scholarly journals Optimization of Preparation of Zeolite Y Dealuminate Catalysts for Glycerol Conversion to Glycerol Mono Laurate

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Istadi Istadi ◽  
R. P. Fadhil ◽  
G. Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
P Value ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Mathematical Equation ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate ◽  
Glycerol Mono

This Research has been done to analyze Zeolite Y CBV 712 as a catalyst. Zeolite Y CBV 712 was dealuminated by treating it with H2SO4 solution, with 3 – 8 M concentration at 40 – 60 oC. The dealumination treatment runs for 4 hours. Then, dealuminated zeolite was calcinated with a furnace for 3 hours with temperature range between 500 – 600 oC. Dealuminated zeolit Y then tested to synthesize Glycerol Mono Laurate (GML). By Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analyze, indicated that the higher Glycerol Monolaurate yield, X2 factor is the most significance factor, indicating with high F-value (29.60768) and low P-value (0.001600). Objective function from this tests, is used to determine the optimum value between dealumination temperature (X1), acid concentration used (X2) and calcinating temperature (X3). The relation between each operating variables and the responses is shown in mathematical equation below : [see formula in PDF] The optimum condition obtained is 43.25oC for dealumination temperature, 5.45 M for acid concentration and 614oC for calcination temperature. According to the optimum condition obtained, the glycerol monolaurate yield obtained is 59.470%.

scholarly journals Basicity Optimization of KF/Ca-MgO Catalyst using Impregnation Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Setia Budi Sasongko ◽  
Herawati Oktavianty
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Mathematical Equation ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Operating Variables

This research aimed at determining the optimum value between calcination temperature (X1), calcination time (X2) and %wt KF (X3) toward optimum basicity of KF/Ca-MgO catalyst. Approximately 2-4%wt KF was added to the KF/Ca-MgO catalyst using the impregnation method to assist the Ca-MgO, at 450-550 ºC and a calcination time of 2-4 hours. Furthermore, its basicity was analyzed using Tanabe's titration method. The use of Variance Analysis (ANOVA), indicated that calcination temperature (X1) factor achieved the highest basicity of KF/Ca-MgO catalyst, as indicated by its high F-value (16.46262) and low p-value (0.0067). The correlation between each operating variables and the responses were shown in a mathematical equation. The optimization value is estimated by limiting the calcination temperature from 415.9 to 584.1 ºC, with a calcination time ranging from 1.32 to 4.68 hours, and %wt KF of 1.3182 to 4.6818 % that obtained 1.18 mmol/g for the optimal catalyst basicity. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF GLYCEROL MONOLAURATE (GML) SYNTHESIS FROM GLYCEROL AND LAURIC ACID USING DEALUMINATED ZEOLITE Y CATALYST

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Herawati Oktavianty ◽  
Bagas Prasetya Kurniawan ◽  
Roynaldy Daud
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Test Results ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate

Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is used as a surfactant, preservative and emulsifier in food, besides it can be used in cosmetics and medicines. This study obtained to optimize GML synthesis from glycerol and lauric acid. It consisted of two steps, dealumination of zeolite Y catalyst and optimization of GML synthesis. At dealumination process, zeolite Y will reacted with H2SO4 solution and aquadest with temperature at 60°C for 4 hours, then drying with temperature at 110°C for 1 hour, then furnace with temperature at 500°C for 3 hours. The synthesis of GML held by reacting glycerol and lauric acid using dealuminated zeolite Y. The synthesis of GML analyzed using GC-MS to determine the structure, molecular weight, and conversion of GML produced. This study obtained GML optimization to produce the greatest yield of GML. The best test results obtained is 90.75% of GML yield and the estimated value of optimization at temperature 130°C for 4 hours, and the mole ratio of lauric acid with glycerol 1: 7.5 (with the mass of lauric acid is 25 g, and the mass of glycerol is 87.654 g).

Characterization and Testing of Zeolite Y Dealuminate Catalysts for Glycerol Conversion to Glycerol Mono Laurate

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 5602-5604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Wahyu B Setianto ◽  
Triyogo Wibowo ◽  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Fadhil R Pratama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Glycerol Mono

PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN DARI ASAM OLEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Puguh Setyopratomo ◽  
Edy Purwanto ◽  
H. Yefrico ◽  
H. Yefrico
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Glycerol Mono

The synthesis of glycerol mono oleic from oleic acid and glycerol is classified as an esterification reaction. This research is aimed to study the influent of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on reaction conversion. During the experiment the temperature of reaction mixture was varied as 110 oC, 130 oC, and 150 oC, while the catalyst concentration of 1%, 3 %, and 5% was used. The batch experiment was conducted in a glass reactor equipped with termometer, agitator, and reflux condensor. The oleic acid – glycerol mol ratio of 1 : 2 was used as a mixture feed. To maintain the reaction temperature at certain level, the oil bath was used. After the temperature of reaction mixture was reached the expected value, then H2SO4 catalyst was added to the reactor.  To measure the extent of the reaction, every 30 minutes the sample was drawn out from the reactor vessel. The sample analysis include acid number, density, and viscosity measurement. From this research the optimum condition which is the temperature of reaction of 150 oC and 1% catalyst concentration was obtained. At this optimum condition the convertion reach 86% and the analysis of other physical properties of the product show the acid number of 24.12, the density of 0.922 g/cc, and the viscosity of 118.4 cp.

scholarly journals Optimization of Betalain Pigments Extraction Using Beetroot by-Products as a Valuable Source

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Silvia Lazăr (Mistrianu) ◽  
Oana Emilia Constantin ◽  
Nicoleta Stănciuc ◽  
Iuliana Aprodu ◽  
Constantin Croitoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Optimized Conditions

(1) Background: This study is designed to extract the bioactive compounds from beetroot peel for future use in the food industry. (2) Methods: Spectrophotometry techniques analyzed the effect of conventional solvent extraction on betalains and polyphenolic compounds from beetroot peels. Several treatments by varying for factors (ethanol and citric acid concentration, temperature, and time) were applied to the beetroot peel samples. A Central Composite Design (CCD) has been used to investigate the effect of the extraction parameters on the extraction steps and optimize the betalains and total polyphenols extraction from beetroot. A quadratic model was suggested for all the parameters analyzed and used. (3) Results: The maximum and minimum variables investigated in the experimental plan in the coded form are citric acid concentration (0.10–1.5%), ethanol concentration (10–50%), operating temperature (20–60 °C), and extraction time (15–50 min). The experimental design revealed variation in betalain content ranging from 0.29 to 1.44 mg/g DW, and the yield of polyphenolic varied from 1.64 to 2.74 mg/g DW. The optimized conditions for the maximum recovery of betalains and phenols were citric acid concentration 1.5%, ethanol concentration 50%, temperature 52.52 °C, and extraction time 49.9 min. (4) Conclusions: Overall, it can be noted that the extraction process can be improved by adjusting operating variables in order to maximize the model responses.

A Novel Application of Refinery Merox Unit Wastewater for Bovine Hide Unhairing

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Asgarifard Pourya ◽  
Tafreshi Navid ◽  
Sharifi Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Process Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Bovine Hide

Unhairing is one of the major steps of the leather tanning process which removes the hairs, epidermis and to some degree inter-fibrillary proteins. This process needs high amounts of chemicals that cause environmental difficulties. On the other hand, these chemicals are available in the wastewater of the Merox unit of Kermanshah Refinery. For reducing chemical consumption and decreasing environment pollution, we used the aforementioned wastewater for bovine unhairing. A unhairing liquor was prepared in order to unhair skins and different parameters such as the concentration of CaCO3 and Na2S, process time, and temperature were considered to evaluate their impact on the unhairing process and to obtain optimum condition. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was applied to model the unhairing efficiency in terms of four independent variables. A second-order polynomial equation was suggested to predict the response with high certainty. ANOVA revealed the validity and importance of that model by P-value of < 0.0001, large F-values, and, R2 of 98.8. The maximum unhairing efficiency of about 98.5 % was obtained under the optimum condition of 1.7 wt% Na2S, 5.8 wt% CaCO3, 114 min process time and 29.5 ºC.

scholarly journals Assessment on the Effect of Sulfuric Acid Concentration on Physicochemical Properties of Sulfated-Titania Catalyst and Glycerol Acetylation Performance

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rasid Shera Farisya ◽  
Ramli Irmawati ◽  
Ishak Nor Shafizah ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Ernee Noryana Muhamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Sulfated Titania ◽  
Glycerol Conversion

In this research, a solid acid catalyst was synthesized to catalyse glycerol acetylation into acetins. The sulphated-titania catalysts were prepared via the wet impregnation method at different sulfuric acid concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and denoted as 5SA, 10SA, 15SA, and 20SA, respectively. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, NH3-TPD, XRF, and SEM-EDX. The synthesized catalysts were tested on glycerol acetylation reaction at conditions: 0.5 g catalyst loading, 100–120 °C temperature, 1:6 glycerol/acetic acid molar ratios, and 2–4 h reaction time. The final product obtained was analysed using GC-FID. An increment in sulfuric acid concentration reduces the surface area, pore volume, and particles size. However, the increment has increased the number of active sites (Lewis acid) and strong acid strength. 15SA catalyst exhibited excellent glycerol conversion (>90%) and the highest selectivity of triacetin (42%). Besides sufficient surface area (1.9 m2 g−1) and good porosity structure, the great performance of the 15SA catalyst was attributed to its high acid site density (342.6 µmol g−1) and the high active site of metal oxide (95%).

Effect of dealumination on the acidity of zeolite Y and the yield of glycerol mono stearate (GMS)

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 127012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Herawati Oktavianty ◽  
Setia Budi Sasongko ◽  
Luqman Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Glycerol Mono

Effect of Sulfuric Acid Concentration on Chalcopyrite Concentrate Chemical Leaching

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Seong Jin Joe ◽  
Tadashi Chida ◽  
Masatoshi Sakoda ◽  
Hidekatsu Nakamura ◽  
Muneyuki Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Chalcopyrite Concentrate ◽  
Leaching Reaction

This study reports the effect of sulfuric acid concentration on chalcopyrite chemical leaching in very simple H2SO4 solution systems ranging from 23g/L to 30g/L, with 2.5% chalcopyrite concentrate at 30°C. Copper extraction from chalcopyrite increases with an increase in sulfuric acid concentration, e.g. 86%, 90% and 92% after 96 days at 23g/L, 25/L and 27g/L H2SO4 solution respectively. Sulfur element formed on the surface of chalcopyrite was very porous as the result of an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Copper extraction, however, leveled out at 35% after 20 days when the sulfuric acid concentration was higher than 28g/L on 25g/L of chalcopyrite concentrate. Sulfur element was detected by X-ray analysis as only a leaching reaction product. The passivation may be caused by thick elemental surface formed on the surface of chalcopyrite.

scholarly journals Optimum prediction for inhibition efficiency of Sapium ellipticum leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum alloy (AA3003) in hydrochloric acid solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic ◽  
Anadebe Valentine Chikaodili ◽  
Okafor Chizoba Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration

Statistical optimization was used to optimize corrosion inhibition efficiency of Sapium ellipticum leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum in acid medium. Response surface methodology was applied, and the effects of four independent variables; acid concentration, inhibitor concentration, temperature, time, and their expected responses were determined. Central composite design a statistical tool was used to generate a total of 16 individual experimental runs, which was previously design to study the effects of these variables during corrosion process. The uniqueness of the model was scrutinized with various criteria including coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.987), p value (< 0.0001), adequate precision (30.22) and coefficient of variation (5.30). The RSM is well fitted in the model which adequately predicted the optimum inhibition efficiency of 96.73% at optimum inhibitor concentration of 1.5g/L-1, acid concentration 1 M, temperature of 303 K and time of 6 hours. Also the electrochemical concept signifies that Sapium ellipticum acts as a mixed-kind inhibitor. The experimental data obtained is in conformity with other research works.   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 175-191. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.17

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