scholarly journals Features of the manifestation of lunar-solar tides in the electromagnetic parameters of the active fault zones of the Tien Shan

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Elena Bataleva

The results of monitoring studies of the electromagnetic parameters of active fault structures on the territory of the Bishkek geodynamic proving ground are shown. The temporal variations of the electromagnetic field on several active faults of the Earth’s crust, characterized by different tectonic activity, are analyzed in comparison with the variations of lunar-solar tides. It was found that in the overwhelming majority of cases, the correlation dependences are most clearly manifested in changes in the real and imaginary parts of additional impedances than the main ones. Analysis of the cross-correlation function indicates that the reason for the change in the parameters of the electromagnetic field can be lunar-solar tides.

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis G. Fountoulis ◽  
Spyridon D. Mavroulis

On September 13, 1986, a shallow earthquake (Ms=6.2) struck the city of Kalamata and the surrounding areas (SW Peloponnese, Greece) resulting in 20 fatalities, over 300 injuries, extensive structural damage and many earthquake environmental effects (EEE). The main shock was followed by several aftershocks, the strongest of which occurred two days later (Ms=5.4). The EEE induced by the 1986 Kalamata earthquake sequence include ground subsidence, seismic faults, seismic fractures, rockfalls and hydrological anomalies. The maximum ESI 2007 intensity for the main shock has been evaluated as IX<sub>ESI 2007</sub>, strongly related to the active fault zones and the reactivated faults observed in the area as well as to the intense morphology of the activated Dimiova-Perivolakia graben, which is a 2nd order neotectonic structure located in the SE margin of the Kalamata-Kyparissia mega-graben and bounded by active fault zones. The major structural damage of the main shock was selective and limited to villages founded on the activated Dimiova-Perivolakia graben (IX<sub>EMS-98</sub>) and to the Kalamata city (IX<sub>EMS-98</sub>) and its eastern suburbs (IX<sub>EMS-98</sub>) located at the crossing of the prolongation of two major active fault zones of the affected area. On the contrary, damage of this size was not observed in the surrounding neotectonic structures, which were not activated during this earthquake sequence. It is concluded that both intensity scales fit in with the neotectonic regime of the area. The ESI 2007 scale complemented the EMS-98 seismic intensities and provided a completed picture of the strength and the effects of the September 13, 1986, Kalamata earthquake on the natural and the manmade environment. Moreover, it contributed to a better picture of the earthquake scenario and represents a useful and reliable tool for seismic hazard assessment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Author(s):  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
A. S. Prytkov

In the northern Sakhalin Island, the tectonic activity of the fault zones is a potential threat to the industrial infrastructure of the petroleum fields. Recently, the background seismicity has increased at the Hokkaido‐Sakhalin fault that consists of several segments, including the Garomai active fault. In the studies of the regional deformation processes, it is important not only to analyze the seismic activity, but also to quantitatively assess the dynamics of deformation accumulation in the fault zones. In order to study the contemporary geodynamics of the Garomai fault, a local GPS/GLONASS network has been established in the area wherein trunk oil and gas pipelines are installed across the fault zone. Based on the annual periodic measurements taken in 2006–2016, we study the features of surface deformation and calculate the rates of displacements caused by the tectonic activity in the fault zone. During the survey period, no significant displacement of the fault wings was revealed. In the immediate vicinity of the fault zone, multidirectional horizontal displacements occur at a rate up to 1.6 mm/yr, and uplifting of the ground surface takes place at a rate of 3.4 mm/yr. This pattern of displacements is a reflection of local deformation processes in the fault zone. At the western wing of the fault, a maximum deformation rate amounts to 1110–6 per year. The fault is a boundary mark of a transition from lower deformation rates at the eastern wing to higher ones at the west wing. In contrast to the general regional compression setting that is typical of the northern Sakhalin Island, extension is currently dominant in the Garomai fault zone. The estimated rates of relative deformation in the vicinity of the Garomai fault give grounds to classify it as ‘hazardous’.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Βασίλειος Καπετανίδης

Οι σεισμικές ακολουθίες χαρακτηρίζονται συχνά από διακριτά μοτίβα, όπως χωρικές και χρονικές συστάδες, μονόπλευρη, αμφίπλευρη ή ακτινική μετανάστευση υποκέντρων και εξάρσεις στο ρυθμό σεισμικότητας. Αυτά εξαρτώνται από τη γεωμετρία του δικτύου ρηγμάτων, το καθεστώς τάσεων περιφερειακής κλίμακας με τοπικές ανωμαλίες εξαιτίας ανακατανομής τάσεων ύστερα από ισχυρά γεγονότα ή ασεισμικούς παράγοντες όπως ερπυσμό και διάχυση ρευστών υπό πίεση. Είναι σύνηθες στη χωρικά συσταδοποιημένη σεισμικότητα να εμφανίζονται σεισμοί με όμοιες εστιακές παραμέτρους (σμηνοσεισμοί, ή multiplets), οι οποίοι παράγουν όμοιες σεισμικές αναγραφές. Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αξιοποιείται το φαινόμενο της ομοιότητας κυματομορφών με σκοπό τη βελτίωση της χωροχρονικής κατανομής των σεισμών ενός καταλόγου, τόσο σε ποσότητα δεδομένων, μέσω μεθόδων ημιαυτόματης ανίχνευσης και εντοπισμού, όσο και σε ποιότητα, εφαρμόζοντας επαναπροσδιορισμό υψηλής ευκρίνειας με τη μέθοδο των διπλών διαφορών που ελαχιστοποιεί τις αβεβαιότητες των σχετικών υποκεντρικών θέσεων. Η προτιμώμενη μέθοδος για τη μέτρηση της ομοιότητας κυματομορφών είναι το μέγιστο της συνάρτησης ετεροσυσχέτισης στο πεδίο του χρόνου. Τα χαρακτηριστικά της εξετάζονται ως προς διάφορες παραμέτρους, όπως τα συχνοτικά φίλτρα που εφαρμόζονται, το μήκος παραθύρου και η διάρκεια της σεισμικής πηγής, καθώς και τη βέλτιστη τιμή κατωφλίου για συσταδοποίηση με σύνδεση του «πλησιέστερου γείτονα». Αναπτύχθηκε μια ημιαυτόματη μέθοδος προσδιορισμού χρόνων άφιξης, βασισμένη στην τεχνική του «ανιχνευτή συσχέτισης» που αξιοποιεί την ομοιότητα κυματομορφών σε πολλαπλούς σταθμούς. Η μέθοδος αυτή έχει τροποποιηθεί σε έναν υβριδικό αλγόριθμο που συνδυάζει την αυξημένη ανιχνευσιμότητα ενός μεμονωμένου σταθμού με έναν υψηλής ευαισθησίας αυτόματο αλγόριθμο προσδιορισμού του χρόνου άφιξης σεισμικών φάσεων, ο οποίος βασίζεται στο Κριτήριο Πληροφορίας του Akaike και σε στατιστική ανώτερης τάξεως (κύρτωση και λοξότητα). Περιγράφεται, επίσης, μία μέθοδος προσδιορισμού του μεγέθους σεισμικής ροπής μέσα από φασματική ανάλυση, με έμφαση σε τροποποιήσεις που επιτρέπουν τον υπολογισμό του σε τοπικούς μικροσεισμούς με στενό συχνοτικό εύρος και χαμηλό λόγο σήματος προς θόρυβο. Οι αλγόριθμοι που αναπτύχθηκαν επιτρέπουν τον δεκαπλασιασμό της ποσότητας σεισμών ενός σεισμικού καταλόγου και τη βελτίωση της πληρότητάς του κατά περίπου μία τάξη μεγέθους.Παρουσιάζονται διάφορες μελέτες περιπτώσεων που περιλαμβάνουν πρότυπα μετασεισμικών ακολουθιών (όπως για τους σεισμούς της Ανδραβίδας το 2008, της Κεφαλονιάς το 2014 και της Λευκάδας το 2015) καθώς και σεισμικών σμηνών (όπως στη Λίμνη Τριχωνίδα το 2007, την Οιχαλία το 2011 και την Ελίκη το 2013). Η κύρια περιοχή μελέτης είναι ο δυτικός Κορινθιακός Κόλπος, με ειδική έμφαση σε σεισμούς που καταγράφηκαν την περίοδο 2000-2007 από το τοπικό δίκτυο Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL). Οι επαναπροσδιορισμένοι κατάλογοι, ύστερα από χωρική συσταδοποίηση και διαχωρισμό σε διαδοχικές χρονικές περιόδους, διερευνώνται μέσω πολλαπλών εγκάρσιων τομών και χωροχρονικών προβολών. Η εξέλιξη του ιστορικού των σμηνοσεισμών δίνει μία εικόνα για τον τρόπο με τον οποίο εξαπλώνεται η σεισμικότητα σε νέα τμήματα ρηγμάτων που δεν είχαν διαρρηχθεί, την προϋπάρχουσα δραστηριότητα σε περιοχές που αργότερα έδωσαν ισχυρές σεισμικές συστάδες και την επαναλαμβανόμενη σεισμικότητα σε τμήματα ρηξιγενών ζωνών. Όπου τα δεδομένα το επιτρέπουν, κατασκευάζονται σύνθετοι μηχανισμοί γένεσης για χωρικές συστάδες ή ομάδες σμηνοσεισμών που βοηθούν συμπληρωματικά στην ερμηνεία της χωρικής ανάλυσης και τον προσδιορισμό των ενεργοποιημένων ρηξιγενών δομών. Αναζητούνται μοτίβα χωροχρονικής σεισμικής μετανάστευσης που αποκαλύπτουν την πιθανή επίδραση ρευστών κατά τη διάρκεια σεισμικών σμηνών και προσδιορίζονται παράμετροι όπως η υδραυλική διαχυτικότητα και η ταχύτητα μετανάστευσης. Τέλος, εξετάζεται η συνεισφορά ασεισμικών παραγόντων μέσα από μοντέλα ETAS (Μετασεισμική Ακολουθία Σποραδικού Τύπου) που παρέχουν, επιπροσθέτως, πληροφορία για την παραγωγικότητα μετασεισμών και τον ρυθμό απόσβεσης.


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2803-2815 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Han ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
J. Du ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
...  

Abstract. The present work is proposed to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in soil gas Rn and CO2 across the active faults in the capital area of China in order to understand fault activities and assess seismic hazard. A total of 342 soil gas sampling sites were measured twice in 2011 and 2012 along seven profiles and across four faults. The results of soil gas surveys show that, in each profile, due to the variation in gas emission rate, the concentrations of Rn and CO2 changed in the vicinity of faults. Spatial distributions of Rn and CO2 in the study areas were different from each other, which was attributed to soil types affecting the existence of Rn and CO2. Compared with the measurement result of 2011, the increasing amplitude of average concentration value of Rn and CO2 in profiles in 2012 ranged from 30.2 to 123.4% and 66.3 to 131.7%, respectively, which were coincident with the enhancement of seismic activities in the capital area of China. Our results indicate that special attention with regard to seismic monitoring should be paid to the Xinbaoan–Shacheng Fault and the northeastern segment of the Tangshan Fault in the future.


2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-412
Author(s):  
А. N. Ovsyuchenko ◽  
R. N. Vakarchuk ◽  
A. M. Korzhenkov ◽  
A. S. Larkov ◽  
А. I. Sysolin ◽  
...  

In the paper there are results of a recent study of the active faults in the Kerch Peninsula. There was compiled a Map of Active Faults - sources of the strong earthquakes occurred in Late Holocene. The map is a regional seismotectonic model of strong earthquake sources - detailed basis for a spatial prognosis of the seismic hazard. Results of the study show that the Kerch Peninsula demonstrates signs of the classical morphostructures, and a morphology of the modern peninsula contours is caused by the large active fault zones.


2021 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Elena Bataleva

The results of geophysical monitoring of seismically hazardous regions are of undoubted interest for studying the deep structure of the lithosphere, regional seismicity, modern geodynamics, etc. The work used experimental material, including the results of magnetotelluric monitoring and the catalogs of the KNET (Kyrgyzstan Telemetered Network), KRNET (Kyrgyz Republic Digital Network) and ISC (International Seismological Center) networks obtained in the seismically active zones of the Bishkek Geodynamic Proving Ground (Northern Tien Shan). The analysis of electromagnetic monitoring results of the Northern Tien Shan seismic generating zone was carried out in a wide frequency range. The data on the parameters of the electromagnetic field of the Earth’s crust in the Northern Tien Shan are generalized and systematized. Based on the analysis of these data, the dependence of the response of seismic events in electromagnetic parameters on the distance of earthquake epicenters was studied. The most likely reason for the occurrence of anomalous changes in the electromagnetic field is the activation of deformation processes during the preparation of strong earthquakes. The results of the time-frequency analysis are presented and the features of manifestation are considered depending on the location of the hypoand epicenters of seismic events and their magnitude. Regularities have been established in the behavior of tipper variations for remote and regional earthquakes for the first quarter of 2016 with an energy class from 6 to 10.


2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 104489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Giovanni Martinelli ◽  
Zhaofei Liu ◽  
Chang Lu ◽  
...  

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Irina Medved ◽  
Elena Bataleva ◽  
Michael Buslov

This paper presents new results of detailed seismic tomography (ST) on the deep structure beneath the Middle Tien Shan to a depth of 60 km. For a better understanding of the detected heterogeneities, the obtained velocity models were compared with the results of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) along the Kekemeren and Naryn profiles, running parallel to the 74 and 76 meridians, respectively. We found that in the study region the velocity characteristics and geoelectric properties correlate with each other. The high-velocity high-resistivity anomalies correspond to the parts of the Tarim and Kazakhstan-Junggar plates submerged under the Tien Shan. We revealed that the structure of the Middle Tien Shan crust is conditioned by the presence of the Central Tien Shan microcontinent. It manifests itself as two anomalies lying one below the other: the lower low-velocity low-resistivity anomaly, and the upper high-velocity high-resistivity anomaly. The fault zones, limiting the Central Tien Shan microcontinent, appear as low-velocity low-resistivity anomalies. The obtained features indicate the fluid saturation of the fault zones. According to the revealed features of the Central Tien Shan geological structure, it is assumed that the lower-crustal low-velocity layer can play a significant role in the delamination of the mantle part of the submerged plates.


2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASANUDDIN Z. ABIDIN ◽  
HERI ANDREAS ◽  
TERUYUKI KATO ◽  
TAKEO ITO ◽  
IRWAN MEILANO ◽  
...  

Along the Java trench the Australian–Oceanic plate is moving and pushing onto and subducting beneath the Java continental crust at a relative motion of about 70 mm/yr in NNE direction. This subduction-zone process imposed tectonic stresses on the fore-arc region offshore and on the land of Java, thus causing the formation of earthquake fault zones to accommodate the plate movement. Historically, several large earthquakes happened in Java, including West Java. This research use GPS surveys method to study the inter-seismic deformation of three active faults in West Java region (i.e. Cimandiri, Lembang and Baribis faults), and the co-seismic and post-seismic deformation related to the May 2006 Yogyakarta and the July 2006 South Java earthquakes. Based on GPS surveys results it was found that the area around Cimandiri, Lembang and Baribis fault zones have the horizontal displacements of about 1 to 2 cm/yr or less. Further research is however still needed to extract the real inter-seismic deformation of the faults from those GPS-derived displacements. GPS surveys have also estimated that the May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was caused by the sinistral movement of the (Opak) fault with horizontal co-seismic deformation that generally was less than 10 cm. The post-seismic horizontal deformation of the July 2006 South Java tsunami earthquake has also been estimated using GPS surveys data. In the first year after the earthquake (2006 to 2007), the post-seismic deformation is generally less than 5 cm; and it becomes generally less than 3 cm in the second year (2007 to 2008).


Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Molli ◽  
Isabelle Manighetti ◽  
Rick Bennett ◽  
Jacques Malavieille ◽  
Enrico Serpelloni ◽  
...  

Based on the review of the available stratigraphic, tectonic, morphological, geodetic, and seismological data, along with new structural observations, we present a reappraisal of the potential seismogenic faults and fault systems in the inner northwest Apennines, Italy, which was the site, one century ago, of the devastating Mw ~6.5, 1920 Fivizzano earthquake. Our updated fault catalog provides the fault locations, as well as the description of their architecture, large-scale segmentation, cumulative displacements, evidence for recent to present activity, and long-term slip rates. Our work documents that a dense network of active faults, and thus potential earthquake fault sources, exists in the region. We discuss the seismogenic potential of these faults, and propose a general tectonic scenario that might account for their development.


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