations in the four novels. Despite the fact that these places are familiar and intimate to people, most of them are disappointing as they contain elements of loss and failure. On the other hand, these places can be seen in a positive way because of their nature such as being free and accessible spaces which attempt to look at the changes that took place in the society as well as the social relations and their interactions with place.  

Инфраструктурные перегрузки как дисбаланс городской среды// Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences 5(14), 2019/ RELF Group & OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Vitaly Yakovlev- Berlin, Germany. 26.09.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - PP. 37-43.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Андреевна Водчиц
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
European Academy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The City

В предложенной статье поднята на рассмотрение общераспространённая проблематика напряженного состояния социальной инфраструктуры города на примере Москвы. Также берется к рассмотрению тот факт, что растущая инфраструктура – одна из глобальных проблем мегаполиса. Выявлены основные причины формирования дисбаланса городской среды. Предложен ряд способов возможного решения данной задачи.In the proposed article, the widespread problems of the tense state of the social infrastructure of the city are raised for consideration. Also taken into consideration is the fact that the growing infrastructure is one of the global problems of the metropolis. The main causes of the imbalance of the urban environment are revealed. A number of possible solutions to this problem are proposed.

Rural migrants in villages-in-the-city in Guangzhou, China: Multi-positionality and negotiated living strategies

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2245-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Chung
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This paper investigates rural Chinese migrants’ agency through their multi-positionality and negotiated living strategies. The idea of ‘multi-positionality’ conceptualises a migrant’s mobility between physical locations and shifting social positions. Through individual migrants’ multi-positionality, this study discusses their place-specific social relations and thereby the diverse way to negotiate a living in villages-in-the-city in Guangzhou, China. These strategies include simple approaches such as facilitating physical movements between different locations and more sophisticated ones which develop multiple roles with outsiders and native villagers in different localities. While the former allows individual migrants to use their local knowledge to make a living in the context of institutional exclusion and discrimination, the latter further cultivates changes and an upgrade in social relations. Rural migrants' everyday stories are used to unfold an individual’s particular people–place relationship and how he/she has tapped into a place-specific resource to make a living. It does not aim to generalise rural migrants’ experience; rather it seeks to show diversity and complexity. Migrants’ stories are collected through extensive research in a village-in-the-city in Guangzhou, China. Through these stories, not only does this paper articulate the social relations which underlie individual migrants’ shifting positions, but also extends translocal studies on migrants beyond the narrative of physical locations.

scholarly journals Boon or Bane: Effect of Adjacent YIMBY or NIMBY Facilities on the Benefit Evaluation of Open Spaces or Cropland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wun-Jheng Wu ◽  
Pei-Ing Wu ◽  
Je-Liang Liou
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Damage ◽  
Current Arrangement

This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the benefit of urban open spaces and cropland with different adjacent public facilities seen as locally undesirable (“not in my backyard,” NIMBY) or desirable (“yes in my backyard,” YIMBY). The total benefit increases or decreases for urban open space and cropland with adjacent NIMBY or YIMBY facilities in a municipality in Taiwan. The results show that for the city as a whole, the current arrangement of NIMBY and YIMBY in different zones decreases the total benefit of urban open spaces in highly urbanized zones and increases the total damage to cropland in extremely rural zones. This indicates a need to avoid further installing NIMBY or YIMBY facilities in already occupied urban open spaces. The results also demonstrate that locating NIMBY or YIMBY facilities near cropland fails to highlight the benefit of YIMBY facilities and magnifies opposition to NIMBY facilities. For individual housing units, the total damage is 1.87% of the average housing price for cropland-type open space with adjacent NIMBY or YIMBY facilities, and the total benefit is 7.43% of the average housing price for urban-type open space in a highly urbanized area. In contrast, the total benefit for open space with adjacent NIMBY or YIMBY facilities is a 2.95%-13.80% increase in the average housing price for areas with mixed urban open space and cropland.

scholarly journals Practices and forms of open space at territorial scale: A comparison between two cities crossed by minerals rivers.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialucia Camardelli ◽  
Mariavaleria Mininni ◽  
Adolfo Vigil De Insausti
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Original Laboratory ◽  
Transition Space ◽  
The City

A scientific reading of the transformations of Matera starting from the urban re-activation in a social and spatial perspective in its neighbourhoods. The redevelopment of urban voids starts by the metaphor of the ecological network in an urban scale to update the connection system of open spaces in the light of new practices and flows for an innovative idea of urban resilience. The key role is re-see the neighbourhood: (i) on a local scale, focusing on the practices and customs, in the centre like in the industrial areas, starting processes of recovery and reuse but also of innovation (that result from the opportunity to be the European Capital of Culture 2019); (ii) on a urban scale with the transition space and threshold, identifying those natural and mineral signs representing a transition of porosity. The value of the "suburbs" enters as re-starting for rebirth of the city projects counting on the creativity of practices into the open spaces. The reformist project of Matera as original "laboratory" of architectural and urban experiments changes. Neighbourhoods were born from the same idea of “vicinato” (neighbour) but adapted to a new social identity, able to work on embryos of community, in the same way in Valencia in which natural elements (Turia) lead to rediscover the sense of belonging and making community. In both cases, urban policies are oriented towards innovative and spontaneous processes able to change the urban approach to a multi-purpose city although representative of culture and identity.

scholarly journals CDMX Resilient Code: Water Commons in Mexico City

ZARCH ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
Lorena Bello Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategic Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Using Mexico City (CDMX) as a paradigmatic example of seriously unbalanced water regimes, our project Resilient Code helps strengthen and communicate CDMX’s government efforts toward risk reduction and water resilience in marginal communities. Our project does so by bridging otherwise separate agents in the government towards a common goal: equitable resilience. Resilient Code provides design solutions that link the social infrastructure of PILARES (a network of 300 vocational schools distributed throughout the city) to CDMX’s environmental and risk reduction initiatives, including their Risk Atlas. This strategic program of design-based solutions began with “water resilience” as a Pilot to repurpose public space throughout underserviced barrios as a network of “water-commons”. Resilient Code helps partners in CDMX implement projects to reduce environmental risks and complement socio-economic programs, fostering growth of the “water-commons”. Resilient Code is socialized through a participatory game-based workshop, and through an online Atlas of Risk Reduction.

The main causes of social anxiety in the context of social action

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
I.S. Duisenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social

The article deals with the problems of social anxiety in the context of social activity. Social action is one of the phenomena of everyday life, so the study of anxiety that suddenly occurs in familiar conditions for a person, and its manifestations in social relations occupies an important place in sociological science today. Attempts to explain this were made using the works of T. Parsons, Y. Habermas, and G. Garfinkel. Various manifestations and forms of social anxiety affect the social actions of society.

Ato Quayson's Oxford Street, Accra: Tracing Autobiographical Narrative in Analytical Method

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-504
Author(s):  
Anjali Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
African City ◽  
Creative City ◽  
The Social ◽  
Implicit Argument ◽  
Oxford Street ◽  
The City ◽  
Autobiographical Narrative

In his fascinating study of accra, ato quays0n quickly alerts his reader to the idea that one must not separate ways of knowing shakespeare from ways of knowing Accra. “Reading” the city as a literary critic, but much more, Quayson gives a discursive framework to his historical account of the material, social, and esoteric life of the city. Underlying the text is an implicit argument with other prominent accounts of African cities, which take a more utopian view and present these cities as mapping the innovative, exciting, and creative possibilities of urban space for the rest of the world. Quayson's mode of history is explicitly linked to storytelling in a number of ways beyond his disclosure that “[t]he retelling of Accra's story from a more expansive urban historical perspective is the object of Oxford Street” (4). From the start, it is also clear that his approach will utilize a broadly Marxian framework, which is to see (city) space in terms of the built environment as well as the social relations in and beyond it: “space becomes both symptom and producer of social relations” (5). But ultimately Quayson's apprehension of his city is Marxian because it recuperates ideas, desires, and creativity from the realm of the unique or inexplicable, of “genius,” to effectively insert them into various systems of production or into spaces that lack them. In so doing Quayson enhances, not hinders, our appreciation of those forms of innovation. Also Marxian is his employment of the “negative,” which refers to the way he splits apart many of the accepted relations between things in the scholarship on the development of the city, the postcolonial African city in particular, and pushes beyond the evidence of the “booming” or “creative” city. Quayson thus binds a more philosophical method of reasoning to his analysis of urban social relations while he straddles different disciplines. His work is illuminated when we locate a personal impulse, which we will track through the autobiographical narrative, to intervene not just in the ways the city is understood but also in the ways it is actually developing.

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