scholarly journals Beam and target optimization for energy production in accelerator driven systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Mihaela Paraipan ◽  
Anton A. Baldin ◽  
Elina G. Baldina ◽  
Serguey I. Tyutyunikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Target Structure ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
Different Levels

The new concept of light nuclear beams instead of proton beams for ADS is substantiated. The influence of the target structure on the energy efficiency of 0.5-4 GeV proton beams and 0.25 – 0.5 AGeV light ion beams is studied. The target consists of rods with different composition (metal, oxide, carbide) and different levels of enrichment in order to implement the target with a criticality coefficient of 0.96 -0.97, which ensures safe operation. The cooling with different metals (lead, lead-bismuth eutectic - LBE, and sodium) is compared. The use of converters from very light materials (lithium, beryllium, carbon) and their influence on the neutron spectrum and energy released are analysed.

scholarly journals Light Ion Beams for Energy Production in ADS

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 04011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Paraipan ◽  
Anton A. Baldin ◽  
Elina G. Baldina ◽  
Serguey I. Tyutyunikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Particle Transport ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Proton Beams

A comparative study of the energy efficiency of proton beams with an energy from 0.5 GeV to 4 GeV and light ion beams (7Li, 9Be, 11B, and 12C) with energies from 0.25 AGeV to 1 AGeV in natural and enriched quasi-infinite U target is presented. The numerical results on the particle transport and interaction are obtained using the code Geant4. The following target optimization issues are addressed: the beam window dimensions, and the possibility to use a core from low Z materials. The best solution for ADS from the point of view of the energy gain and miniaturization is obtained for 7Li or 9Be beam with an energy of 0.3–0.4 AGeV and a target with Be core.

Accelerator driven systems for transmutation and energy production: challenges and dangers

Kerntechnik ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brandt ◽  
W. Birkholz ◽  
I. A. Shelaev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems

INTERMEDIATE-ENERGY NUCLEAR DATA FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAMS AND ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN SYSTEMS

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. RICCIARDI ◽  
P. ARMBRUSTER ◽  
T. ENQVIST ◽  
F. REJMUND ◽  
K.-H. SCHMIDT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Radioactive Ion Beams ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems

scholarly journals Accelerator–Reactor Coupling for Energy Production in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Heidet ◽  
Nicholas R. Brown ◽  
Malek Haj Tahar
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Nuclear Fuel Cycle ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Fuel Cycles ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nuclear Fuel Cycles

This article is a review of several accelerator–reactor interface issues and nuclear fuel cycle applications of accelerator-driven subcritical systems. The systems considered here have the primary goal of energy production, but that goal is accomplished via a specific application in various proposed nuclear fuel cycles, such as breed-and-burn of fertile material or burning of transuranic material. Several basic principles are reviewed, starting from the proton beam window including the target, blanket, reactor core, and up to the fuel cycle. We focus on issues of interest, such as the impact of the energy required to run the accelerator and associated systems on the potential electricity delivered to the grid. Accelerator-driven systems feature many of the constraints and issues associated with critical reactors, with the added challenges of subcritical operation and coupling to an accelerator. Reliable accelerator operation and avoidance of beam trips are critically important. One interesting challenge is measurement of blanket subcriticality level during operation. We also review the potential benefits of accelerator-driven systems in various nuclear fuel cycle applications. Ultimately, accelerator-driven subcritical systems with the goal of transmutation of transuranic material have lower 100,000-year radioactivity than a critical fast reactor with recycling of uranium and plutonium.

scholarly journals Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

Alternative definitions of kinetic parameters for accelerator driven systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Talamo ◽  
Yousry Gohar ◽  
Sandra Dulla ◽  
Piero Ravetto
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems
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