scholarly journals Research on Safety Spacing of Chemical Storage Tanks Based on Accident Consequence and Risk Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Zhenping Li ◽  
Sanming Wang ◽  
Dongliang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
Placement Method ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Vapor Explosions ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
Accident Consequence

The placement of chemical storage tanks is an important topic in industrial safety, and its placement method is based on the study of the safety spacing of storage tanks. This paper takes LPG and LNG storage tanks as examples. It uses vapor cloud explosions, pool fires, pressure vessel explosions, boiling liquid expansion vapor explosions and other fire and explosion accident consequences models and risk probability analysis methods to analyze. It is proved that the transfer of storage tanks from ground to underground can significantly reduce the scope of impact of explosion accidents, thereby increasing the utilization rate of industrial land.

scholarly journals How to Determine the Dangerous Potential of Accidents to Domino Effect Detonation in a Hydrocarbon Processing Area?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Ariel Dueñas Santana ◽  
Yanelys Cuba Arana ◽  
Mary Carla Barrera González ◽  
Jesús Luis Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Domino Effect ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Cascade Effect ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Hydrocarbon Storage ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
New Procedures

The crude oil industry has been developed in recent decades due to the uses of this product, as well as its derivatives. One of the worst consequences phenomena that can occur in the process industry is the called domino effect. The domino effect or cascade effect occurs when an initiating event, such as a pool of fire or a vapor cloud explosion, causes a new number of accidents. Moreover, due to the importance of avoiding this phenomenon, the European Commission considers the domino effect analysis as mandatory for industrial facilities. There are methodologies in the specialized literature focused on quantifying the existing risks in the storage and processing of hydrocarbons. However, there is a tendency to develop new procedures that increase the risk perception of these accidents. In addition, it is necessary to develop a method that allows visualizing clearly and concisely the dangerous potential of fire and explosion accidents for the occurrence of the domino effect. Precisely, this research aims to predict the dangerous potential of fire and explosion accidents for the occurrence of the domino effect. For this purpose, a methodology consisting of three fundamental stages is developed. Finally, hydrocarbon storage and processing area is selected to apply the proposed methodology. Overall, the development of graphs that summarize information and show the dangerous potential regarding the escalation of fire and explosion accidents is vital in risk analysis. For the case study, the effectiveness of the same was demonstrated, since after its realization it was possible to increase the risk awareness of workers, technicians, and managers of the area taken as a case study.

Experimental Research of Liquid Hydrocarbon Volatilization and Vapor Cloud Diffusion Concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Kai Quan Wang ◽  
Xue You Wang ◽  
Xiao Yong Shu ◽  
Tao Gu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Liquid Pool ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Diffusion Experiment ◽  
Experiment Platform ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control

The main components of liquid hydrocarbon leakage evaporated gas is methane, which is not only a meanly greenhouse gas, and also a kind of dangerous substances may cause fire and explosion. Study of the mechanism of the liquid hydrocarbon leakage and evaporation will be beneficial to protect environment, prevent fire and explosion accident effectively. Based on the homemade experimental platform of liquid hydrocarbons volatilizes and diffusion, the speed of diesel oil volatile in the cup was detected with the temperature of 30°C, 60°C, 90°C and 120°C respectively, and the concentrations distribution variation of vapor cloud above the liquid level of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m and 1.6 m was also detected in a sealed condition. The results indicate that: diesel oil volatilization has exponent relation to diesel oil temperature; the vapor cloud density has logarithmic relation to diesel oil volatilization:; and the time of forming the explosion concentration of vapor cloud has exponent relation to diesel oil temperature:. There is a peak area of concentration at about above the liquid level of 0.8m, and achieve explosion concentration in where firstly and then expanding on both ends. This paper provided a liquid pool volatilize diffusion experiment platform which can quantitatively study the volatile speed of diesel after leakage, quantitative analysis can be vapor cloud explosion concentration distribution, and the experimental results can be used to guidance for early-warning and control the explosion disaster of liquid hydrocarbon and reduce the methane to the air pollution.

scholarly journals Modeling the Consequences of Methane Gas Expansion in a CNG Fuel Stations of Isfahan Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh RASTIMEHR ◽  
Mahshid BAHRAMI ◽  
Adel MAZLOMI ◽  
Mohammad Hossein CHALAK ◽  
Reza POURBABAKI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Gas Expansion

Introduction: Assessment of the consequences of hazards such as fire and explosion is one of the most urgent and important steps to improve the level of safety in the current stations and those that are in the design process. The purpose of this study was to review the model of CNG Compressed Natural Gas releases and the range of damages to individuals and equipment. Moreover, we examined the observance of safe distance of this station to its surroundings. Materials and Methods: In this study, modeling the effects of fire and explosion on the CNG fuel station in Isfahan province was performed using ALOHA software. In this model, six scenarios were designed to create a hole with a diameter of 0.03m and a gap of 0.2m and width of 0.2 m in a pressure vessel. Results: It was observed that the toxic atmosphere was within the distance of 55 meters at a concentration of 65000 ppm. In the case of a gap, the toxic vapor cloud range could increase to 66 meters. The flammable superpower range was 89meters for the hole but 107 meters for the gap. The thermal radiation from the jet fire to the distance of 25meters was 10 kw/sqm for the hole, but the thermal radiation was 10 kw/sqm for the gap to 35meters. Conclusion: The most dangerous scenario was the Jet Fire, which involved not only the CNG station, but also the municipal parking area. Furthermore,  the thermal radiation produced by the gap was greater than the hole with regard to the involved range.  

Cost Optimizations of Gas Detector Systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmund Huser ◽  
Luiz Fernando Oliveira ◽  
Joar Dalheim
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Gas Detectors ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
Risk Reducing

An improved procedure for optimization of flammable gas detector systems in process plant modules is presented in the paper. The main features of the new procedure are that it uses a detailed explosion Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) model to obtain the risk reducing effects of applying more gas detectors; and it uses detailed transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess the most effective locations of the gas detectors. This results in a cost optimized solution which gives the minimum fire and explosion risk, at the lowest cost. A field example is included where it is indicated that with the optimal number of gas detectors, the total costs of fire and explosion accidents are reduced by 18% compared to having no gas detection system at all.

Ensuring fire safety for autogas filling stations in town

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Roman Shavaliev ◽  
Rinat Yagudin ◽  
Daniil Valeev ◽  
Elena Elizareva ◽  
Roman Marvanov
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Fire And Explosion

Objective: To ensure industrial safety for autogas filling stations operated in town, analyzing the current status of the issue and identifying accident causes are performed. Methods: It is shown that most motor vehicles are not designed to use liquefied gas as a fuel and consequently converted to fit gas cylinders for using liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) making the hazard to people much higher and contributing to autogas filling station chain growth. As the filling station process involves highly flammable gases, such facilities may be referred to as fire and explosion hazardous. Results: Making a selection of a typical autogas filling station based on systems analysis methods and also approved methods, an emergency is simulated with a gas-air mixture explosion in implementing a worst-case scenario (LPG escape resulting from a destroyed tank truck forming a primary gas-vapor cloud with the gas-air mixture exploding): injurious effects and potential impact are assessed. It is identified that within a 50 m radius there is a risk that people may be affected and also that buildings and structures placed in close vicinity to it be damaged, which causes a special threat if located close to other autogas filling stations. As one of the primary goals for safe operation of autogas filling stations is keeping rated operating conditions for process equipment components, a number of early preventive measures has to be taken, which would allow avoiding any emergencies. Practical importance: Following the patent study, a dusty cloud generation device based on an explosion overpressure triggering mechanism for explosion containment is contemplated and proposed and its location and operating conditions are recommended, which will make the facility better protected from fire and explosion hazards.

Simulation of Fuel Storage Hazards Associated With Petroleum Refineries Tanks

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Pourgol-Mohammad ◽  
Mohammad Pourghafari ◽  
Reza Alizadeh ◽  
Mojtaba Raheli Kaleibar ◽  
Morteza Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Predicting of hazards associated with the damages of fuel storage tanks in petroleum refineries is critical in maintaining safety of the facilities. This study assesses the hazard of the refinery gasoline tank damage by augmented mathematical and semi-experimental methods. This research evaluates complete content release of the reservoir tank scenario in a given time, as the worst case. Environment conditions are evaluated as affecting factors on the progression of the scenario. Comparison between the results of numerical simulations for pool fire as well as vapor cloud explosion with the results of simulation based on empirical-mathematical models indicates noticeable differences between the results in the vicinity of the boundary conditions; however, with increasing the distance from the center of the accident point, this difference decreases markedly.

Analytical Study on Fire and Explosion Accidents Assumed in HTGR Hydrogen Production System

2004 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Inaba ◽  
Tetsuo Nishihara ◽  
Yoshikazu Nitta
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Explosion Accidents

Risk assessment for fire and explosion accidents of steel oil tanks using improved AHP based on FTA

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Wenhua Song ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Ji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
Oil Tanks
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