Changes in Homogeneous degree Caused by Marine Oil Spill

Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in May, September and October 1993, this paper studies the surface horizontal distribution of PHC content in Jiaozhou Bay waters. According to the definition, model and classification of Yang Dongfang homogeneity theory of matter content in waters proposed by the author, the calculation results show that in May, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 46.86μg/L, and the homogeneity of PHC content was 8.15%. At this time, the PHC content had non-homogeneity; in September, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 6.53μg/L, and the homogeneous was 48.58%, on which the PHC content had a low degree of homogeneity; in October, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 0.40μg/L, and the homogeneity was 96.61%, on which the PHC content had a high degree of homogeneity. This shows that in May, in the entire waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was the only source of marine oil spill transportation, and the PHC content transported was 51.00μg/L, which was relatively high, resulting that the PHC content was unevenly distributed in the entire water body in the bay. In September, in the entire waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was only the source of marine oil spill transportation, and its PHC content was 12.70μg/L, which was relatively low. In this way, the distribution of PHC content in the entire water body was lowly homogeneous. In October, there was no source of PHC content in the bay, and the PHC content was relatively low. In this way, the distribution of PHC content in the entire water body was highly homogeneous. From May to September, the monthly decline rate of the PHC content from marine oil spill was 9.57μg/L, the monthly decline rate of the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 10.08μg/L, and the monthly increase rate of the homogeneity of PHC content was 10.10%. From September to October, the monthly decline rate of the PHC content of marine oil spill was 12.70μg/L, the monthly decline rate of the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 6.13μg/L, and the monthly increase rate of the homogeneity of PHC content was 48.03%. This fully reveals that the PHC content of marine oil spill is the driving force of its non-homogeneity in the water area, while the ocean tides and currents are the driving force of its homogeneity in the water area. Based on this, the author puts forward the theory of homogeneous distribution of material content: under the action of ocean tides and currents, the ocean has the characteristics of homogeneity, and the distribution of material content in the ocean water body shows homogeneity.

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Migration and changing law of PHC content under the action of ocean current

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125203048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 252 ◽

pp. 03048

Author(s):

Dongfang Yang ◽

Qing Li ◽

Haixia Li ◽

Dong Lin ◽

Qi Wang

Keyword(s):

Loss Rate ◽

Jiaozhou Bay ◽

Relative Number ◽

Absolute Number ◽

Ocean Current ◽

Rate Model ◽

Migration Process ◽

Marine Oil ◽

Material Content ◽

Relative Loss

According to the survey dataset of the waters of Jiaozhou Bay in May 1993, this paper studies the migration and changing process of PHC content caused by marine oil spill in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay. In May, take the center of eastern waters, H3107, as the source of marine oil spill, where PHC content is 51.00μg/L. Then a series of concentric circles with different gradients are formed with H3107 station as the center. The PHC content decreases from the high content of 51.00μg/L in the center to the surroundings along the gradient, to 4.16μg/L in the waters of bay mouth, 31.60μg/L in the central waters of the bay, 27.00μg/L in the northern waters, and 48.40μg/L in the northeast waters. According to the horizontal absolute loss rate model of material content, it can be calculated that the value of horizontal absolute loss rate of PHC content in the surface layer of the water body from the eastern center to the bay mouth in May is calculated to be 0.44 Yang Dongfang absolute number; to the central waters of the bay, 0.13 Yang Dongfang absolute number; to the northern waters of the bay, 0.33 Yang Dongfang absolute number; to the northeastern waters of the bay, 0.06 Yang Dongfang absolute number. According to the horizontal relative loss rate model of material content, it is calculated that in May, from the eastern central waters to the waters of bay mouth, the horizontal relative loss rate of PHC content in the surface layer of water body is 8.67 Yang Dongfang relative number; to the central waters of the bay, 2.72 Yang Dongfang relative number; to the northern waters of the bay, 6.47 Yang Dongfang relative number; to the northeastern waters of the bay, 1.33 Yang Dongfang relative number. Therefore, taking H3107, the central point in the eastern part of Jiaozhou Bay, as the source of marine oil spills, its PHC content decreases to the surroundings, whose horizontal absolute loss rate is within 0.06–0.44 Yang Dongfang absolute number and the horizontal relative loss rate is within 1.33–8.67 Yang Dongfang relative number. The order of the horizontal absolute (relative) loss rate of PHC content from low to high is: waters in the northeast of the bay < waters in the bay center < waters in the north of the bay < waters in the bay mouth. The Yang Dongfang horizontal loss rate model of material content reveals the migration and changing law of PHC content during the process of ocean current carrying PHC content: 1) In the downstream direction of the ocean current, the PHC content decreases at the slowest rate, and its loss is the smallest during the migration process. In the countercurrent direction of the ocean current, the PHC content declines the fastest, and the loss is greatest during the migration process. 2) In the downstream direction of the ocean current, as the migration distance continues to increase, the PHC content continues to decline and its loss is gradually increasing during the migration process. 3) In waters where the ocean current does not pass, the PHC content decreases slowly, and the PHC content reaches a relatively high value. During the migration process, its loss is relatively small. The PHC content reaches the waters where the ocean current does not pass, and the loss content is between the loss of the PHC content carried by the ocean current in the downstream direction and the upstream direction.

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The reduction process of petroleum content in marine oil spill in Jiaozhou Bay

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125203013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 252 ◽

pp. 03013

Author(s):

Dongfang Yang ◽

Haixia Li ◽

Dong Lin ◽

Yuan Zhang ◽

Qi Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Jiaozhou Bay ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Horizontal Distribution ◽

Water Quality Standards ◽

Marine Oil ◽

Time Changes

According to the survey data about the waters of Jiaozhou Bay in May, September, and October 1993, this paper studies the content of PHC and its horizontal distribution in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay. The result shows that the range of PHC content in the waters of Jiaozhou bay is 4.16–51.00μg/L, which conforms to the national first, second and third water quality standards. In terms of PHC content, the water quality of Jiaozhou Bay is slightly polluted by PHC content in May, September and October. In May, the range of PHC content in the water of Jiaozhou Bay is 4.16–51.00μg/L, which is slightly polluted by PHC content. In the center of east waters, the water quality is slightly polluted by PHC content and the range of PHC content in other water fields of Jiaozhou Bay is 4.16–48.40μg/L which indicates that the water quality is not polluted by PHC content. In September, the range of PHC content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay is 6.17–12.70μg/L, which is not polluted by PHC content. In October, the range of PHC content is 11.40–11.80μg/L, indicating that the waters of Jiaozhou Bay are not polluted by PHC. The content of PHC in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay only has one source, the transportation of marine oil spill, and the PHC content transported is 12.70–51.00μg/L. Therefore, as time changes, the ocean polluted by PHC content resulting from marine oil spill has gradually reduced over the course of the year. The marine oil spill has caused the waters in May to be slightly polluted by the PHC content. By September, the waters are not polluted by the PHC content. And then, in October, the marine oil spill has disappeared.

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Status on marine oil spill preparedness and response in oil and gas operations in Indonesia

10.29118/ipa.1438.135.145 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

M. Maloringan

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Marine Oil ◽

Oil And Gas Operations

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The Mauritius Oil Spill: What’s Next?

Pollutants ◽

10.3390/pollutants1010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 18-28

Author(s):

Davide Seveso ◽

Yohan Didier Louis ◽

Simone Montano ◽

Paolo Galli ◽

Francesco Saliu

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Local Population ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Biological Impact ◽

Marine Oil ◽

Restoration Techniques

In light of the recent marine oil spill that occurred off the coast of Mauritius (Indian Ocean), we comment here the incident, the containment method used by the local population, the biological impact of oil spill on two sensitive tropical marine ecosystems (coral reefs and mangrove forests), and we suggest monitoring and restoration techniques of the impacted ecosystems based on recent research advancements.

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Integrating marine oil snow and MOSSFA into oil spill response and damage assessment

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 112025

Author(s):

Jesse Ross ◽

David Hollander ◽

Susan Saupe ◽

Adrian B. Burd ◽

Sherryl Gilbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Damage Assessment ◽

Marine Oil ◽

Oil Spill Response

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Downscaling MODIS Surface Reflectance to Improve Water Body Extraction

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2015/424291 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xianghong Che ◽

Min Feng ◽

Hao Jiang ◽

Jia Song ◽

Bei Jia

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Body ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Water Area ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Surface Reflectance ◽

Discrimination Ability ◽

Automated Method ◽

Landsat 7

Inland surface water is essential to terrestrial ecosystems and human civilization. Accurate mapping of surface water dynamic is vital for both scientific research and policy-driven applications. MODIS provides twice observation per day, making it perfect for monitoring temporal water dynamic. Although MODIS provides two bands at 250 m resolution, accurately deriving water area always depends on observations from the spectral bands with 500 m resolution, which limits its discrimination ability over small lakes and rivers. The paper presents an automated method for downscaling the 500 m MODIS surface reflectance (SR) to 250 m to improve the spatial discrimination of water body extraction. The method has been tested at Co Ngoin and Co Bangkog in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The downscaled SR and the derived water bodies were compared to SR and water body mapped from Landsat-7 ETM+ images were acquired on the same date. Consistency metrics were calculated to measure their agreement and disagreement. The comparisons indicated that the downscaled MODIS SR showed significant improvement over the original 500 m observations when compared with Landsat-7 ETM+ SR, and both commission and omission errors were reduced in the derived 250 m water bodies.

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Marine Oil Slick Detection Using Improved Polarimetric Feature Parameters Based on Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13091607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1607

Author(s):

Guannan Li ◽

Ying Li ◽

Yongchao Hou ◽

Xiang Wang ◽

Lin Wang

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Synthetic Aperture ◽

Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽

Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽

Marine Oil ◽

Oil Spill Detection ◽

Oil Slick ◽

Feature Parameters ◽

Aperture Radar

Marine oil spill detection is vital for strengthening the emergency commands of oil spill accidents and repairing the marine environment after a disaster. Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (Pol-SAR) can obtain abundant information of the targets by measuring their complex scattering matrices, which is conducive to analyze and interpret the scattering mechanism of oil slicks, look-alikes, and seawater and realize the extraction and detection of oil slicks. The polarimetric features of quad-pol SAR have now been extended to oil spill detection. Inspired by this advancement, we proposed a set of improved polarimetric feature combination based on polarimetric scattering entropy H and the improved anisotropy A12–H_A12. The objective of this study was to improve the distinguishability between oil slicks, look-alikes, and background seawater. First, the oil spill detection capability of the H_A12 combination was observed to be superior than that obtained using the traditional H_A combination; therefore, it can be adopted as an alternate oil spill detection strategy to the latter. Second, H(1 − A12) combination can enhance the scattering randomness of the oil spill target, which outperformed the remaining types of polarimetric feature parameters in different oil spill scenarios, including in respect to the relative thickness information of oil slicks, oil slicks and look-alikes, and different types of oil slicks. The evaluations and comparisons showed that the proposed polarimetric features can indicate the oil slick information and effectively suppress the sea clutter and look-alike information.

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