scholarly journals Antiradical and antidiabetic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Mark Shamtsyan ◽  
Lea Pogačnik
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Mushrooms have been an important part of the diet for centuries. There are more than 2,000 different species of mushrooms found in the nature, but only 25 species are generally used in the human diet, and even fewer are grown commercially. One of the more popular mushrooms for cultivation and culinary use are mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus. The objectives of this study were: (i) preparation of isolates from the basidiomycetes Pleurotus ostreatus by sequential extraction with cold and hot water, extraction with hot water and extraction with hot alkali solution for determination of antiradical activity and (ii) preparation of water and 70% ethanol extracts for determination of antidiabetic activity. The antiradical activity of the extracts was determined using spectrophotometric method based on inhibition of free radical 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Antidiabetic activity was determined using α- amylase inhibition assay with DNSA reagent and spectrophotometric determination. As a result of the work carried out, it was found that the preparations obtained by extraction exhibit antiradical activity. Regarding antidiabetic activity, all tested extracts showed considerable antidiabetic activity. Moreover, water extracts were inhibiting α-amylase significantly more than ethanol extracts at higher concentrations of dry extract (50 and 100 mg/mL), whereas at lower concentrations (1 and 10 mg/mL) of ethanol extracts were more efficient than water ones.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Theobromine and Caffeine in Cocoa and Chocolate Products

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1424-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R Kreiser ◽  
Robert A Martin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A method was developed for determining theobromine and caffeine in cocoa and chocolate products by high pressure liquid chromatography. After a simple hot water extraction, both theobromine and caffeine were separated by using a reverse phase Cl s column and a mobile phase of methanol-water-acetic acid (20+ 79+1). Theobromine and caffeine were quantitated at 280 nm; average recoveries were 98.7 and 95.0%; and coefficients of variation were 2.31 and 3.91%, respectively.

scholarly journals Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Bio-Hydrogels Formulation with Aristotelia chilensis [Mol.] Stuntz Leaves

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6402
Author(s):  
Audrey Bianchi ◽  
Pamela R. Rivera-Tovar ◽  
Vanesa Sanz ◽  
Tania Ferreira-Anta ◽  
María Dolores Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Pressurized Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Aristotelia Chilensis

Aristotelia chilensis is a plant rich in phenolics and other bioactive compounds. Their leaves are discarded as waste in the maqui berry industry. A new application of these wastes is intended by the recovery of bioactive compounds using pressurized hot water extraction with conventional or microwave heating. Both technologies have been selected for their green character regarding the type of solvent and the high efficiency in shorter operation times. Extractions were performed in the temperature range 140–200 °C with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:15 (w:w). The extracts’ total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and saccharides content obtained with both heating methods were measured. Additionally, the thermo-rheological properties of the gelling matrix enriched with these extracts were analyzed. Optimum conditions for lyophilized extracts were found with conventional heating, at 140 °C and 20 min extraction; 250.0 mg GAE/g dry extract and 1321.5 mg Trolox/g dry extract. Close to optimum performance was achieved with microwave heating in a fraction of the time (5 min) at 160 °C (extraction), yielding extracts with 231.9 mg GAE/g dry extract of total phenolics and antiradical capacity equivalent to 1176.3 mg Trolox/g dry extract. Slightly higher antioxidant values were identified for spray-dried extracts (between 5% for phenolic content and 2.5% for antioxidant capacity). The extracts obtained with both heating methods at 200 °C contained more than 20% oligosaccharides, primarily glucose. All the formulated gelling matrices enriched with the obtained extracts displayed intermediate gel strength properties. The tested technologies efficiently recovered highly active antioxidant extracts, rich in polyphenolics, and valuable for formulating gelling matrices with potential applicability in foods and other products.

Biomarker-Based Determination of Equiseti herba Contamination by Equisetum palustre Using HPLC-MS/MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Nowak ◽  
Isabel Tipke ◽  
Luise Bücker ◽  
Kerstin Franke ◽  
Marcus Lubienski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Tea Infusions ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEquiseti herba has been traditionally indicated in bacterial diseases of the efferent urinary tract or bad healing wounds in many regions worldwide. Most of the plant material used for medical purposes comes from collections of wild growing plants. The European Pharmacopoeia requires that Equiseti herba should consist of a minimum of 95% Equisetum arvense and a maximum of 5% foreign ingredients. This includes Equisetum palustre, which is known for its potentially toxic alkaloid palustrine. However, both Equisetum species are quite common, look morphologically very similar, and share similar habitats, hence, are therefore often confused. Recently, several structurally related Equisetum alkaloids have been identified in E. palustre but not in E. arvense. We have established a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the detection of these E. palustre-specific Equisetum alkaloids in order to quantify the contamination of Equiseti herba (E. arvense) by E. palustre plant material. In a second, independent approach, the results of the HPLC-MS/MS analysis were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, looking for the species-specific characteristics of the stoma apparatus of E. palustre. Thirty-four Equiseti herba products obtained from different pharmacies, drug stores, supermarkets, and web stores were analyzed. The majority of the products (26 out of 34) were Equisetum alkaloid positive, with contents ranging from 0.29 – 21.7 mg of Equisetum alkaloids/kg (d. w.). In addition, the transfer of Equisetum alkaloids into tea infusions was investigated, demonstrating a 42 to 60% transfer rate for cold and hot water extraction of Equisetum alkaloid-contaminated Equiseti herba, respectively.

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