scholarly journals Energy, environmental and economic analysis of electric vapour compression and gas driven absorption heat pumps for single-family houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Giorgio Villa ◽  
Rossano Scoccia ◽  
Tommaso Toppi ◽  
Marcello Aprile
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Emission System ◽  
Operative Costs ◽  
Vapour Compression

The aim of this paper is to compare energy consumptions, CO2 emissions, and operative costs of condensing boilers, electric vapour compression heat pumps and gas driven absorption heat pumps to provide space heating and domestic hot water. The analysis is performed for 140 m2 single-family houses in five different Italian cities whose envelope features depend on the location. For each location, two different envelope conditions are considered. The first one is a non-insulated building, while the second one is the same building, but an external thermal insulation is added on vertical walls and roof. To avoid internal renovation, radiators are maintained as emission system. Combined dynamic simulations are performed to appreciate building and system interactions. A 6 second time step is set to evaluate properly interactions and the DHW profile demand. In addition, the GHP dynamic model is a grey box model experimentally validated. The results show that electric vapour compression heat pumps reach the highest non-renewable primary energy savings (>32%) compared to condensing boilers, but their operative costs are higher due to the higher specific cost of electricity in Italy. Gas driven absorption heat pumps achieve a lower consumption reduction than electric heat pumps (>22%), but they have also the minimum operative cost among the three technologies.

scholarly journals Energy and Economic Assessment of Energy Efficiency Options for Energy Districts: Case Studies in Italy and Egypt

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012
Author(s):  
Francesco Calise ◽  
Francesco L. Cappiello ◽  
Maria Vicidomini ◽  
Jian Song ◽  
Antonio M. Pantaleo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
District Heating System

In this research, a technoeconomic comparison of energy efficiency options for energy districts located in different climatic areas (Naples, Italy and Fayoum, Egypt) is presented. A dynamic simulation model based on TRNSYS is developed to evaluate the different energy efficiency options, which includes different buildings of conceived districts. The TRNSYS model is integrated with the plug-in Google SketchUp TRNSYS3d to estimate the thermal load of the buildings and the temporal variation. The model considers the unsteady state energy balance and includes all the features of the building’s envelope. For the considered climatic zones and for the different energy efficiency measures, primary energy savings, pay back periods and reduced CO2 emissions are evaluated. The proposed energy efficiency options include a district heating system for hot water supply, air-to-air conventional heat pumps for both cooling and space heating of the buildings and the integration of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems. The energy actions are compared to baseline scenarios, where the hot water and space heating demand is satisfied by conventional natural gas boilers, the cooling demand is met by conventional air-to-air vapor compression heat pumps and the electric energy demand is satisfied by the power grid. The simulation results provide valuable guidance for selecting the optimal designs and system configurations, as well as suggest guidelines to policymakers to define decarbonization targets in different scenarios. The scenario of Fayoum offers a savings of 67% in primary energy, but the associated payback period extends to 23 years due to the lower cost of energy in comparison to Naples.

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolando M. Kisse ◽  
Martin Braun ◽  
Simon Letzgus ◽  
Tanja M. Kneiske
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Public Data

Next to building insulation, heat pumps driven by electrical compressors (eHPs) or by gas engines (geHPs) can be used to reduce primary energy demand for heating. They come with different investment requirements, operating costs and emissions caused. In addition, they affect both the power and gas grids, which necessitates the assessment of both infrastructures regarding grid expansion planning. To calculate costs and CO2 emissions, 2000 electrical load profiles and 180 different heat demand profiles for single-family homes were simulated and heat pump models were applied. In a case study for a neighborhood energy model, the load profiles were assigned to buildings in an example town using public data on locations, building age and energetic refurbishment variants. In addition, the town’s gas distribution network and low voltage grid were modeled. Power and gas flows were simulated and costs for required grid extensions were calculated for 11% and 16% heat pump penetration. It was found that eHPs have the highest energy costs but will also have the lowest CO2 emissions by 2030 and 2050. For the investigated case, power grid investments of 11,800 euros/year are relatively low compared to gas grid connection costs of 70,400 euros/year. If eHPs and geHPs are combined, a slight reduction of overall costs is possible, but emissions would rise strongly compared to the all-electric case.

scholarly journals Influence of Atlantic Microclimates in Northern Spain on the Environmental Performance of Lightweight Concrete Single-Family Houses

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4337
Author(s):  
Daniel González-Prieto ◽  
Yolanda Fernández-Nava ◽  
Elena Marañón ◽  
Maria Manuela Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Northern Spain

The use of lightweight concrete for the construction of single-family houses has become increasingly popular in Spain. In this paper, single-family houses with different shape factors and window-to-wall ratios are analysed from both a thermal and environmental perspective using Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) software to calculate the energy demand. The study has been carried out for different Atlantic microclimates (coastal, inland, and mountain) in northern Spain. What most affects the thermal energy used for air conditioning is the variation of the microclimates, so the study focuses mainly on this aspect. Operational energy for heating has decreased greatly via the use of high degree of insulation and hence the next task is to decrease the total energy consumed taking into account the embodied energy. Impacts on Primary Energy and Global Warming Potential are calculated using a cradle-to-grave approach. The energy use for heating and domestic hot water is analysed for different thicknesses of insulation under three energy supply scenarios: electricity only (for 2018 and with the Spanish decarbonisation plan for 2030); heat pump plus electricity; and natural gas boiler. Even for houses with a good level of insulation, the ratio of operational-to-total impacts varies significantly: from 46% to 87% for primary energy and from 31% to 75% for global warming potential, depending on the shape factor of the house, the microclimate and the heat supply scenario. By applying future environmental policies, electricity can become a more environmentally friendly option than natural gas.

scholarly journals Contributions to System Integration of PV and PVT Collectors with Heat Pumps in Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01061
Author(s):  
Manuel Koch ◽  
Ralf Dott
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Feasible Range ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
The Impact

A common approach to improve self-consumption of photovoltaic (PV) generation in buildings with heat pumps (HP) is to overload the thermal storage capacities during times with surplus PV generation (hereinafter referred to as thermal overloading). The impact of battery capacity and domestic hot water (DHW) consumption on the effectiveness of this method in a single-family home (SFH) is evaluated through numerical simulations. Increased battery capacity is shown to decrease the effectiveness of thermal overloading. Regarding DHW consumption, temporal concentration is shown to have a stronger influence on the effectiveness of thermal overloading than total energy. Furthermore, the potential of photovoltaic-thermal collectors (PVT) as heat exchangers for air/brine/water heat pumps (ABWHP) is estimated. The results show that the properties of PVT collectors with high thermal conductivity are in the feasible range for application in a well-insulated SFH in Central European climate.

scholarly journals Investigation of temperature drop in domestic hot water circuit

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00158
Author(s):  
Ilona Rzeźnik
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Circulation Pump ◽  
Family House

The results of experimental investigation of determining the time of temperature drop in domestic hot water circuit were presented in this paper on the example of single-family house. The test were carried out on vertical sections of installations made of PE-X/Al/PE pipes (cross-linked polyethylene and aluminum) with and without insulation. The temperature drop process was investigated in temperature range typical for domestic hot water installation from 55ºC to 40ºC. On the basis of the obtained results with appropriate adjustment of the working time of circulation pump, energy savings of 90% were achieved.

scholarly journals The choice of appropriate generator systems to enhance the renewable energy share in buildings. A comparison between PV-assisted heat pumps and biomass boilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Roberto Bruno ◽  
Piero Bevilacqua ◽  
Stefania Perrella ◽  
Daniela Cirone ◽  
Natale Arcuri
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Certification Procedure ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Energy Share

Low-energy buildings are generally equipped with generation systems driven by renewable sources. Regarding heating and DHW production, two choices appear appropriate: PV assisted heat pumps and biomass boilers. In this paper, by means of TRNSYS dynamic simulations, the non-renewable primary energy was determined for two buildings located in different climatic contexts by varying the PV size to consider the actual self-consumed electricity of commercial devices. Results showed that in cold climates biomass boilers are more suggested, especially in unfavourable climatic zones, whereas the COP of air-water heat pumps is strongly penalized by the outdoor temperatures and in many cases the self-consumed PV electricity does not limit the grid intervention adequately. However, in building with limited thermal energy demands and in favorable climates, suitable PV sizes make heat pumps more performant than biomass boilers. The same calculations were conducted with the quasi-steady approach, in accordance with the Italian building energy certification procedure, observing a favorable scenario in a heating plant equipped with a PV assisted heat pump because it assumes the renewable electricity entirely absorbed, while the accounting of the actual self-consumed share produces a greater demand of non-renewable energy.

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature of waste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses of integrating backpressure turbine of a power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency of the primary fuel is calculated for different operating range of the heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperature difference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit. 

scholarly journals Building hvac retrofitting using a pv assisted dc heat pump coupled with a pcm heat battery and optimal control algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore Zanetti ◽  
Rossano Scoccia ◽  
Marcello Aprile ◽  
Mario Motta ◽  
Livio Mazzarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Dynamic Simulations

In the last years, the EU and scientific community put a lot of effort in trying to increase the sustainability in renovated buildings by introducing novel concepts and technologies. This paper presents the outcomes of a retrofit case study carried out within the Heat4Cool H2020 project concerning space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) systems. The case study is a multi-family residential building located in Chorzow, Poland, where the SH and DHW are provided by natural gas boilers present in each apartment. The proposed approach is to combine the existing gas boilers with phase change material storages (PCM) and a direct current air source heat pump (DC-EHP) assisted by a photovoltaic system (PV) connected to the grid. TRNSYS was used for the dynamic simulations, and to support the introduction of the retrofit layout. New custom TRNSYS’ types were developed for each technology and tested against experimental data provided by industrial partners. Furthermore, a state-of-the-art rule-based controller was developed combining TRNSYS with a MATLAB’s script and tested against an interior point optimal control algorithm. In the best-case scenario the yearly primary energy savings are more than 30% accounting for the PV energy sold to the grid and around 11% considering only self-consumption, while the pay-back time is around 10 years considering EU28 economic conditions and 20% overall discount for the renovation project.

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