scholarly journals Cohydrothermal carbonization of waste polyvinyl chloride and wood chip for dechlorination

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
K Kusakabe ◽  
T Steven ◽  
JY Ong ◽  
Y Uemura ◽  
K Ikenaga
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Pvc Film ◽  
Recycling Of Wastes

The co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film and wood chip (WC) was conducted at 200-260oC in an autoclave filled in air or nitrogen for the chemical recycling of wastes with dechlorination of PVC. Effects of the Co-HTC temperature and the oxidation reaction during the Co-HTC on the decomposition behaviors were investigated. The percentage decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere increased with increasing the reaction temperature and reached 76.1% at 260oC. The percentage decompositions in nitrogen were several percent higher than those in air. The synergistic effect of PVC and WC for the decomposition was observed at 220oC in N2. When the Co-HTC was performed in air, decomposition was suppressed, indicating the increase in hydrochar yield. The dechlorination yield was determined from the Cl content in the recovered PVC after the Co-HTC reaction. Under nitrogen atmosphere conditions, the dechlorination yield increased slightly with increasing the temperature. At a carbonization temperature of 260oC, the dechlorination yield of PVC was about 40%.

Effect of hydrothermal carbonization temperature on combustion behavior of hydrochar fuel from paper sludge

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousheng Lin ◽  
Xiaoqian Ma ◽  
Xiaowei Peng ◽  
Shanchao Hu ◽  
Zhaosheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Combustion Behavior

Preparation of highly dispersed carbon supported AuPt nanoparticles via a capping agent-free route for efficient methanol oxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Lu ◽  
Yao Nie ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Guangping Wu ◽  
Lingjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Highly Dispersed

Bimetallic AuPt catalysts were synthesized via a facile capping agent-free route. Compared to the catalysts with too much Pt on the surface, the surface Pt-rich catalysts with a few exposed Au atoms exhibit the enhanced methanol oxidation reaction activity due to the stronger synergistic effect between Pt and Au.

scholarly journals Tailoring the porosity of chemically activated hydrothermal carbons: Influence of the precursor and hydrothermal carbonization temperature

Carbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Falco ◽  
J.P. Marco-Lozar ◽  
D. Salinas-Torres ◽  
E. Morallón ◽  
D. Cazorla-Amorós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Carbonization Temperature

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF N-DOPING TO THE PORE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM VETIVER ROOT DISTILLATION WASTE

Metalurgi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohana Fransiska Ferawati ◽  
Ratna Frida Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Nitrogen Functional Group

This work studied the effect of nitrogen functional group modification on activated carbon synthesized from vetiver root waste on pores development. Synthesis of activated carbon was carried out by hydrothermal carbonization of vetiver root waste at a temperature of 225 ⁰C for 18 hours followed by chemical activation using K2FeO4as activated agent in a furnace at temperature of 800 ⁰C for 2 hours with nitrogen atmosphere flowed at a rate of 100 mL/minute. Urea was used as a nitrogen source. The variation of urea concentration was 1:0 (AC0–800), 1:3 (AC3–800) and 1:5 (AC5–800). The results showed that these activated carbons have mesoporous characteristics with the largest Brunauer Emmett Teller (SBET) surface area of 552.90 m2g-1 and average pore width 3,43 nm. The presence of nitrogen functional group was observed in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis. Synthesis of activated carbon from vetiver root waste with an addition of urea is the newest method to produce mesoporous activated carbon for electrode and  support catalyst purposes.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: Multi-response optimization of hydrochar production and CO2-assisted gasification performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Guo ◽  
DanDan Xu ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Xingcan Li ◽  
Chenchen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Response Optimization ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Processing Techniques

Abstract The harmful effects of improper sewage sludge (SS) treatment on the environment inspire the search for more benign sludge processing techniques such as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC); the abundant organic matter in SS is used for energy recovery. Herein, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the HTC-based preparation of SS hydrochar and its gasification performance. Specifically, the hydrochar yield, higher heating value (HHV), and gasification activity index were selected as optimization goals, while carbonization temperature (160–260°C), residence time (30–150 min), and acetic acid concentration (0–1.5 M) were selected as factors influencing the HTC process and CO2-assisted gasification performance. Carbonization temperature was the dominant parameter determining hydrochar yield, HHV, and gasification activity. The hydrochar yield (82.69%) and calorific value (7820.99 kJ kg−1) were maximized under comparatively mild conditions (160°C, 30 min, and 0.07 M acetic acid), whereas the gasification activity index (0.288 s−1) was maximized under harsher conditions (211.34°C, 88.16 min, and 1.58 M acetic acid). The obtained results help to guide the HTC of SS intended for gasification, thus promoting the development of this promising waste-to-energy technology, and may facilitate the design and further optimization of thermochemical SS conversion.

Studies on the bacterial flora of vacuum-packaged fresh beef

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Roth ◽  
D. S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Vacuum Packaging ◽  
Pvc Film ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Vacuum-packaging of fresh beef in a gas-impermeable film (vinyldene chloride – vinyl chloride copolymer), as compared to packaging in a gas-permeable film (polyvinyl chloride), reduced the growth rates of most incident bacteria (lower total aerobic and anaerobic counts), favored the development of lactobacilli, and markedly increased the odor and color shelf life during storage at 5 °C. The growth rate of both aerobes and anaerobes on meat packaged in vinyldene chloride (VC) film was about 1/8 of that of meat packaged in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film. The flora of VC-packaged samples consisted largely of lactobacilli (50–70%) while that of PVC-packaged samples consisted mostly of pigmented pseudomonads and M. thermosphactum (collectively 60%). Exposure of VC-packaged samples to air changed the microflora to one resembling that of samples initially packaged in PVC film. VC-packaged meat did not undergo noticeable changes in odor or color even after 32 days of storage while meat stored in PVC developed off-color (brown) and off-odor (putrid) in 5 days. The color shelf life in PVC film of beef previously stored in VC film was 3 days regardless of how long the meat was stored in the latter film before repackaging.

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