scholarly journals Light Ion Beams for Energy Production in ADS

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 04011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Paraipan ◽  
Anton A. Baldin ◽  
Elina G. Baldina ◽  
Serguey I. Tyutyunikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Particle Transport ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Proton Beams

A comparative study of the energy efficiency of proton beams with an energy from 0.5 GeV to 4 GeV and light ion beams (7Li, 9Be, 11B, and 12C) with energies from 0.25 AGeV to 1 AGeV in natural and enriched quasi-infinite U target is presented. The numerical results on the particle transport and interaction are obtained using the code Geant4. The following target optimization issues are addressed: the beam window dimensions, and the possibility to use a core from low Z materials. The best solution for ADS from the point of view of the energy gain and miniaturization is obtained for 7Li or 9Be beam with an energy of 0.3–0.4 AGeV and a target with Be core.

scholarly journals Beam and target optimization for energy production in accelerator driven systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Mihaela Paraipan ◽  
Anton A. Baldin ◽  
Elina G. Baldina ◽  
Serguey I. Tyutyunikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Target Structure ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
Different Levels

The new concept of light nuclear beams instead of proton beams for ADS is substantiated. The influence of the target structure on the energy efficiency of 0.5-4 GeV proton beams and 0.25 – 0.5 AGeV light ion beams is studied. The target consists of rods with different composition (metal, oxide, carbide) and different levels of enrichment in order to implement the target with a criticality coefficient of 0.96 -0.97, which ensures safe operation. The cooling with different metals (lead, lead-bismuth eutectic - LBE, and sodium) is compared. The use of converters from very light materials (lithium, beryllium, carbon) and their influence on the neutron spectrum and energy released are analysed.

The Energy Efficiency Of Willow Biomass Production In Poland – A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Szczukowski ◽  
Józef Tworkowski ◽  
Mariusz J. Stolarski ◽  
Michał Krzyżaniak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The University

Abstract Field experiments with willow (Salix L.) coppice cultivation and Eko-Salix systems have been conducted at the University of Warmia and Mazury since 1992. In that wider context, the aim of the work described here was to compare energy inputs involved in setting up a plantation and producing biomass, and to assess the efficiency of willow-chips production under the coppice and Eko-Salix systems. The energy gain determined in the experiments was several to more than twenty times as great as the inputs needed to operate the plantation and to harvest willow biomass, this leaving both systems of willow cultivation under study attractive where setting up short-rotation coppices is concerned.

scholarly journals A Novel Investigation and Comparative Study on Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPVT) System

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-470
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Dash ◽  
Sanjay Gairola ◽  
Sanjay Agrawal ◽  
Shweta Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
And Performance

An analysis of BIPVT system has been carried out in this paper based on arrays named as solar cell tile array and semi-transparent array. Previously comparisons and performance analysis were carried out for opaque and semitransparent system in non-optimized way but in the present case it has been optimized to get better results. As far as energy efficiency and exergy is concerned semitransparent PVT has an edge as compared to others in all respect. Semitransparent PVT has higher useful energy gain by 2.5 KWH as compared to SCT. Further the electrical and thermal efficiency has been derived and a conclusion has been made that semitransparent PV cell has an edge in all respects as compared to SCT. The electrical efficiency has been increased to 17.17% from the previous 16% and overall exergy to 18.4% from previous 17.1%. i.e. an overall growth of 6.8% and 7.6% respectively.

Perspectives and Regulation of the Russian Market for Project-based Transactions under the Kyoto Protocol

2008 ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
K. Zavodov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Form ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Carbon Fund

Project-based transactions (PBTs) are a market mechanism of attracting foreign investments in order to abate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency of the country’s enterprises. The article provides a classification and analyzes advantages and drawbacks of PBTs from the point of view of a host country. The main trends and factors determining the dynamics of the PBT market are described. Given that Russia currently lags behind the leaders of the PBT market, an incorporation of a state carbon fund is put forward with an aim of channelling PBTs through it. This paper proposes a form of PBT market regulation by incorporating an option mechanism into the contract structure of a transaction. A comparison of the new form of regulation with the tools that are currently in use in Russia and other countries demonstrates its greater economic efficiency under uncertainty.

scholarly journals Influence of the socio-economic environment on the entrepreneurs behavior. Cases of cuba and ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 184797902199450
Author(s):  
Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer ◽  
Gelmar García-Vidal ◽  
Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar ◽  
Margarita de Miguel-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Financial Environment

Entrepreneurship is an important part of any economy today regardless of its level of development. However, not in all contexts do entrepreneurs operate in the same way, nor are they motivated by the same factors. This research seeks to identify possible coincidence factors and differences between entrepreneurs that operate in different contexts from the point of view of their historical evolution, the duration of these and the economic and social model applied in the countries. Specifically, a comparative study is carried out between entrepreneurs from the republics of Ecuador and Cuba considering various variables such as: personality characteristics (attitude to failure, risk, perseverance and innovation), use of the available time fund for work in entrepreneurship; Impact of the environment in relation to: government regulations, taxes, level of competition and availability of suppliers, as well as the structure of personal expenses projected in the short and long term that entrepreneurs assume as a stimulus for their actions. For the development of the study, a description of the behavior of the variables was initially made and later, by hypothesis testing, to verify differences and similarities between both populations. The study allowed us to identify common and divergent aspects between both populations analyzed. Similarly, it showed how differences in the administrative and financial environment in which entrepreneurs operate generate changes in their priorities and projections.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study among New Hybrid Root Finding Algorithms and Traditional Methods

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Elsayed Badr ◽  
Sultan Almotairi ◽  
Abdallah El Ghamry
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Root Finding ◽  
Average Running Time ◽  
False Position ◽  
Newton Raphson ◽  
Number Of Iterations

In this paper, we propose a novel blended algorithm that has the advantages of the trisection method and the false position method. Numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the secant, the trisection, the Newton–Raphson, the bisection and the regula falsi methods, as well as the hybrid of the last two methods proposed by Sabharwal, with regard to the number of iterations and the average running time.

scholarly journals Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

scholarly journals Differentiation-Dependent Energy Production and Metabolite Utilization: A Comparative Study on Neural Stem Cells, Neurons, and Astrocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 995-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Gy. Jády ◽  
Ádám M. Nagy ◽  
Tímea Kőhidi ◽  
Szilamér Ferenczi ◽  
László Tretter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Energy Production

Demolition Versus Deconstruction: Impacts of Fenestration Disposal in Building Renovation Projects

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Soofia Tahira Elias-Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Similar Construction ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Material Energy

This paper presents findings of a comparative study on the removal and disposal of fenestration units in two separate buildings, belonging to the same period and built with similar construction materials. Demolition techniques were used for removing the fenestration units from a building that was undergoing refurbishment; while, deconstruction techniques were used for dismantling similar units from another building that was being selectively demolished. It was concluded that the amount of energy consumed, time taken and waste generated, were far greater, and the revenues much lower, when conventional demolition techniques and tools were used. Hence, from the point of view of resource conservation (material, energy, time, and money) deconstruction was found to be more advantageous in the disposal of reusable building components.

Energy Consumption in Leisure Centres – A Comparative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-225
Author(s):  
A.J. Griffiths ◽  
P.J. Bowen ◽  
B.J. Brinkworth ◽  
I.R. Morgan ◽  
A Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Band

The Sports and Recreation sector within the UK uses the equivalent of 3 millions tonnes of coal per year to supply the activities demanded by an ever increasing sports conscience society. The government has attempted to stimulate energy efficiency in this sector through the use of good practice guides and case studies. A comparative study was undertaken to analyse the performance of two leisure complexes in the Seven Valley degree day region. One site had double the occupancy rate of the other. It was found that the energy consumption per user was approximately 10 kWh for both sites. However the energy cost per user showed a large difference: for Site A this index was 31p/user compared to 15p/user at Site B. The primary causes of this difference are attributed to variation in energy mix between the two sites, as well as a difference in the price paid for primary fuel. Indices based on floor area of the facilities exhibit similar trends, and furthermore show that both sites were in the high band of energy consumption. This indicated that both sites had the potential to make significant energy-related savings, and a further breakdown of electrical, natural gas and water consumption per site is used to identify these potential savings in a rapidly expanding sector.

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