scholarly journals Technological, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Aspects of Robotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 12028
Author(s):  
Ildar Begishev ◽  
Zarina Khisamova ◽  
Vitaly Vasyukov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Current State

Robotics is considered by modern researchers from various positions. The most common technical approach to the study of this concept, which examines the current state and achievements in the field of robotics, as well as the prospects for its development. Also, quite often in recent years, legal experts have begun to address problems related to the development of robotics, focusing on issues related to the legal personality of robots and artificial intelligence, as well as the responsibility of AI for causing harm. A separate direction in the field of robotics research is the analysis of this concept and the relations associated with it, from the standpoint of morality, ethics and technologies.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Creation of Vaccines and other Intellectual Property Objects (Legal Aspects)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
B. A. Shakhnazarov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Instruments

The paper is devoted to the issues associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in intellectual property objects, in particular vaccines, in the context of fight against a pandemic. It is emphasized that AI technologies allow us to overcome similar problems at the national and international levels and to prevent their recurrence in the future. The author highlights that the most important requirements for observance of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens consolidated in regulatory acts and impossibility of their restriction in AI technologies must be supplemented with clear rules regulating the legal framework of artificial intelligence, including intellectual activity, and responsibility of developers and AI users. At the same time, the AI legal personality also needs to be thoroughly elaborated with the focus on providing a reasonable balance of rights, responsibilities and eligibility among developers, AI users, and other addressees entering into legal relationships involving artificial intelligence. A key aspect in the context of the legal regulation of the results of intellectual activity created entirely or partially by artificial intelligence is represented by the balance between the interests of rights holders and the public interests. Possible restrictions of rights of copyright holders as established in international instruments (Para 31 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) should be accepted as a harmonizing basis and adopted in national legal systems. At the same time, rights holders must be provided with appropriate guarantees of respect for their rights (In particular, the non-exclusive nature of the use of intellectual rights in the context of such restrictions, payment of reasonable remuneration, etc.).

scholarly journals The ethical and legal aspects of robotics: the european perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Anton Vasilyev ◽  
Olga Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to a critical review of the European Parliament Resolution of February 16, 2017 on the regulations in the field of robotics. The authors analyze the approaches of the creators of the law in terms of perception of autonomous robots as subjects of law and pay attention to the legal liability for damage caused by robots. The authors conclude that the concept of robots as the subject of law and the possibility of endowing robots with artificial intelligence with the qualities of a legal or electronic entity are arguable. First of all, the legal personality of robots raises the problem of responsibility and protection of the rights of potential victims. The resolution of the European Parliament emphasizes the need for such a legal structure that will ensure the harmonization of the interests of developers and sellers of autonomous robots, users and victims – the imposition of liability on the manufacturer or liability insurance.

scholarly journals Medical Applications of Artificial Intelligence (Legal Aspects and Future Prospects)

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Andreevich Laptev ◽  
Inna Vladimirovna Ershova ◽  
Daria Rinatovna Feyzrakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Gradual Introduction

Background: Cutting-edge digital technologies are being actively introduced into healthcare. The recent successful efforts of artificial intelligence in diagnosing, predicting and studying diseases, as well as in surgical assisting demonstrate its high efficiency. The AI’s ability to promptly take decisions and learn independently has motivated large corporations to focus on its development and gradual introduction into everyday life. Legal aspects of medical activities are of particular importance, yet the legal regulation of AI’s performance in healthcare is still in its infancy. The state is to a considerable extent responsible for the formation of a legal regime that would meet the needs of modern society (digital society). Objective: This study aims to determine the possible modes of AI’s functioning, to identify the participants in medical-legal relations, to define the legal personality of AI and circumscribe the scope of its competencies. Of importance is the issue of determining the grounds for imposing legal liability on persons responsible for the performance of an AI system. Results: The present study identifies the prospects for a legal assessment of AI applications in medicine. The article reviews the sources of legal regulation of AI, including the unique sources of law sanctioned by the state. Particular focus is placed on medical-legal customs and medical practices. Conclusions: The presented analysis has allowed formulating the approaches to the legal regulation of AI in healthcare.

scholarly journals Logical and conceptual constructions, theoretical and legal versions of the interpretation of the artificial intelligence’s "legal personality"

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana V. Gaivoronskaya ◽  
Alexey Y. Mamychev ◽  
Olga I. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Oksana Khotynska- Nor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
General Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Robotics

The lack of sufficient legal regulation of relations associated with the use of artificial intelligence and robotics is associated with the conceptual lack of resolution of the basic issues underlying modern models of legal regulation for anything: about the concept and general status of the phenomenon to be settled. With regard to the research topic, this translates into questions about the concept and legal personality of artificial intelligence. These questions represent a kind of logical metaphor: in order to start modeling the legal personality of artificial intelligence, we must first define its concept; and the legal concept of artificial intelligence will be formulated differently depending on whether we consider it as a subject or an object of law. The authors investigate the technical, moral and legal aspects of the problem concerning the status and understanding artificial intelligence, and draw conclusions about the basic conditions for the legal regulation of this area.

Artificial Intelligence from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Philosophical and Legal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ablameyko ◽  
Maria S. Ablameyko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Robotics

The article discusses the development of artificial intelligence systems from an interdisciplinary perspective, addressing philosophical and legal problems. Special attention is paid to the issue of the creation of artificial general intelligence. The use and implementation of AI systems can potentially create controversial legal situations from in many areas. Among them are data confidentiality, social security and responsibility, intellectual property of AI systems, legal personality of AI systems, ethical standards of using AI systems. It is shown that legal regulation in the field of AI is lagging behind technological development. There is practically no legal regulation of the terms, conditions, and rules of the development, launching, operating, integration into other systems, and controlling of AI technologies. The authors analyzes the process of improving the regulatory framework in some countries, especially in the Republic of Belarus. The articles focuses on the paradoxes of legal regulation of AI systems. That authors argue that there is a need for coordination in the development of Belarusian legislation in the field of AI, taking into the account the international legal and philosophical discussion on the social responsibility of AI. The article proposes to develop and adopt a special legislation on the development of AI and robotics. According to the authors, in the new legislation, special attention should be paid to the issues of legal and ethical use of AI systems. The article concludes that there is a critical importance of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary discussion to ensure legal regulation of AI-related issues.

Artificial Intelligence and Inequality in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
pp. 624-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagla Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Youth Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks at the challenges, opportunities, and tensions facing the equitable development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the MENA region in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. While diverse in their natural and human resource endowments, countries of the region share a commonality in the predominance of a youthful population amid complex political and economic contexts. Rampant unemployment—especially among a growing young population—together with informality, gender, and digital inequalities, will likely shape the impact of AI technologies, especially in the region’s labor-abundant resource-poor countries. The chapter then analyzes issues related to data, legislative environment, infrastructure, and human resources as key inputs to AI technologies which in their current state may exacerbate existing inequalities. Ultimately, the promise for AI technologies for inclusion and helping mitigate inequalities lies in harnessing grounds-up youth entrepreneurship and innovation initiatives driven by data and AI, with a few hopeful signs coming from national policies.

scholarly journals Granular Cell Tumor: A Technical Approach for Resection of a Rare Suprasellar Mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J Schupper ◽  
Frank J Yuk ◽  
Hongyan Zou ◽  
Sadhna Ahuja ◽  
Nadejda M Tsankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Granular Cell Tumor ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Current State

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Granular cell tumors (GCTs) of the sellar and suprasellar regions are rare tumors that may be managed surgically by multiple strategies. The technical approaches for these tumors have rarely been described in the literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We introduce the case of a patient presenting with dizziness and headaches who was found to have a suprasellar and retrochiasmatic mass and eventually underwent surgical resection. We discuss the characteristics of this tumor, and the current state of the literature. Also included are details regarding the surgical approach utilized in this case, and a discussion of the various surgical approaches for this type of tumor. CONCLUSION There are several approaches for the surgical resection of suprasellar GCTs, and the approach utilized may depend on patient and/or surgeon considerations. Patient-specific considerations must be made to ensure maximal safe resection of these lesions.

Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
V. Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.

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