Artificial Intelligence from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Philosophical and Legal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ablameyko ◽  
Maria S. Ablameyko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Robotics

The article discusses the development of artificial intelligence systems from an interdisciplinary perspective, addressing philosophical and legal problems. Special attention is paid to the issue of the creation of artificial general intelligence. The use and implementation of AI systems can potentially create controversial legal situations from in many areas. Among them are data confidentiality, social security and responsibility, intellectual property of AI systems, legal personality of AI systems, ethical standards of using AI systems. It is shown that legal regulation in the field of AI is lagging behind technological development. There is practically no legal regulation of the terms, conditions, and rules of the development, launching, operating, integration into other systems, and controlling of AI technologies. The authors analyzes the process of improving the regulatory framework in some countries, especially in the Republic of Belarus. The articles focuses on the paradoxes of legal regulation of AI systems. That authors argue that there is a need for coordination in the development of Belarusian legislation in the field of AI, taking into the account the international legal and philosophical discussion on the social responsibility of AI. The article proposes to develop and adopt a special legislation on the development of AI and robotics. According to the authors, in the new legislation, special attention should be paid to the issues of legal and ethical use of AI systems. The article concludes that there is a critical importance of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary discussion to ensure legal regulation of AI-related issues.

scholarly journals Logical and conceptual constructions, theoretical and legal versions of the interpretation of the artificial intelligence’s "legal personality"

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana V. Gaivoronskaya ◽  
Alexey Y. Mamychev ◽  
Olga I. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Oksana Khotynska- Nor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
General Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Robotics

The lack of sufficient legal regulation of relations associated with the use of artificial intelligence and robotics is associated with the conceptual lack of resolution of the basic issues underlying modern models of legal regulation for anything: about the concept and general status of the phenomenon to be settled. With regard to the research topic, this translates into questions about the concept and legal personality of artificial intelligence. These questions represent a kind of logical metaphor: in order to start modeling the legal personality of artificial intelligence, we must first define its concept; and the legal concept of artificial intelligence will be formulated differently depending on whether we consider it as a subject or an object of law. The authors investigate the technical, moral and legal aspects of the problem concerning the status and understanding artificial intelligence, and draw conclusions about the basic conditions for the legal regulation of this area.

scholarly journals Legal Problems of Digitalization: Theoretical and Legal Aspects

Legal Concept ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Yana Gaivoronskaya ◽  
Olga Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Actual Change

Introduction: digitalization is an interdisciplinary problem, but the degree of its mediation by specialists in different fields varies significantly. The modern legal studies of digitalization are often haphazard and superficial. Lawyers are clearly lagging behind modern trends, which can create a number of serious problems in terms of the legal regulation and loss of humanitarian and legal values accumulated by humanity. This situation really creates a number of serious threats to the legal regulation, because technologies are developing, the number of rules associated with their use is increasing, and these rules are written by the experts in the field of digital economy and IT-technologies. The purpose of the study: to summarize the main theoretical and legal problems arising from the widespread introduction of digital technologies in the legal regulation and legal activity. Research objectives: to define the concept of digitalization; to consider the main trends of scientific research on issues related to the largescale spread of digitalization and artificial intelligence technologies; to identify and formulate the main problems of doctrinal and theoretical plan discussed by the legal community in the context of digitalization; to determine the limits of the real impact of new technologies on the social regulation. Methods: the system, structural and functional ones, the methods of analysis and synthesis, expert evaluation. Results: the paper systematizes the main problems of digitalization that concern modern lawyers. The problems of digitalization are divided into general social ones, concerning threats to the development of society as a whole, and special legal ones, concerning the actual change of the legal regulation and law in the era of digitalization. Conclusions: it is not technologies that need the legal regulation, but the relations with the use of technologies do. As for the “horror stories” about AI and total digitalization, most of the problems lie in the sphere of natural intelligence, not artificial one, in the sense that it is necessary to regulate the actions of natural intelligence carriers in the design of artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Creation of Vaccines and other Intellectual Property Objects (Legal Aspects)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
B. A. Shakhnazarov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Instruments

The paper is devoted to the issues associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in intellectual property objects, in particular vaccines, in the context of fight against a pandemic. It is emphasized that AI technologies allow us to overcome similar problems at the national and international levels and to prevent their recurrence in the future. The author highlights that the most important requirements for observance of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens consolidated in regulatory acts and impossibility of their restriction in AI technologies must be supplemented with clear rules regulating the legal framework of artificial intelligence, including intellectual activity, and responsibility of developers and AI users. At the same time, the AI legal personality also needs to be thoroughly elaborated with the focus on providing a reasonable balance of rights, responsibilities and eligibility among developers, AI users, and other addressees entering into legal relationships involving artificial intelligence. A key aspect in the context of the legal regulation of the results of intellectual activity created entirely or partially by artificial intelligence is represented by the balance between the interests of rights holders and the public interests. Possible restrictions of rights of copyright holders as established in international instruments (Para 31 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) should be accepted as a harmonizing basis and adopted in national legal systems. At the same time, rights holders must be provided with appropriate guarantees of respect for their rights (In particular, the non-exclusive nature of the use of intellectual rights in the context of such restrictions, payment of reasonable remuneration, etc.).

scholarly journals Medical Applications of Artificial Intelligence (Legal Aspects and Future Prospects)

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Andreevich Laptev ◽  
Inna Vladimirovna Ershova ◽  
Daria Rinatovna Feyzrakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Gradual Introduction

Background: Cutting-edge digital technologies are being actively introduced into healthcare. The recent successful efforts of artificial intelligence in diagnosing, predicting and studying diseases, as well as in surgical assisting demonstrate its high efficiency. The AI’s ability to promptly take decisions and learn independently has motivated large corporations to focus on its development and gradual introduction into everyday life. Legal aspects of medical activities are of particular importance, yet the legal regulation of AI’s performance in healthcare is still in its infancy. The state is to a considerable extent responsible for the formation of a legal regime that would meet the needs of modern society (digital society). Objective: This study aims to determine the possible modes of AI’s functioning, to identify the participants in medical-legal relations, to define the legal personality of AI and circumscribe the scope of its competencies. Of importance is the issue of determining the grounds for imposing legal liability on persons responsible for the performance of an AI system. Results: The present study identifies the prospects for a legal assessment of AI applications in medicine. The article reviews the sources of legal regulation of AI, including the unique sources of law sanctioned by the state. Particular focus is placed on medical-legal customs and medical practices. Conclusions: The presented analysis has allowed formulating the approaches to the legal regulation of AI in healthcare.

scholarly journals Modern Requirements of the Legal Support of Artificial Intelligence: a View from Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Shestak ◽  
Aleksander Volevodz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

At the present stage of the society’s development the artificial intelligence is quickly widening its possibilities. These changes raise the issue of applying norms, including international law norms, to solve problems connected with the essence and technical protocol of using artificial intelligence. The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of the creation and use of artificial intelligence and the development of the conceptual framework and the definition of artificial intelligence according to the widely recognized scientific theories; the analysis of doctrinal approaches to the understanding of the place of artificial intelligence in legal relations; the evidence that giving artificial intelligence the status of a person is not legally grounded; the critical analysis of the ideas put forward by some American researchers that artificial intelligence should comply with the whole set of laws currently used for its human producer and operator. The authors study the legislation on the legal regulation of relations between the human and artificial intelligence in such countries as the Republic of Korea, the USA, Japan, the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Estonia, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation, as well as the European Union. They present various approaches to the classification of artificial intelligence’s features. The authors also examine the problem of defining the legal personality of an «electronic person»; analyze the necessity of making the owner liable for the compensation of moral and material damage inflicted by the «electronic person». The article also discusses key problems of enforcing the legal norms regulating intellectual property and copyright, criminal liability and participation in criminal proceedings within the framework of using artificial intelligence. The authors analyze key risks and uncertainties connected with artificial intelligence and crucial for improving relevant legislation. They work out suggestions for the future discussion of the following issues: the applications of artificial intelligence at the contemporary stage; development prospects in this sector; legally relevant problems researched of this sphere and the problems connected with the use of the existing and the development of new autonomous intelligence systems; the development of new strategies and legal norms to bridge the gaps in the legal regulation of using artificial intelligence, including using it as a participant in criminal proceedings; creation of the concept of liability in the sphere of using artificial intelligence, including the criminal one.

THE CONCEPT OF "CREATOR" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Leyla Mobil Khankishiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
World Science ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Robotics

One of the realities of modern times is the evolution of new technologies around the world, as well as the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in different spheres of society. Artificial intelligence, which was founded in the middle of the last century, has been one of the most invested in and interesting fields in recent times. Recently one of the most discussed and important issues is the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and intellectual property rights (IPR). Thus, the ownership of works created by artificial intelligence is one of the most discussed issues. In recent years, on the initiative of President Ilham Aliyev, modern achievements of world science have been applied in the life of society in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Considering all of this, the significance and urgency of the situation are clear. In other words, this is an issue that is high on both our national and international agendas. Key words: Artificial intelligence technology, creative activity, concept of "author", “work made for hire” doctrine,computer-generated works

scholarly journals Legal Aspects of the Social Regulator of Contractual Relations in Labor Law of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Т. П. Голопич ◽  
І. М. Голопич
Keyword(s):  
Labor Law ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contractual Relations

Legal aspects of the social regulator of contractual relations in labor law of Ukraine have been revealed. The concept of social partnership and social dialogue as a legal regulatory mechanism of collective relations has been studied. Legal regulation of labor conditions at different levels, through agreements, reflecting the will and interests of the parties to the agreement, has been analyzed. It has been found out that the personal nature of work, the definition of the specific labor function, duration of working time, remuneration of labor, etc., shall be reflected in a contractual relationship, which requires new forms of relationship between a state, an employer and an employee. Such new forms are acts of social partnership representing the interests of employees, employers, and the state in general. Special attention in this process has been paid to the collective agreement, wherein the interests of the labor collective and the employer are reconciled. The significance of the collective agreement is enhanced in the context of the market economy transformation and the development of new forms of management. Based on international experience it has been proved that problems of economic and public life are addressed optimally, if the orientation is implemented not towards the confrontation, but towards the achievement of social compliance, adjustment of social partnership on the principles of cooperation between employers and employees, which are realized in forms of negotiations, the conclusion of collective agreements and collective arrangements, coordination of draft regulatory and legislative acts and consultation in decision-making by social partners at all levels. It has been defined that social partnership is implemented by means of social dialogue, as a set of coordination procedures of interests of association of employees, employers and the state. Social dialogue helps to provide social harmony and stability in the society, it addresses diverse social and economic problems; it is the universal mean of collective relations for each country, it takes into account its traditions and particularities, and it is based on the significant practical experience of real cooperation.

scholarly journals About Formation of International Ethical Digital Environment with Smart Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Evgeny Bryndin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Ethical Standard ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Robots

Intellectual agent ensembles allow you to create digital environment by professional images with language, behavioral and active communications, when images and communications are implemented by agents with smart artificial intelligence. Through language, behavioral and active communications, intellectual agents implement collective activities. The ethical standard through intelligent agents allows you to regulate the safe use of ensembles made of robots and digital doubles with creative communication artificial intelligence in the social sphere, industry and other professional fields. The use of intelligent agents with smart artificial intelligence requires responsibility from the developer and owner for harming others. If harm to others occurred due to the mistakes of the developer, then he bears responsibility and costs. If the damage to others occurred due to the fault of the owner due to non-compliance with the terms of use, then he bears responsibility and costs. Ethical standard and legal regulation help intellectual agents with intelligent artificial intelligence become professional members of society. Ensembles of intelligent agents ith smart artificial intelligence will be able to safely work with society as professional images with skills, knowledge and competencies, implemented in the form of retrained digital twins and cognitive robots that interact through language, behavioral and active ethical communications. Cognitive robots and digital doubles through self-developing ensembles of intelligent agents with synergistic interaction and intelligent artificial intelligence can master various high-tech professions and competencies. Their use in the industry increases labor productivity and economic efficiency of production. Their application in the social sphere improves the quality of life of a person and society. Their widespread application requires compliance with an ethical standard so that their use does not cause harm. The introduction and use of an ethical standard for the use of cognitive robots and digital doubles with smart artificial intelligence increases the safety of their use. Ethical relationships between individuals and intellectual agents will also be governed by an ethical standard.

scholarly journals TOPICAL ISSUES OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Anna Rozentsvaig ◽  
R. A. Vdovin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Education ◽  
World Class

The article deals with some directions of the research and educational policy development. The correlation of approaches to the development of the strategic academic leadership program and the world-class research and educational centers establishing, centers of competence development is analyzed. Engineering knowledge and technology are at the heart of the modern economy. Engineering methods, approaches, and technologies have permeated medicine, biology, agriculture, chemistry, and the development of new materials. Understanding the directions of technological development determines the prospects for creating and using new products. further development of the issue related to the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in the engine-building industry from the point of view of legal regulation will allow to consolidate the official legal status of such technologies at the legal level and regulate the algorithm and delimit the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The analysis of responses to the big challenges of scientific and technological development and the exhaustion of economic growth opportunities, the formation of the digital economy and the risks of reducing human resources. The development of international accreditation procedures is proposed. Keywords: Research; Education: Research and educational center: Competence development center; Artificial intelligence technologies: International accreditation.

scholarly journals Javnopravno uređenje zvanične toponimije - od državnog nivoa do nivoa lokalne samouprave / The Public Law Regulation of the Official Toponymy From State’s To Local Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Vladimir Đurić ◽  
Nevenko Vranješ
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
Law Regulation

It is the purpose of this paper to highlight the relation between official toponymy in comparative and domestic law. Toponymy is legally regulated. After the analyzing of the position of official toponymy in the comparative law, selected legal aspects of its regulation in the Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska legal systems are presented: the constitutional regulation of the names of country, constitutive unites and capitals, the constitutional and law regulation of the official use of language and script, the legal regulation of the local-self-government unit names and official place names, as well as the administrative procedure of the place names change.

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