scholarly journals Comparison of the Responses of New Reduced-Size Calorimetric Cells Made of Different Structure Materials for High Energy Deposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
A. Volte ◽  
C. Reynard-Carette ◽  
A. Lyoussi ◽  
J. Brun ◽  
M. Carette
Keyword(s):  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Differential Calorimeter ◽  
High Level ◽  
Thermal Simulations

This paper concerns experimental and numerical works on a new differential calorimeter called CALORRE and validated recently under irradiation conditions in MARIA reactor at low nuclear absorbed dose rate level. Works focus on a specific configuration of CALORRE which was designed especially for the measurement of high nuclear energy deposition rates inside Material Testing Reactors. Due to the high level, a new calibration system was fabricated in order to determine the response of the new configuration under laboratory conditions for a very wide range of electrical power never applied in the literature. The response of the new configuration can be considered linear for this very wide range of electrical power. An analytical calculation shows the contribution of each heat transfer in specific zones. 3D thermal simulations performed by means of COMSOL Multiphysics under irradiation conditions give the predictions of the calorimeter behavior under real conditions (up to 20W.g−1).

Some Aspects of Radioecological Monitoring of High Aquatic Plants From Water-Bodies Within the Chernobyl Accident Exclusion Zone

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L. Shevtsova ◽  
Dmitriy I. Gudkov ◽  
Andrian A. Yavnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level

The impact analysis of low doses of ionizing radiation on the breathers in natural populations is an important part of radiobiological studies of non-human biota. The main aim of our studies was to investigate some cytogenetic, morphological and reproductive rates of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud.) from different water bodies within the Chernobyl accident exclusion zone. The absorbed dose rate for littoral emergent plants in sampling water bodies was varied from 1.3E−02 to 1.6E−01 Gy/h. The rate and main types of chromosome aberrations in roots meristems, morphological damages in seed germs, as well as rates of germinating ability and power were analyzed. There were registered rather low rate of germinating ability (14–48%) and germinating power (<1) of seeds from all sampling water bodies with high levels of radioactive contamination in comparison to control ones. Against the general suppressed background the effect of relative stimulation of more affected seeds was observed. With increase of absorbed dose in range of 1.3E−02–1.6E−01 Gy/h the number of germinated seeds was increased. At the same time the number of morphological damages of seeds was increased as well. There was determined the positive correlation between absorbed dose rate and chromosome aberration rate in roots of the common reed from sampling water bodies. The highest rate of chromosome aberrations (up to 17%) were registered in plants with high level of morphological deviations in seeds germs. The data obtained from the complex analysis of natural populations of the common reed from the radioactive contaminated water bodies testify about rather high level of genetic efficiency of low doses of long-term exposure.

Variable Regimes Operation of Cogenerative Gas-Turbine Engine With Overexpansion Turbine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Matviienko ◽  
V. Ocheretianyi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Turbo Compressor ◽  
High Level

High energetic efficiency of cogenerative gas-turbine engine (GTE) is due to by deep utilization of exhaust gases heat and greater portion of produced electrical energy, with is achieved by complication of Brayton cycle application of overexpansion in turbine. Such method is realized in GTE with turbo-compressor utilizer (TCU) attached to exhaust of the engine. TCU consists of the overexpansion turbine, exhaust compressor and gas cooler between them. Gas cooler in TCU is used as a water boiler-utilizer. This paper presents characteristics of GTE with TCU in variable regimes of loading. It is found, that GTE with TCU at nominal and partial loadings has higher efficiency, than simple cycle GTE. Construction of GTE with TCU can be performed with free TCU and blocked TCU, which is mechanically linked to power turbine. High energy efficiency of GTE with free TCU is proved, enabling to maintain overall efficiency on high level on decrease of electrical power. It is suggested that GTE with free TCU is more efficient for energy supply of municipal objects, and its constructive scheme provides stable delivery of heat energy to consumer upon significant variation of electric loading.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Compact back-scattered electrons' energy analyzer for standard SEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
S. Likharev ◽  
A. Kramarenko ◽  
V. Vybornov
Keyword(s):  
Depth Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Beam ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Energy Analyzer ◽  
High Energy Part ◽  
Small Window ◽  
Energy Part ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Voltage Supply

At present time the interest is growing considerably for theoretical and experimental analysis of back-scattered electrons (BSE) energy spectra. It was discovered that a special angle and energy nitration of BSE flow could be used for increasing a spatial resolution of BSE mode, sample topography investigations and for layer-by layer visualizing of a depth structure. In the last case it was shown theoretically that in order to obtain suitable depth resolution it is necessary to select a part of BSE flow with the directions of velocities close to inverse to the primary beam and energies within a small window in the high-energy part of the whole spectrum.A wide range of such devices has been developed earlier, but all of them have considerable demerit: they can hardly be used with a standard SEM due to the necessity of sufficient SEM modifications like installation of large accessories in or out SEM chamber, mounting of specialized detector systems, input wires for high voltage supply, screening a primary beam from additional electromagnetic field, etc. In this report we present a new scheme of a compact BSE energy analyzer that is free of imperfections mentioned above.

Monte Carlo Modelling of Secondary Electron Yield from Rough Surfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
John C. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Secondary Electron Yield ◽  
Electron Yield

Monte-Carlo programs are well recognized for their ability to model electron beam interactions with samples, and to incorporate boundary conditions such as compositional or surface variations which are difficult to handle analytically. This success has been especially powerful for modelling X-ray emission and the backscattering of high energy electrons. Secondary electron emission has proven to be somewhat more difficult, since the diffusion of the generated secondaries to the surface is strongly geometry dependent, and requires analytical calculations as well as material parameters. Modelling of secondary electron yield within a Monte-Carlo framework has been done using multiple scattering programs, but is not readily adapted to the moderately complex geometries associated with samples such as microelectronic devices, etc.This paper reports results using a different approach in which simplifying assumptions are made to permit direct and easy estimation of the secondary electron signal from samples of arbitrary complexity. The single-scattering program which performs the basic Monte-Carlo simulation (and is also used for backscattered electron and EBIC simulation) allows multiple regions to be defined within the sample, each with boundaries formed by a polygon of any number of sides. Each region may be given any elemental composition in atomic percent. In addition to the regions comprising the primary structure of the sample, a series of thin regions are defined along the surface(s) in which the total energy loss of the primary electrons is summed. This energy loss is assumed to be proportional to the generated secondary electron signal which would be emitted from the sample. The only adjustable variable is the thickness of the region, which plays the same role as the mean free path of the secondary electrons in an analytical calculation. This is treated as an empirical factor, similar in many respects to the λ and ε parameters in the Joy model.

The way of value of Correlation of genomic DNA microsatellite loci and live weight of Chukchi reindeer

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
V. Dodokhov ◽  
N. Pavlova ◽  
T. Rumyantseva ◽  
L. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

The article presents the genetic characteristic of the Chukchi reindeer breed. The object of the study was of the Chukchi reindeer. In recent years, the number of reindeer of the Chukchi breed has declined sharply. Reduced reindeer numbers could lead to biodiversity loss. The Chukchi breed of deer has good meat qualities, has high germination viability and is adapted in adverse tundra conditions of Yakutia. Herding of the Chukchi breed of deer in Yakutia are engaged only in the Nizhnekolymsky district. There are four generic communities and the largest of which is the agricultural production cooperative of nomadic tribal community «Turvaurgin», which was chosen to assess the genetic processes of breed using microsatellite markers: Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276. It was found that microsatellite markers have a wide range of alleles and generally have a high informative value for identifying of genetic differences between animals and groups of animal. The number of identified alleles is one of the indicators of the genetic diversity of the population. The total number of detected alleles was 127. The Chukchi breed of deer is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity, and the random crossing system prevails over inbreeding in the population. On average, there were 7.9 alleles (Na) per locus, and the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) was 4.1. The index of fixation averaged 0.001. The polymorphism index (PIC) ranged from 0.217 to 0.946, with an average of 0.695.

COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Faizollahzadeh Ardabili ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
Pedram Ghamisi ◽  
Filip Ferdinand ◽  
Annamaria R. Varkonyi-Koczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
High Level

Several outbreak prediction models for COVID-19 are being used by officials around the world to make informed-decisions and enforce relevant control measures. Among the standard models for COVID-19 global pandemic prediction, simple epidemiological and statistical models have received more attention by authorities, and they are popular in the media. Due to a high level of uncertainty and lack of essential data, standard models have shown low accuracy for long-term prediction. Although the literature includes several attempts to address this issue, the essential generalization and robustness abilities of existing models needs to be improved. This paper presents a comparative analysis of machine learning and soft computing models to predict the COVID-19 outbreak as an alternative to SIR and SEIR models. Among a wide range of machine learning models investigated, two models showed promising results (i.e., multi-layered perceptron, MLP, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, ANFIS). Based on the results reported here, and due to the highly complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior from nation-to-nation, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research. Paper further suggests that real novelty in outbreak prediction can be realized through integrating machine learning and SEIR models.

CRIMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CORRUPTION-RELATED CRIMES IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Вележев ◽  
Антон Михайлович Седогин
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
High Level

В представленной статье авторами рассматриваются вопросы уголовно-правовой охраны топливно-энергетического комплекса Российской Федерации от преступных проявлений, в том числе от коррупционной противоправной деятельности должностных лиц. Такие действия причиняют значительный ущерб нормальному функционированию предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса. Авторами приводятся результаты исследования некоторых криминологических характеристик должностных лиц, совершивших преступления коррупционного характера. Дан анализ причин и условий, способствующих совершению вышеуказанных противоправных действий. Определена типовая модель преступника для данной категории преступлений и его характеристики: в первую очередь, это высокий уровень компетентности, специальное образование и т. д. Авторами отмечается высокий уровень латентной преступности в данной отрасли. Предложены некоторые пути профилактики данной категории правонарушений. Исследование проводилось на основе анализа конкретных уголовных дел, возбужденных следственными органами по результатам оперативно-розыскной деятельности правоохранительных органов. In the article the authors consider the issues of criminal and legal protection of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation from criminal activity including corrupt illegal practices of officials. The authors cite the results of some criminological characteristics study of the fuel and energy complex staff committed corruption crimes. As a result of these illegal actions significant damage is caused to the normal functioning of the fuel and energy enterprises. Such officials` actions determine not only a wide range of other illegal activities, but also lead to public outcry and discredit the industry as a whole. The analysis of the reasons and conditions contributing to the above illegal actions commission is given. A typical model of a criminal for a given crime category and its characteristics are determined. First of all it is a high level competence, special education, etc. A high level of latent crime in this industry is shown. The study results are presented on the example of specific criminal cases initiated by the investigating authorities based on the results of the operation detection activities of law enforcement agencies. Some ways of preventing this category of offenses are proposed.

Heritability of the Effect of Corticosteroids on Intraocular Pressure

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. Reuling ◽  
J.T. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Steroid Response ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Allele Pair ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetically Determined

In the late 1950's and early 1960's, it became evident that some glaucoma patients developed elevations of intraocular pressure, which were difficult to control, following prolonged use of systemic or ocular medications containing corticosteroids (Chandler, 1955, Alfano, 1963; Armaly, 1963). In addition, some patients without glaucoma, when treated with steroids for long periods of time, developed clinical signs of chronic simple glaucoma (McLean, 1950; François, 1954; Covell, 1958; Linner, 1959; Goldman, 1962). Fortunately, the elevation of intraocular pressure was reversible if the drug was discontinued.Over the past decade, extensive investigation of the “steroid response” has been undertaken. For this presentation, the steroid response may be considered as a gradual elevation of intraocular pressure, occurring over several weeks, in an eye being medicated with corticosteroid drops several times a day. The elevation in pressure is usually accompanied by a reduction in the facility of aqueous outflow. When relatively large numbers of subjects were tested with topical steroids, so that a wide range of responsiveness could be observed, a variation in individual sensitivity was demonstrated. Frequency distributions of intraocular pressure or change in pressure following steroids showed a skew toward the high side. On the basis of trimodal characteristics which they observed in such frequency distributions, Becker and Hahn (1964), Becker (1965) and Armaly (1965, 1966) considered the possible existence of several genetically determined subpopulations. These investigators distinguished three subpopulations on the basis of low, intermediate, and high levels of pressure response. It was hypothesized that these levels of response characterized three phenotypes, corresponding to the three possible genotypes of an allele pair, wherein one member of the pair determined a low level of response, and the other member determined a high level of response (Armaly, 1967).

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