scholarly journals Improvement of operation modes of water treatment systems using baromembrane technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Samarkina ◽  
Anna Gudzenko ◽  
Svetlana Bondarenko ◽  
Anastasia Samarkina
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Membrane Element ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Laboratory Installation ◽  
Operation Modes

The paper touches upon the issues connected with the solutions of the problems arising at operation of membrane installations for water preparation, in particular high water consumption for own needs. The reasons leading to their occurrence are analyzed in the article. A comparison of the performance of membrane systems against the calculated values is made. The influence of aging of membranes on water consumption for own needs is studied. The tests of a membrane element have been carried out on a laboratory installation, the results of which are used for the analysis of the chemical contamination. The options of solving the identified problems are proposed.

scholarly journals Haemodialysis therapy and sustainable growth: a corporate experience in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2154-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Bendine ◽  
Fabien Autin ◽  
Bruno Fabre ◽  
Olivier Bardin ◽  
François Rabasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sustainable growth and environmental issues are currently a topic for all human activities, and dialysis represents a real challenge in this field because of high water and power consumption and the production of large amounts of care-related waste. In this article we describe data collection implemented in the NephroCare centres in France and the changes observed during a 13-year period regarding environmental parameters. Methods Monthly data collection (eco-reporting) was implemented in NephroCare centres in France in 2005. It covers three topics designed as key performance indicators (KPIs): electricity and water consumption and care-related waste production expressed, respectively, as kilowatt-hour (kWh), litres (L) and kilograms per session. We report on the three action plans (2005–10, 2011–14 and 2015–18) and changes observed during this 13-year period. Results During the period, power and water consumption declined by 29.6% (from 23.1 to 16.26 kWh/session) and 52% (from 801 to 382 L/session), respectively. At the same time, the yearly number of dialysis sessions has increased from 169 335 to 399 336. The sources of savings came both from improvements in the dialysis technology (dialysis machines and water treatment systems) and from updating and remodelling of the dialysis unit equipment and buildings. The care-related waste decreased from 1.8 to 1.1 kg because of regular staff training and the retrofiltration system, allowing the voiding of the remaining saline solution after dialysis. These savings have been estimated as equivalent to 102 440 tons of carbon dioxide. Discussion Implementation of KPIs and their regular monitoring by trained staff to evaluate water and power consumption and the reduction of care-related water production are essential to implement actions to reduce the impact of dialysis on the environment. These data show the importance of water treatment and dialysis technology to decrease water and power consumption and the production of care-related waste as well as upgrading or remodelling of buildings housing dialysis units. Other measures are discussed, including the reuse of rejected water by reverse osmosis, as well as behavioural changes that are needed to reach sustainable development of dialysis. Conclusion The first step to reach ‘green’ dialysis is to collect precise information from defined KPIs. This is the only way to design action plans to reduce the impact of dialysis therapy on the environment. Beyond this, the nephrology community must be sensitized to this challenge to be proactive and to anticipate future regulations.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Blue and Grey Water in the Supply Chain of China’s Apparel Manufacturing

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Ao Liu ◽  
Aixi Han ◽  
Li Chai
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Apparel Manufacturing ◽  
Economic Output

Apparel manufacturing involves high water consumption and heavy water pollution in its supply chain, e.g., planting cotton, producing chemical fibers, and dyeing. This study employs a multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model to (1) assess the life cycle of blue and grey water (chemical oxygen demand (COD) specific) of China’s apparel manufacturing; (2) reveal the hidden linkage among sectors and regions in the whole supply chain; and (3) identify the key regions and upstream sectors with the most water consumption and heaviest water pollution. We found that the agricultural sector (i.e., planting fiber crops) is responsible for primary water consumption and water pollution. In addition, different provinces assume different production roles. Guangdong is a major output province in apparel manufacturing. However, its economic output is contributed to by other regions, such as blue water from Xinjiang and Jiangsu and grey water from Hebei and Shandong. Our research reveals the significance of taking an inter-regional perspective on water resource issues throughout the supply chain in apparel manufacturing. The sustainable development of China’s apparel manufacturing relies on improving water-use efficiency and reasonable industrial layout. The results are of significance and informative for policymakers to build a water-sustainable apparel industry.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Behavior and Mechanism of Action of Ether-Based Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers Absorption on Large Bibulous Stone Powder

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2736
Author(s):  
Zuiliang Deng ◽  
Guimin Lu ◽  
Lefeng Fu ◽  
Weishan Wang ◽  
Baicun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer

The aim of this paper is to study the adsorption behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCE) on coarse aggregates with a property of high water consumption (above 2%). The coarse aggregates were ground into a powder to create large bibulous stone powder, and it was observed that significant amounts of the ether-based PCE were absorbed onto large bibulous stone powder. The adsorption rate immediately reached a maximum after 5 min and then gradually decreased until an equilibrium absorption was established after 30 min. Zeta potential, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements confirmed that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer adsorbed on the surface of the stone powder. Hydrodynamic diameter measurements showed that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecules were smaller than pore size, and the surface area and pore volume were reduced by the polymer incorporation in the pores.

scholarly journals Forces Necessary to Initiate Dispersal for Three Tumbleweeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk V. Baker ◽  
K. George Beck ◽  
Bogusz J. Bienkiewicz ◽  
Louis B. Bjostad
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
High Water ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed ◽  
Water Treatments

AbstractAlthough diffuse knapweed, kochia, and Russian thistle are important tumbleweeds of the western United States, environmental factors contributing to their dispersal are not well understood. Bolting rosettes of these species were transplanted to pots and reared in a common garden to determine the affect of postsenescence water on stem strength. There were no differences in stem strength among three water treatments for Russian thistle. Kochia, under moderate water treatment, required more than twice the force to break compared to plants under the zero and high water treatments. In contrast, diffuse knapweed plants under zero water treatment required four to six times greater force to break compared to plants under the moderate and high water treatments. There was a strong difference in diffuse knapweed stem strength between field collection sites that corresponded to observed differences in proportion of plants tumbling. A wind tunnel was used to develop a conversion factor between force and wind velocity. Wind velocities necessary to break diffuse knapweed stems ranged from 16 to 37 m/s (36 to 77 mph).

Water reuse for irrigation from waste water treatment plants with seasonal varied operation modes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cornel ◽  
B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants

Irrigation periods are usually limited to vegetation periods. The quality requirements for treated wastewater for disposal and for reuse are different. The reuse of water for irrigation allows partly the reuse of the wastewater's nutrients (N and P). Outside the irrigation period the water must be treated for disposal, thus nutrient removal is often required in order to avoid detrimental effects on the receiving surface water body. Only wastewater treatment plants with different operation modes for different seasons can realise these requirements. The nitrification is the most sensitive biological process in the aerobic wastewater treatment process. At low water temperatures the nitrifying bacteria need several weeks to re-start full nitrification after periods without NH4-removal. Therefore it is necessary to develop options for waste water treatment plants which allow a fast re-start of the nitrification process. Based on theoretical considerations and computer simulations of the activated sludge treatment process, one possibility for implementing a wastewater treatment plant with different seasonal operation modes is evaluated.

Research on the Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Technologies in First Washing Wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 1096 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ying Han Yu ◽  
Guan Hua Yue ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Washing Wastewater ◽  
Reducing Energy

In recent years, large amounts of wastewater are mostly discharged directly to environment without being properly treatment in many washing industry, bringing tremendous damage to the environment. From the perspective of reducing energy consumption of washing waste water treatment, the first washing wastewater containing the highest pollutant concentration are tested properly, the second and third washing wastewater could be recycled. In this research, the treatment effects of six coagulants are tested, the appropriate coagulant and an economic treatment scheme of first washing wastewater are developed according to the characteristics of wastewater. Adopting the method of centralized treatment, by which we can reduce water consumption and carbon emissions and can be used in the small and medium-sized enterprise of washing industry.

scholarly journals Water resources planning in bioethanol production from sugarcane

Memorias ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Danny Ibarra Vega Danny Ibarra Vega ◽  
Carlos Peña Rincón ◽  
Johnny Valencia Calvo ◽  
Johan Manuel Redondo ◽  
Gerard Olivar Tost
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Resources Planning

The biofuels industry has grown and has positioned itself in Colombia for national purposes, these come from biomass sources such as agricultural crops. Bioethanol is the most used in Colombia and is obtained from sugarcane. One of the main concerns of the sector and society, is the high water consumption associated with agricultural crops (9,000 m3 / ha-year), there are currently 232,000 hectares of sugarcane for the production of sugar and bioethanol. Given the aforementioned, the need arises to carry out a planning of industrial increase of the sector taking into account as a main base the demand and availability of water resources for different activities in the Cauca river basin and the demand for sugarcane crops. In this document it is presented a mathematical model and the evaluation of different scenarios of the estimation of the trend of water consumption in the bioethanol production process in Colombia and in this way to establish scenarios of high risk of water shortage both for the population, interested parties and cane cultivation.

scholarly journals Energy and Water Consumption Characterization of Portuguese Indoor Swimming Pools

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Cardoso ◽  
Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar ◽  
José Carlos Góis ◽  
Eugénio Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
High Water ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption

Indoor swimming pools have high water and energy (electricity and natural gas) consumption levels due to the need to provide suitable thermal comfort conditions (temperature and relative humidity) to its occupants and to counterbalance losses (evaporation, ventilation, etc.). In Portugal, most of the swimming pool facilities belong to the municipalities and their operation represent a considerable financial burden. This work intent to characterize and benchmark the energy (electrical and thermal) and water consumption of five sport complexes with indoor swimming pools, located in two cities of the Centre of Portugal. The four most commonly performance indicators used in the literature were calculated and analyzed according to the operating time and services. Some measures are suggested to enhance the energy efficiency as well as to reduce the consumptions.

scholarly journals Treatment Method Assessment of the Impact on the Corrosivity and Aggressiveness for the Boiler Feed Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skoczko ◽  
Szatyłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Exchange Cation ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Boiler Feed Water

The aim of the study was the assessment of corrosivity and aggressiveness for boiler feed water. The negative effects of water corrosivity and aggressiveness may include silting up of the steel water supply system and the destruction of boiler equipment touched or washed by such water. They may cause the whole industrial production system to fail or be destroyed. That is why it was important to reach a high water purification level, including the calculation of water aggressiveness and corrosivity indicators. The carried out test showed that the simple system used before the modernization of the industrial water treatment plant is not sufficient to reach clean and stable water. The authors proposed modernization, including additional processes to improve boiler water quality, and designed new devices for water treatment. As a result of the new idea, groundwater taken as raw water was treated in individual and complex processes, such as pre-aeration, filtration, ion exchange (cation and anion exchange resigns), extra aeration, and extra degassing. The conducted research included chemical analyses of raw and treated water. In the conducted studies, the indirect method of water aggressiveness and corrosivity assessment was applied using mathematical calculation of the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RI), the Larson–Skold Index (LI), and the Singley Index (SI). The results proved that the new proposed processes for the boiler feed water treatment station allow reaching a high water quality and low level of water aggressiveness and corrosion.

Riverbank filtration for drinking water supply - a proven method, perfect to face today's challenges

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Irmscher ◽  
I. Teermann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Proven Method

Hygiene standards and parasites have been a special focus of drinking water utilities for several years. In this context the development of new, high-tech water treatment methods is often taken into consideration. However, we have been applying riverbank filtration as an inexpensive, natural method in Düsseldorf for over 130 years. Indeed it had been introduced for “hygiene reasons” at the time and, according to our experience, riverbank filtration is well suited to meet these “new” hygiene challenges. We have intensively examined the infiltration of river water into the aquifer. We view this core process as the prerequisite for the sustained function of riverbank filtration. It is closely linked with the retention of turbid matters in the riverbed and the shearing forces on the subsurface. In addition, we have investigated the effectiveness of bank filtration as regards the elimination of microorganisms over recent years. According to these examinations, bacteria are reduced by an average of 3 log orders by bank filtration; individual breakthroughs correlate with high water events. According to our measurements Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been completely eliminated in riverbank passage. The retention of three examined types of viruses was also found to be almost completely accomplished.

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