age ratio
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2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Andrea Springer ◽  
Daniela Jordan ◽  
Antje Glass ◽  
Olaf Kahl ◽  
Volker Fingerle ◽  
...  

In Europe, Ixodes ricinus plays a major role as a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) spirochaetes, the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, among other pathogens. In unfed ticks, Borrelia spirochaetes experience prolonged nutrient restriction. However, only few studies exist with regard to Borrelia infections in unfed ticks of different physiological ages. Changing body dimensions of unfed ticks, due to the consumption of energy reserves, allow physiological age estimation. The present study investigated the relationship of morphometric age with Borrelia prevalence and spirochaete load in 1882 questing I. ricinus nymphs, collected at two different locations in northern Germany in 2020. In addition, Borrelia species composition was investigated by employing a reverse line blot (RLB) probe panel suitable for the detection of ten different B. burgdorferi s.l. species, as well as the relapsing-fever spirochaete B. miyamotoi. Overall, Borrelia prevalence was 25.8% (485/1882). Whilst there was no statistically significant difference in Borrelia prevalence between the different morphometric age groups, Borrelia infection intensity as determined by probe-based quantitative real-time PCR significantly declined with increasing morphometric age. Borrelia species differentiation by RLB was successful in 29.5% of positive ticks, and revealed B. afzelii as the dominating species (65.0% of the differentiated infections). Additionally, B. garinii, B. valaisiana, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. spielmanii, and B. miyamotoi were detected.


Author(s):  
Samsuri ◽  
Febrianti Sitorus ◽  
Anita Zaitunah ◽  
Alfan Gunawan Ahmad

Forest land cover experienced changes caused by various factors. Deforestation and forest degradation decreased forest structure and size that produce forest fragmentation. This study aimed to determine spatial distribution patterns and typology of forest fragmentation in the Labuhanbatu Selatan district. The study uses land cover image analysis, forest fragmentation analysis, correlation analysis, and typology analysis. Forest fragmentation is determined based on patch area (CA), patch density (PD), contiguity index (CONTIG), and proximity index (PROX). The study analyzes the correlation between variable factors and the degrees of forest fragmentation to develop a typology of fragmentation forest. The variables used to construct the typology of forest fragmentation are population density, productive age ratio, income, and slope. The classification of forest fragmentation has been completed to create a forest fragmentation typology. To determine the typology of forest fragmentation, the K-Means Cluster analysis method is used. Typology of forests fragmentation of Labuhanbatu Selatan district is three typologies. Typology 1 is the low forest fragmentation of Torgamba, Silangkitang, and Kota Pinang sub-district, typology 2 is moderate forest fragmentation are the Kampung Rakyat, and Typology 3 is high forest fragmentation of Sungai Kanan sub-district.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3438-3448
Author(s):  
T.D.C. Pushpakumara ◽  
◽  
Shohan Gamlath ◽  

Tsunami is a coastal hazard which occur due to undersea earthquakes, Meteorite falls, volcanic eruptions or even nuclear weapon operations. The tsunami hazard which occurred in December 2004 was generated due to an undersea earthquake 400m west of northern Sumatra and it inundated coastal areas of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and India. This hazard became one of the worst disasters in the history resulting in over thirty thousand fatalities and over seventy thousand house damage in Sri Lanka. This study is focused towards creation of GIS based Tsunami risk map for Galle city which was badly hit by the 2004 Tsunami. Tsunami vulnerability was assessed using weighted overlay spatial method with input parameters of population density, sex ratio, age ratio, disability ratio and damaged building ratio. Tsunami hazard map was developed based on tsunami inundation map which was published by Coastal research and design, costal conservation and resource management department with assistant from Disaster management centre using the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT). Vulnerable and hazard maps were analysed and incorporated to develop final risk map using GIS tool. Keywords GIS; Tsunami Inundation Map; Tsunami Risk Map; Vulnerability; Disaster


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S247-S248
Author(s):  
A Rodríguez ◽  
B Herreros ◽  
R Muñoz ◽  
L Sempere ◽  
P Sirera ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) affects young adults on reproductive age. They are likely to desire pregnancy and are often concerned about the potential effects of inflammatory bowel disease on fertility. Aims to investigate the effect of CD in fertility, studying the ovarian reserve in women by serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and Sertoli cell function in men measured by serum Inhibine (IB). Methods Cross-sectional, prospective, case-control study, including CD patients, aged 18–40 yr, and healthy controls(HC) matched by gender and age(ratio 2:1). Morning IB was measured using ELISA. Serum AMH was measured by ECLIA. Sociodemographic and phenotypic features of CD patients and controls were collected. We defined impaired fertility potential as IB level < 89 pg/mL and AMH <1.66 ug/L 0–24 yr, <1. 18 ug/L 25–29 yr, <0.67 ug/L 30–34 yr, <0.77 ug/L 35–39 yr, <0.01 ug/L 40–44 yr. AMH < 2 ug/L under 40 yr was considered low. Results A total of 122 subjects were included:73 men(48 CD, 25 HC) and 49 women(21 CD, 28 HC). No statistical difference was found between mean serum AMH levels in CD and HC women(2,23±1,8 vs 2,86±1,9 ug/L, p=0,5). The rate of abnormal serum AMH levels according to age did not differ between groups (19% CD vs 25% HC, p=0,4). When classified according to age(<30 and >30 yr), the serum AMH levels remained comparable in <30 yr (3.3±2.06 CD vs 3,2±1.96 ug/L HC, P=0.9). However, a low AMH level(<2 ug/L) was measured in 13 CD women(61%) and in 9 HC(32%)(P < 0.03), especially in>30 yr, 9 CD(90%)vs 4 in HC(40%)(p=0.02). Serum IB levels were significantly lower in CD men vs HC (175.4 ±62.3 vs 234.12±75.56 ug/L, p=0.002). We did not find abnormal IB(<89 pg/mL) in HC vs 3(6%) among CD men. Conclusion Women with CD did not have severe ovarian reserve alterations compared to a control population. However higher proportion of CD women showed low AMH (< 2 ug/L), especially those > 30 years. These data could be helpful for female CD patients who want to have children. Inhibine levels, as biomarker of Sertoli cell function, were lower in CD men compared to healthy controls.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan N. Furness ◽  
Robert W. Furness

AbstractMasting behaviour of Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis may influence Eurasian siskin Spinus spinus breeding ecology as breeding siskins specialize on spruce seeds. We caught siskins and other small passerines over 16 years using mist nets adjacent to large plantations of mature Sitka spruce. We sexed, aged, measured and weighed the birds and collected feather samples from fledglings to measure nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios. Siskins departed in late summer, and returned, and bred earlier in years of higher cone abundance. Nitrogen and carbon isotopes indicated that siskins fed their chicks on Sitka spruce seeds in most years, and more so in years of high cone production. More siskins were caught following heavy rainfall, when the cones had closed, encouraging the birds to seek alternative food sources. Fledglings were not heavier or larger in years with higher cone crops but were more numerous. However, the age ratio of siskins caught the following year was unaffected by cone crop. Given their reliance on Sitka spruce seeds, climate change may have a major impact on siskin numbers by altering the availability of Sitka spruce seeds, either through changes in masting patterns or cone opening, or due to climate-related changes in forestry practices. Siskins represent a valuable study system to conservation ecology, where a native species is ecologically reliant on introduced taxa.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Sara Pelucchi ◽  
Giulia Ravasi ◽  
Cristina Arosio ◽  
Mario Mauri ◽  
Rocco Piazza ◽  
...  

HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by marked phenotypic heterogeneity. Homozygosity for p.C282Y is a low penetrance genotype suggesting that the HFE-HH is a multifactorial disease resulting from a complex interaction involving a major gene defect, genetic background and environmental factors. We performed a targeted NGS-based gene panel to identify new candidate modifiers by using an extreme phenotype sampling study based on serum ferritin and iron removed/age ratio. We found an increased prevalence of the HIF1A p.Phe582Ser and p.Ala588Thr variants in patients with a severe iron and clinical phenotype. Accordingly, Huh-7 cells transfected with both variants showed significantly lower HAMP promoter activity by luciferase assay. The qRT-PCR assays showed a downregulation of hepcidin and an upregulation of the HIF1A target genes (VEGF, HMOX, FUR, TMPRSS6) in cells transfected with the HIF1A-P582S vector. We identified mutations in other genes (e.g., Serpina1) that might have some relevance in single cases in aggravating or mitigating disease manifestation. In conclusion, the present study identified HIF1A as a possible modifier of the HFE-HH phenotype cooperating with the genetic defect in downregulating hepcidin synthesis. In addition, this study highlights that an NGS-based approach could broaden our knowledge and help in characterizing the genetic complexity of HFE-HH patients with a severe phenotype expression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
M. A. Lomskov ◽  
◽  
A. M. Konovalov ◽  

The European wild rabbit – Oryctolagus cuniculus – is classified as Near Threatened (NT), which includes near-threatened species. This article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the number of individuals of the studied species in zoos and nurseries belonging to the Eurasian Regional Association of Zoos and Aquariums (EARAZA). The list of cities that have a European wild rabbit in their zoos is given. The sex and age ratio of individuals of the studied species in the interval from 2004 to 2018 is indicated. According to the results of the analysis, a number of arguments are given in favor of the expediency of breeding the European wild rabbit in zoos and nurseries of EARAZA.


2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wu ◽  
Panpan Sun ◽  
Ruiling Li ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Lifang Jiang ◽  
...  

Background. The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 first broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China, and then spread quickly worldwide. Objective. This study aimed to dissect the spread and end of the epidemic in China with a precise mathematical model. Methods. Various data were obtained from the official websites of the Chinese National Health from January 20 to July 8, 2020. The Chinese study participants were divided into three groups, namely, Hubei (including Wuhan), nationwide without Hubei, and Henan. The basic reproduction number (R0), effective reproduction number (Rt), and gender and age ratio of COVID-19 were calculated, and the epidemic’s predicted curves or fitting curves with peak time and end time were plotted with SIR model. These predicted curves were compared with actual scatter plots. Results. The fitting curve of the Hubei group showed a parabola with a peak on February 18, 2020, with 51,673 cases and the gradual decrease of infected patients, which culminates with a downhill after May 2020. During early outbreak, the highest recorded R0 was 6.13, which declined gradually forming a S-type curve, and it approached zero in early May. Similar to Hubei group, the fitting curve of the nationwide without Hubei group also showed a parabola, recording a peak of 9145 cases on February 10, 2020. At first, its R0 was as high as 2.35 but declined to zero in early April. The epidemic in the Henan group also reached its peak on February 10, 2020, and ended in early April as well. Conclusion. The epidemic development of COVID-19 in China followed the shape of parabolic curves. This model provides insights into how to strategize for epidemic control.


Author(s):  
Bing Hu ◽  
Daiyan Peng ◽  
Yuedong Zhang ◽  
Jiyu Yu

The disparity of rural and urban hospital utilization has aroused much concern. With the improvement of their living standards, patients in rural areas have an emerging need for traveling across borders for better medical treatment in China. This paper reveals the medical tourism of rural residents towards urban hospitals driven by hospital needs and points out that such disparities may be caused by medical tourism. The ratio of people aged 65 and above in total rural populations was used to identify the potential target customers for medical tourism. Based on rural and urban datasets ranging from 2007–2017 on the provincial level, this paper presents a mobile treatment model and market concentration model with an ecological foundation. The feasible generalized least squared approach was used in the estimation of the fixed-effect regressions. The study found that there was a positive and significant relationship between rural old-age ratios and urban inpatient visits from different income groups. On average, a one percent rise in rural old-age ratio would increase the inpatient visits of urban hospitals by 138 thousand persons. There was also a positive and significant relationship between the rural old-age ratio and the market concentration of urban inpatient visits. It was found that the rural old-age ratio significantly influenced the market concentration of urban inpatient visits in the middle-high income regions. The research showed that each income group from the rural aged population had participated in medical tourism, traveled to urbanized regions and made inpatient visits to urbanized medical facilities. It was also indicated that the rural aged population, especially from the middle-high income groups had a positive and significant influence on the market concentration of urban inpatient visits in the province.


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