scholarly journals Study review of the CALORRE differential calorimeter: definition of designs for different nuclear environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
A. Volte ◽  
M. Carette ◽  
A. Lyoussi ◽  
G. Kohse ◽  
C. Reynard-Carette
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Calorimetric Cell ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Sensitivity Range ◽  
Calibration Protocol ◽  
Study Review ◽  
Differential Calorimeter ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Thermal Simulations

This paper deals with the CALORRE differential calorimeter patented by Aix-Marseille University and the CEA in 2015. Firstly, the paper focuses on the presentation of the first prototype of CALORRE calorimeter qualified under real conditions during the MARIA irradiation campaign in 2015. Then, a review of the studies restricted to one CALORRE calorimetric cell realized thanks to experimental characterizations under laboratory conditions is detailed. Several configurations were studied to determine the influence of the cell height, its horizontal fin geometry and the nature of the material of its structure on its response for a calibration protocol: linearity, sensitivity, range, reproducibility, response time and absolute temperatures. Finally, within the framework of the new CALORI project, an optimization of the calorimeter assembly and its design were carried out in order to remove contact thermal resistances and provide a new configuration of CALORRE calorimeter suited for the in-core water loop of the MIT reactor (2 W.g-1). The response of this new calorimeter is estimated thanks to thermal simulations.

scholarly journals Quality Is in the Eye of the Beholder—A Focus Group Study from the Perspective of Ambulance Clinicians, Physicians, and Managers

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Rantala ◽  
Lina Behm ◽  
Helena Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Focus Group Method

Quality within all areas of healthcare should be systemically monitored and ensured. However, the definition of quality is complex and diverse. In the ambulance service (AS), quality has traditionally been defined as response time, but this measurement eliminates the possibility of addressing other characteristics of quality, such as the care provided. This study aimed to explore what constitutes quality in the context of the ambulance service as experienced by ambulance clinicians, physicians, and managers. A focus group study was conducted with 18 participants. The three focus groups were analyzed with the focus group method developed by Kreuger and Casey. The participants highlighted patient involvement, information and care, as well as adherence to policies, regulations, and their own standards as representing quality in the AS. This study demonstrates that quality is in the eye of the beholder. As quality seems to be viewed similarly by patients and ambulance clinicians, physicians, and managers, stakeholders should aim for a paradigm shift where patients’ experience of the care is just as important as various time measures.

Toward a Definition of the Difficulty of a Personality Item

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Response Variance ◽  
Original Item ◽  
Personality Item ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Item Statistic ◽  
Statistic Approach

Convergence among several indices of personality-item difficulty was assessed. Controversiality, item response variance, response time, and difficulty ratings showed consistent convergence, while ambiguity did not. Variance analyses indicated that the usual item-statistic approach (collapsing over Ss) results in the loss of considerable variance from the original item X persons data matrix.

scholarly journals Optimization of laboratory conditions for biosynthesis of type A trichothecenes

2007 ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Vesna Jacevic ◽  
Radmila Resanovic ◽  
Milorad Bijelic
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Definition Of

Type A trichothecenes, T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol - DAS, belong to one of the most toxic groups of fusariotoxins. Although larger quantities of them can be found more often in cooler parts of Europe, regarding their metabolic characteristics and the types of illnesses they provoke, it is obvious that even smaller quantities of these toxins can cause serious health disturbances of humans and animals in climatic conditions of Serbia. Having in mind the importance of these substances, the aim of this study was to carry out the optimization of laboratory conditions under which screening of Fusarium spp. isolates from Serbia, regarding T-2 toxin and DAS production, should be done. Four cultures of Fusarium sporotrichioides originating from different regions throughout the world, were under present investigation: ITM-391 (Italy), KF-38/1 (Poland), M-1-1 (Japan) and R-2301 (Germany). According to the previous literature data, all of these isolates were T-2 toxin producers, and some of them were also DAS producers. The influence of medium composition (different C and N atoms sources microelements etc), as well as aeration (in liquid media), on biosynthesis process of these mycotoxins, in vitro conditions was investigated. In the case of most Fusarium sporotrichioides isolates, highest yields of T-2 toxin and DAS were achieved under the conditions of more intense aeration, and with the use of glucose (5 or 20%) as a C atom source. Fermentation in semi-synthetic liquid medium, using a rotary shaker, was more suitable for screening the toxicity of the fungal isolates in pure culture because of shorter period of incubation, more simpler sample preparation, obtaining less interfering materials in crude toxin extracts, and possibility for more precise definition of factors influencing the yield of trichothecenes.

scholarly journals A Generic Methodology for Calculating Rescheduling Time for Multiple Unexpected Events in the Era of Zero Defect Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foivos Psarommatis ◽  
Giacomo Martiriggiano ◽  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
Dimitris Kiritsis
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Event Management ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Definition Of

Nowadays, the manufacturing industry is constantly changing. Production systems must operate in a highly dynamic environment where unexpected events could occur and create disruption, making rescheduling inevitable for manufacturing companies. Rescheduling models are fundamental to the robustness of production processes. This paper proposes a model to address rescheduling caused by unexpected events, aiming to achieve the zero-defect manufacturing (ZDM) concept. The goal of the model is to incorporate traditional and ZDM–oriented events into one methodology to calculate when the next rescheduling will be performed to effectively react to unexpected events. The methodology relies on the definition of two key time parameters for each event type: event response time (RT) and event delay response time (DRT). Based on these parameters, an event management algorithm is designed to identify the optimal rescheduling solution. The DRT parameter is calculated based on a multi-parametric dynamic formula to capture the dynamics of production. Moreover, ANOM, and ANOVA methods are used to analyse the behaviour of the developed method and to assess the level of robustness of the proposed approach. Finally, a case study based on real production scenarios is conducted, a series of simulation experiments are performed, and comparisons with other rescheduling policies are presented. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed event management algorithm for managing rescheduling.

scholarly journals Rapid laboratory method for the detection of chlorine in water

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Savic ◽  
Slobodanka Simic ◽  
Nikola Vukelic
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Amperometric Sensor ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Sensor Sensitivity ◽  
Platinum Cathode ◽  
Rapid Laboratory

The possibility of chlorine detection in water by using of amperometric sensor with dialysis membrane was investigated. The sensor consists of platinum cathode and silver anode, which were immersed in electrolyte whose pH was controlled. The calibration diagrams were constructed for different electrolytes and polarization potentials. The detection limit of 0.1 mg/dm3 was obtained, middle value of sensor sensitivity was approximatelly 14 nA/mgdm'3 and response time was less than 1 s for designed amperometric sensor in laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Review of Nuclear Heating Measurement by Calorimetry in France and USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 04019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Reynard-Carette ◽  
G. Kohse ◽  
J. Brun ◽  
M. Carette ◽  
A. Volte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Calorimetric Cell ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Nuclear Heating ◽  
The Common ◽  
Differential Calorimeter ◽  
Fission Reactors

This paper gives a short review of sensors dedicated to measuring nuclear heating rate inside fission reactors in France and USA and especially inside Material Testing Reactors. These sensors correspond to heat flow calorimeters composed of a single calorimetric cell or of two calorimetric cells at least with a reference cell to obtain a differential calorimeter. The aim of this paper is to present the common running principle of these sensors and their own special characteristics through their design, calibration methods, and in-pile measurement techniques, and to describe multi-sensor probes including calorimeters.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Responses of New Reduced-Size Calorimetric Cells Made of Different Structure Materials for High Energy Deposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
A. Volte ◽  
C. Reynard-Carette ◽  
A. Lyoussi ◽  
J. Brun ◽  
M. Carette
Keyword(s):  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Differential Calorimeter ◽  
High Level ◽  
Thermal Simulations

This paper concerns experimental and numerical works on a new differential calorimeter called CALORRE and validated recently under irradiation conditions in MARIA reactor at low nuclear absorbed dose rate level. Works focus on a specific configuration of CALORRE which was designed especially for the measurement of high nuclear energy deposition rates inside Material Testing Reactors. Due to the high level, a new calibration system was fabricated in order to determine the response of the new configuration under laboratory conditions for a very wide range of electrical power never applied in the literature. The response of the new configuration can be considered linear for this very wide range of electrical power. An analytical calculation shows the contribution of each heat transfer in specific zones. 3D thermal simulations performed by means of COMSOL Multiphysics under irradiation conditions give the predictions of the calorimeter behavior under real conditions (up to 20W.g−1).

Definition of the response time of ion-selective electrodes and potentiometric cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erno. Lindner ◽  
Klara. Toth ◽  
Erno. Pungor
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Reference Time of Concentration Estimation for Ungauged Catchments

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Perdikaris ◽  
Bahram Gharabaghi ◽  
Ramesh Rudra
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Time Of Concentration ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Concentration Estimation ◽  
Definition Of

Accurate modelling of flood flow hydrographs in ungauged catchments is a challenging task due to large errors in the estimation of its response time using existing empirical equations. The time of concentration (Tc) is a key catchment response time parameter needed for forecasting of the peak discharge rate and the timing of the flood event. At least eight different definitions have been presented in the literature for the time of concentration. In this study, a new definition of “Reference Tc” is presented along with a practical procedure for its estimation using readily available basin catchment characteristic parameters with the aim of standardizing this key parameter for practitioners. Nine different empirical models were calibrated and tested on nine catchments of the Credit River watershed, Ontario, Canada to determine which method would provide the most accurate prediction of the Reference Tc. The NRCS velocity method (1986) proved once again to be the most reliable and an accurate method. This study shows that the main reason for the higher accuracy of the NRCS velocity method predictions compared to the empirical equations is attributed to the inclusion of the Manning's roughness coefficient.

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