scholarly journals Development of self-pollinated maize lines based on the teosinte collection of the N.I. Vavilov institute of plant industry (VIR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Safar Appaev ◽  
Alan Kagermazov ◽  
Azamat Khachidogov ◽  
Murat Bizhoev ◽  
Eduard Khatefov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Properties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The decline in the genetic polymorphism in maize is a cause of concern for many breeders. VIR maize collection represents the world’s maize variety over the past 100 years. The results of the study of maize quantitative properties based on 169 samples from the VIR collection created with the teosinte are shown. KB 595 hybrid, which belongs to the late-season group and is prone to multi-cob was used as a standard. Sowing and evaluation of phenotypic traits were carried out for 2 years in the foothills of Kabardino-Balkaria, in conditions of sufficient soil moisture, in the optimal time. All measurements were carried out on 10 plants with average values of 2 years and an LSD0.05. The results of the research allocated a core collection of 21 samples that promising for hybrid maize breeding and are characterized by significant height and leafiness of the stem, as well as a tendency to form 2 or more cobs on one stem. It has been suggested that the involvement of the selected core collection of 21 samples in thybrid maize breeding programs will significantly expand its genetic polymorphism and increase grain yield in hybrid combinations.

scholarly journals A Modified Roger’s Distance Algorithm for Mixed Quantitative–Qualitative Phenotypes to Establish a Core Collection for Taiwanese Vegetable Soybeans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Feng Kao ◽  
Shan-Syue He ◽  
Chang-Sheng Wang ◽  
Zheng-Yuan Lai ◽  
Da-Gin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
Redundant Accessions ◽  
High Diversity

Vegetable soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have characteristics of larger seeds, less beany flavor, tender texture, and green-colored pods and seeds. Rich in nutrients, vegetable soybeans are conducive to preventing neurological disease. Due to the change of dietary habits and increasing health awareness, the demand for vegetable soybeans has increased. To conserve vegetable soybean germplasms in Taiwan, we built a core collection of vegetable soybeans, with minimum accessions, minimum redundancy, and maximum representation. Initially, a total of 213 vegetable soybean germplasms and 29 morphological traits were used to construct the core collection. After redundant accessions were removed, 200 accessions were retained as the entire collection, which was grouped into nine clusters. Here, we developed a modified Roger’s distance for mixed quantitative–qualitative phenotypes to select 30 accessions (denoted as the core collection) that had a maximum pairwise genetic distance. No significant differences were observed in all phenotypic traits (p-values > 0.05) between the entire and the core collections, except plant height. Compared to the entire collection, we found that most traits retained diversities, but seven traits were slightly lost (ranged from 2 to 9%) in the core collection. The core collection demonstrated a small percentage of significant mean difference (3.45%) and a large coincidence rate (97.70%), indicating representativeness of the entire collection. Furthermore, large values in variable rate (149.80%) and coverage (92.5%) were in line with high diversity retained in the core collection. The results suggested that phenotype-based core collection can retain diversity and genetic variability of vegetable soybeans, providing a basis for further research and breeding programs.

scholarly journals Generation mean analysis for grain yield and its components in popcorn

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Muhammad Noor ◽  
Durri Shahwar ◽  
Mukhtar Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractKnowledge about genetic composition of a character helps plant breeders to plan their breeding programs. Grain yield and related traits are very important in maize breeding programs. In our experiment four each of parents, F1s, F2s, BC1s and BC2s were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshehra and Agriculture University Peshawar. The experimental material at both locations were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. In all crosses dominance gene action was found to be important in the inheritance of ear diameter, ear length, percent shelling and grain yield. Additive genetic effects were found negative and non-significant in all four crosses for percent shelling. Duplicate type of non-allelic interactions was observed for shelling percentage in all crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in cross, PS-1 × BD-1 and PS-2 × BD-1 for ear length. For grain yield both complementary and duplicate type of epistasis were observed. Additive genetic effects werefound significant with positive and negative magnitude in two crosses each. It is concluded that crosses, where dominant gene action was found predominant, should be effectively utilized in hybrid maize programs for improved grain yield and related traits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genotype x environment interactions in maize hybrids using GGE biplot analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Aykut Tonk ◽  
Emre Ilker ◽  
Muzaffer Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Seventeen hybrid maize genotypes were evaluated at four different locations in 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons under irrigated conditions in Turkey. The analysis of variance showed that mean squares of environments (E), genotypes (G) and GE interactions (GEI) were highly significant and accounted for 74, 7 and 19 % of treatment combination sum squares, respectively. To determine the effects of GEI on grain yield, the data were subjected to the GGE biplot analysis. Maize hybrid G16 can be proposed as reliably growing in test locations for high grain yield. Also, only the Yenisehir location could be best representative of overall, locations for deciding about which experimental hybrids can be recommended for grain yield in this study. Consequently, using of grain yield per plant instead of grain yield per plot in hybrid maize breeding programs could be preferred by private companies due to some advantages.

scholarly journals Keragaan Agronomi dan Potensi Hasil Genotipe Jagung (Zea mays L.) Generasi S1 dan S2 di Dua Lokasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Umi Salamah ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Hajrial Aswidinnoor ◽  
Dan Anggi Nindita
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
Augmented Design ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Hybrid maize breeding relies on the availability of good performing inbred lines with superior combining ability. The objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate genetic paramters and heritability for agronomic and yield traits, (2) estimate correlations among traits, and (3) estimate selection-balanced inbreeding depression level from S1 to S2 generations. The S1 trial was planted from June to September 2014 at two locations, followed by the S2 trial from January to May 2015 at the same locations. Each trials was arranged in an augmented design with three blocks consisting of 72 unreplicated test genotypes, 3 unreplicated inbred lines, and 5 replicated commercial hybrid varieties as checks. The results showed that the heritability estimates were medium to high for most observed traits. Best yielding genotypes in S1 and S2 generations were derived from P27xNK6326, Pertiwi3xP31, NK6326xP31, P31xNK6326, and P31xNK33 populations. Grain yield was positively correlated with plant height, ear height, ear length, and ear diameter in S1 and S2 generations. The S2 generation exhibited inbreeding depression for grain yield. The estimates of heritability, correlations, and inbreeding depression obtained from this study could be useful for selection in corn breeding programs.<br /><br />Keywords: correlation, heritability, inbreeding depression<br /><br />

Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: Comparison between selection criteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. H. Longin ◽  
H. F. Utz ◽  
A. E. Melchinger ◽  
J.C. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Optimum Allocation ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Breeding Resources

The optimum allocation of breeding resources is crucial for the efficiency of breeding programmes. The objectives were to (i) compare selection gain ΔGk for finite and infinite sample sizes, (ii) compare ΔGk and the probability of identifying superior hybrids (Pk), and (iii) determine the optimum allocation of the number of hybrids and test locations in hybrid maize breeding using doubled haploids. Infinite compared to finite sample sizes led to almost identical optimum allocation of test resources, but to an inflation of ΔGk. This inflation decreased as the budget and the number of finally selected hybrids increased. A reasonable Pk was reached for hybrids belonging to the q = 1% best of the population. The optimum allocations for Pk(q) and ΔGkwere similar, indicating that Pk(q) is promising for optimizing breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Selection Signatures Underlying Dramatic Male Inflorescence Transformation During Modern Hybrid Maize Breeding

Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 210 (3) ◽  
pp. 1125-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Gage ◽  
Michael R. White ◽  
Jode W. Edwards ◽  
Shawn Kaeppler ◽  
Natalia de Leon
Keyword(s):  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Male Inflorescence ◽  
Hybrid Maize

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis, Progress and Future Perspectives in Dairy Cattle Selection: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Gutierrez-Reinoso ◽  
Pedro M. Aponte ◽  
Manuel Garcia-Herreros
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Selection Of

Genomics comprises a set of current and valuable technologies implemented as selection tools in dairy cattle commercial breeding programs. The intensive progeny testing for production and reproductive traits based on genomic breeding values (GEBVs) has been crucial to increasing dairy cattle productivity. The knowledge of key genes and haplotypes, including their regulation mechanisms, as markers for productivity traits, may improve the strategies on the present and future for dairy cattle selection. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) such as quantitative trait loci (QTL), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) methods have already been included in global dairy programs for the estimation of marker-assisted selection-derived effects. The increase in genetic progress based on genomic predicting accuracy has also contributed to the understanding of genetic effects in dairy cattle offspring. However, the crossing within inbred-lines critically increased homozygosis with accumulated negative effects of inbreeding like a decline in reproductive performance. Thus, inaccurate-biased estimations based on empirical-conventional models of dairy production systems face an increased risk of providing suboptimal results derived from errors in the selection of candidates of high genetic merit-based just on low-heritability phenotypic traits. This extends the generation intervals and increases costs due to the significant reduction of genetic gains. The remarkable progress of genomic prediction increases the accurate selection of superior candidates. The scope of the present review is to summarize and discuss the advances and challenges of genomic tools for dairy cattle selection for optimizing breeding programs and controlling negative inbreeding depression effects on productivity and consequently, achieving economic-effective advances in food production efficiency. Particular attention is given to the potential genomic selection-derived results to facilitate precision management on modern dairy farms, including an overview of novel genome editing methodologies as perspectives toward the future.

Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids. IV. Number versus size of crosses and importance of parental selection in two-stage selection for testcross performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilo Wegenast ◽  
C. Friedrich H. Longin ◽  
H. Friedrich Utz ◽  
Albrecht E. Melchinger ◽  
Hans Peter Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Parental Selection ◽  
Testcross Performance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hybrid Maize

scholarly journals Screening of the Argentinean INTA peanut core collection with a molecular marker associated with resistance to Sclerotinia minor Jaggar

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
K.D. Chamberlin ◽  
J.J. Baldessari ◽  
E.M.C. Mamani ◽  
M.V. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Potential Sources

ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut, the third most important oilseed in the world, is consistently threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in many countries and can reduce yield by up to 50% in severely infested fields. Host plant resistance will provide the most effective solution to managing Sclerotinia blight, but limited sources of resistance to the disease are available for use in breeding programs. Peanut germplasm collections are available for exploration and identification of new sources of resistance, but traditionally the process is lengthy, requiring years of field testing before those potential sources can be identified. Molecular markers associated with phenotypic traits can speed up the screening of germplasm accessions. The objective of this study was to genotype the peanut core collection of the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Manfredi, Argentina, with a molecular marker associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance. One hundred and fifty-four (154) accessions from the collection were available and genotyped using the Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker. Accessions from each botanical variety type represented in the core collection were identified as new potential sources of resistance and targeted for further evaluation in field tests for Sclerotinia blight resistance.

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