scholarly journals Mapping Tsunami Vulnerability Area for Bacan Sub-District and Its Surroundings – North Maluku Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 04024
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ridwan Lessy ◽  
Mesrawaty Sabar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
Gis Software

This research aims to explore tsunami-prone areas in the Bacan and South Bacan districts of South Halmahera Regency. The findings of this research are planned to assist all stakeholders, particularly in developing disaster risk assessment sheets. To estimate the tsunami hazard map, the susceptibility of the elevation, slope, river distance, and coastal distance was collected. Overlaying thematic maps were used assisted by GIS software. The result shows that the low and very low tsunami vulnerability areas were safe from tsunami inundation predominate in the Eastern part and Northern part of the study area while the area designated as very vulnerable covered 157,10 hectares. These locations may have sustained the most damage from a tsunami catastrophe due to their proximity to the sea, low terrain and slope, and dense population. In consideration of the tsunami disasters in Aceh, we anticipate that tsunami risk maps will support in the initiation of humanitarian and development activities in North Maluku Province.

scholarly journals Case study: mapping the tsunami-hazard zone in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, in Padang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Leli Honesti ◽  
Meli Muchlian
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Nested Grid ◽  
Inundation Map ◽  
Run Up

A tsunami hazard is an adverse event that causes damage to properties and loss of life. The problem in assessing a tsunami risk zone for a small area is significant, as available tsunami inundation zone data does not give detailed information for tsunami inundation and run-up in every nested grid. Hence, this study aims to establish a tsunami risk map in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, Padang, Indonesia. The map was carried out in every nested grid point of the area and on a large scale (1:5,000). The TUNAMI N3 program was used for the simulation of the tsunami inundation. A tsunami assessment was made through simulations in nine scenarios of fault parameter data for Sipora block earthquakes. The result of the study provides a tsunami inundation map. Furthermore, this tsunami inundation map can be used for communities, local authorities, government, and others for many studies, and decision-makers can come up with mitigation plans for a small study area.

Numerical Study on Spatial Correlation Characteristics of Tsunami Inundation Depth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Fukutani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Tsunami Risk

<p>For a probabilistic tsunami risk assessment of multiple sites, it is important to consider the spatial correlation between tsunami inundation depth and the sites because it affects the aggregated probability distribution of site damages. Various uncertainties such as ground motion, building response characteristics, and material strength are considered in the probabilistic seismic risk assessment. However, any research that evaluates the spatial correlation characteristics of tsunamis is yet to be reported. In this study, we evaluate the macro spatial correlation coefficient of the tsunami inundation depth according to the relative distance in the tsunami run-up region. We firstly constructed the fault parameters of the Sagami trough earthquake which has a large slip off the Kanto area in Japan. The moment magnitude of the earthquake is 8.7, and there are 6,149 small faults. Using the initial water level calculated from the earthquake parameters as input data, we solved the continuous equation and 2D linear long wave equation, targeting Zushi city, Kanagawa Prefecture. The maximum tsunami inundation depth was 8.71 m. We regressed the exponential function (<em>ρ(x) = aexp(bx) + cexp(dx)</em>) for the relationship between the distance from the coastline and the tsunami inundation depth. As a result, we obtained an evaluation formula with a relatively high accuracy. The coefficient were a = 0.4555, b = −0.1653, c = 0.5434, d = −0.007345 and the determination coefficient was 0.992. The results of this study can be used for a probabilistic tsunami risk assessment for multiple sites.</p>

scholarly journals Probabilistic tsunami inundation assessment of Kuroshio Town,Kochi Prefecture, Japan considering the Nankai-Tonankai megathrust rupture scenarios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuichiro Goda ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
Nobuhito Mori ◽  
Ario Muhammad ◽  
Raffaele De Risi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Coastal Defense ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Hazard Assessments ◽  
Tsunami Scenarios ◽  
Management Council ◽  
Kochi Prefecture

Abstract. The Nankai-Tonankai megathrust earthquake and tsunami pose significant risks to coastal communities in western and central Japan. Historically, this seismic region hosted many major earthquakes, and the current national tsunami hazard assessments in Japan consider megathrust events having moment magnitudes between 9.0 and 9.1. In responding to the lack of rigorous uncertainty analysis, this study presents an extensive tsunami hazard assessment for the Nankai-Tonankai Trough events, focusing upon the southwestern Pacific region of Japan. A set of 1,000 kinematic earthquake rupture models is generated via stochastic source modelling approaches, and Monte Carlo tsunami simulations are carried out by considering high-resolution grid data of 10-m and coastal defense structures. Significant advantages of the stochastic tsunami simulation methods include the enhanced capabilities to quantify the uncertainty associated with tsunami hazard assessments and to effectively visualize the results in an integrated manner. The results from the stochastic tsunami simulations can inform regional and local tsunami risk reduction actions in light of inevitable uncertainty associated with such probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments, and complement conventional deterministic tsunami scenarios and their hazard predictions, such as those developed by the Central Disaster Management Council of the Japanese Cabinet Office.

GIS Based Tsunami Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3438-3448
Author(s):  
T.D.C. Pushpakumara ◽  
◽  
Shohan Gamlath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Age Ratio ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Inundation Map ◽  
Tsunami Model ◽  
2004 Tsunami

Tsunami is a coastal hazard which occur due to undersea earthquakes, Meteorite falls, volcanic eruptions or even nuclear weapon operations. The tsunami hazard which occurred in December 2004 was generated due to an undersea earthquake 400m west of northern Sumatra and it inundated coastal areas of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and India. This hazard became one of the worst disasters in the history resulting in over thirty thousand fatalities and over seventy thousand house damage in Sri Lanka. This study is focused towards creation of GIS based Tsunami risk map for Galle city which was badly hit by the 2004 Tsunami. Tsunami vulnerability was assessed using weighted overlay spatial method with input parameters of population density, sex ratio, age ratio, disability ratio and damaged building ratio. Tsunami hazard map was developed based on tsunami inundation map which was published by Coastal research and design, costal conservation and resource management department with assistant from Disaster management centre using the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT). Vulnerable and hazard maps were analysed and incorporated to develop final risk map using GIS tool. Keywords GIS; Tsunami Inundation Map; Tsunami Risk Map; Vulnerability; Disaster

Global Tsunami Risk Assessment: Collaboration Between Industry and Academia in the Willis Research Network (WRN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1272-1287
Author(s):  
Kwanchai Pakoksung ◽  
Anawat Suppasri ◽  
Panon Latcharote ◽  
Abdul Muhari ◽  
Fumihiko Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Hazards ◽  
2011 Japan Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Risk

We present outcomes of our collaborative research between tsunami engineering laboratory, Tohoku University and the Willis Research Network (WRN) on global tsunami risk assessment since 2010. First we assessed tsunami hazards in Indian Ocean and west Pacific from major earthquakes based on historical records. After the 2011 Japan tsunami, various kind of fragility functions were developed for human casualty, buildings, marine vessels, etc based on the actual data. Especially, detailed tsunami hazard assessments were performed in many areas using fine bathymetry and topography data all over Japan including hazards from the worst case tsunamigenic earthquakes provided by central government and local governments in Hokkaido, Japan Sea and Nankai Trough. These results from the detailed hazard and vulnerability assessment were used for detailed tsunami risk in Japan. The Willis’s Japan tsunami model was then first released in December 2014. The model have been updating based on the updated or revised tsunami sources model and fragility functions. Detailed tsunami hazards from potential tsunami events in the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea and some parts of Indonesia were also performed in 2014. In October 2016, our contribution on the historical and future tsunami hazard assessment in global scale based on historical records over the last 400 years was conducted as an activity to increase tsunami awareness as part of World Tsunami Awareness Day. The current activities are to extend the target areas in Japan to Okinawa and assessing disaster risk reduction based on the present and planned tsunami countermeasures. We present the outcomes of the collaborative research done since 2010 by the Tsunami Engineering Laboratory of Tohoku University and the Willis Research Network (WRN) on global tsunami risk assessment. First, we assessed, based on historical records, the tsunami hazards in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific from major earthquakes. Since the 2011 Japan tsunami, various kinds of fragility functions have been developed for human casualties, buildings, marine vessels, etc., based on the actual data. Detailed tsunami hazard assessments have been performed in many areas of Japan using fine bathymetry and topography data from all over Japan, including data on hazards from the worst-case tsunamigenic earthquakes. These data have been provided by the Cabinet Office, Japan. The results from the detailed hazard and vulnerability assessments were used for detailed tsunami risk assessments in Japan. The Willis Japan tsunami model was then released in December 2014. The model has been updated based on the updated or revised tsunami source model and fragility functions. Detailed tsunami hazards from potential tsunami events in the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, and some parts of Indonesia were also performed in 2014. In October 2016, our contribution to the historical and future tsunami hazard assessment on a global scale based on historical records over the last 400 years was conducted as an activity to increase tsunami awareness as part of World Tsunami Awareness Day. The current activities are to extend the target areas in Japan to Okinawa and to assess the disaster risk reduction based on the present and planned tsunami countermeasures.

Analysis of the October 30th, 2020 Aegean Sea Tsunami towards Future Tsunami Preparedness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Guney Dogan ◽  
Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eastern Aegean ◽  
Tsunami Risk

<p>The coastal settlements in the Aegean Sea coast have experienced numerous tsunamis throughout history due to the frequent earthquakes of different magnitudes. Three normal-faulting events have been recorded over the last four years, confirming the tsunami threat in the NEAM region. The June 12<sup>th</sup>, 2017 (Mw 6.3) and July 20<sup>th</sup>, 2017 (Mw 6.6) events in the Eastern Aegean affected the nearby coastal areas and served as reminders, the latter causing remarkable loss of property and boat damage in Bodrum, Turkey and Kos Island, Greece.</p><p>On October 30<sup>th</sup>, 2020, a strong earthquake (Mw 6.6, AFAD, 2020) caused substantial structural damage at 75 km epicentral distance in the Bayraklı region resulting in 117 casualties. A tsunami was also generated, causing very strong motion in the nearshore shallow areas and small craft harbors along 130 km shoreline from Alaçatı (North) to Gümüldür (South) in Seferihisar and Çeşme districts of İzmir Province. The tsunami also caused one casualty and several injured people. Learning from previous events, such as the October 30<sup>th</sup>, 2020 tsunami event, is a key issue in mitigation and future preparedness. Understanding the regional effects of this tsunami will definitely help in developing necessary tools for tsunami risk reduction in the Eastern Aegean region. In this regard, post-tsunami field surveys provide invaluable information to enable the enhancement of tsunami disaster risk management practices. Two different post-tsunami field surveys were performed after the October 30<sup>th</sup>, 2020 tsunami to document the tsunami effects along the affected coast in Turkey, considering the observed coastal amplitudes and inundation extent. The combined results of the field surveys include flow depth, runup, and inundation measurements, as well as arrival time information and coastal damage observations. Furthermore, we discuss the survey findings to better understand the tsunami behavior and its effects on the nearby coastal areas.</p><p>Another important point is that the public tsunami awareness in the Bodrum region in Turkey was extremely low, with no evacuation practices in July 2017 tsunami. There is a considerable increase in people’s response to tsunami hazard in the Eastern Aegean region, as acquired from the eyewitness interviews during the October 30<sup>th</sup> tsunami field survey. However, considering the high seismicity, the public awareness about tsunamis that might take place around the Aegean coast and response to natural and official warnings should be raised and supported with evacuation practices.</p><p>In the light of lessons learned from the most recent Aegean tsunami, using the recent measurement techniques and computational tools in tsunami hazard assessment has become extremely important to improve mitigation. In the framework of disaster risk reduction, high-resolution inundation maps through high-resolution vulnerability analysis and evacuation mapping are the essential requirements for the development of tsunami action plan for the coastal communities, which will help to achieve a successful tsunami risk reduction. In this work, additionally, the examples of new achievements in this direction from megacity İstanbul and high-resolution numerical modeling of tsunamis in the İzmir metropolitan are presented with discussions.</p>

scholarly journals Exposures of Building and Population to Tsunami Hazard in Pangandaran Beach, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
Martha Alvianingsih ◽  
Willy Ivander Pradipta ◽  
Intan Hayatiningsih ◽  
Nuraini Rahma Hanifa
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Intraplate Earthquake ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
The Government

Abstract Pangandaran and Pananjung villages are located in the southern coast of Java Island, prone to tsunami hazard originating from a megathrust earthquake off south of Java Island. Those villages experience a tsunami earthquake on 2006 from an M7.8 earthquake. The National Center for Earthquake Studies released a map of the sources and hazards of Indonesia’s earthquake in 2017 with a potential earthquake of magnitude 8.7-9.2 in the megathrust of Java Island. This research aims to estimate the potential number of buildings and the population affected by tsunami inundation from two scenario; first scenario is based on historical event of a M7.8 intraplate earthquake, and second scenario is based on a plausible M8.7 intraplate earthquake. The first scenario tsunami modeling resulted an inundation of 108.606 ha, while in the second scenario estimate an 867.351 ha of inundation area. Building data is obtained by digitizing aerial photographs taken in November 2021. The calculation of potential affected buildings is carried out by overlaying the tsunami inundation data with the existing building data in the study area. Meanwhile, the population data used is obtained from the local government in 2021. To obtain the number of the affected population, population distribution is first carried out in each class of land cover, overlaid with the tsunami inundation data. The estimated number of buildings and population affected by scenario 1 and 2 in Pangandaran Village is 1,040 buildings along with 2,765 people, and 4,216 buildings with 11,209 people respectively. While in Pananjung Village, it is estimated a total of 149 buildings with 350 people affected, and 4,039 buildings with 9,493 people affected respectively. This indicate that scenario 2 impact is potentially 4 times greater than scenario 1 in Pangandaran village, and 27 times greater in Pananjung village, implying a different strategy of tsunami risk reduction should be taken to save more lives. The results of this study can be used as a basis for policymaking by the government in carrying out a more effective tsunami disaster mitigation efforts in Pangandaran and Pananjung Villages. This study also calls for reevaluation of coastal villages tsunami risk based on each plausible scenario.

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard mapping and loss estimation using geographic information system in Drini Beach, Gunungkidul Coastal Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 03010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Aris Marfai ◽  
Sunarto ◽  
Nurul Khakim ◽  
Hendy Fatchurohman ◽  
Ahmad Cahyadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The southern coastal area of Java Island is one of the nine seismic gaps that prone to tsunamis. The entire coastline in one of the regencies, Gunungkidul, is exposed to the subduction zone in the Indian Ocean. Also, the growing tourism industries in the regency increase its vulnerability, which places most of its areas at high risk of tsunamis. This conditions are expected to increase the tsunami risk and loss potential alongside the coastal area. This research aims to model tsunami inundation and estimate the loss that caused by tsunami. Detailed DEM generated from UAV photogrammetry. Based on the model, several inundation scenario. Based on the model, the 4-m inundation did not affect a wide area. The modelling proves that the extent of tsunami-inundated areas is directly proportional to the wave height of tsunamis. The inundated area extend as the inundation scenario increase. Hilly karst topography prevent the water to inundate wider areas. The loss calculation shows that the material loss at the trading centre was relatively much higher than the other land uses because its included not only the value of the building but also the commodities and the strategic importance of their market.

scholarly journals Uncertainty quantification of tsunami inundation in Kuroshio, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, using the Nankai–Tonankai megathrust rupture scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3039-3056
Author(s):  
Katsuichiro Goda ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
Nobuhito Mori ◽  
Ario Muhammad ◽  
Raffaele De Risi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Megathrust Earthquakes ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Hazard Assessments ◽  
Tsunami Scenarios ◽  
Management Council ◽  
Kochi Prefecture

Abstract. Nankai–Tonankai megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis pose significant risks to coastal communities in western and central Japan. Historically, this seismic region hosted many major earthquakes, and the current national tsunami hazard assessments in Japan consider megathrust events as those having moment magnitudes between 9.0 and 9.1. In responding to the lack of rigorous uncertainty analysis, this study presents an extensive tsunami hazard assessment for the Nankai–Tonankai Trough events, focusing on the southwestern Pacific region of Japan. A set of 1000 kinematic earthquake rupture models is generated via stochastic source modelling approaches, and Monte Carlo tsunami simulations are carried out by considering high-resolution grid data of 10 m and coastal defence structures. Significant advantages of the stochastic tsunami simulation methods include the enhanced capabilities to quantify the uncertainty associated with tsunami hazard assessments and to effectively visualize the results in an integrated manner. The results from the stochastic tsunami simulations can inform regional and local tsunami risk reduction actions in light of inevitable uncertainty associated with such tsunami hazard assessments and complement conventional deterministic tsunami scenarios and their hazard predictions, such as those developed by the Central Disaster Management Council of the Japanese Cabinet Office.

Promotion of Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Collaboration in Disaster Risk Reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198
Author(s):  
Kaoru Takara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Further Development

This paper describes interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches inevitably necessary for effective disaster risk management, introducing examples involving the tsunami hazard map in Sendai, volcanic eruption in Iceland, and river flooding in Thailand. On the basis of the conversations conducted at the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 held at the Science Council of Japan in Tokyo on November 23–25, 2017, this paper summarizes the results of the discussion for further development of these approaches. Some international initiatives are also briefly introduced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document