scholarly journals Islanding Detection Using RT-Lab

2019 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Wu ◽  
Jiajun Lin ◽  
Jun-Han Chen ◽  
Hsieh Ming-Yu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Phase Lock Loop ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Islanding Detection ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Synchronous Reference Frame ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unbalanced Load

As renewable energy is widely used, distributed power generation systems are also used in wide range. However, some problems in renewable power systems have to be addressed. Among these problems, the islanding operation has the most important impact to the safety of utility workers and the service lives of equipment. This paper studies islanding detection for a microgrid system with unbalanced loads and its implementation on a real-time simulator (RT-Lab) to accelerate simulations. The presented islanding detection approach utilizes rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), under/over frequency, and negative sequence current injection methods. Decoupled double synchronous reference frame software phase lock loop (DDSRF-SPLL) is used to synchronize the grid-connected power converter with the utility voltages under unbalanced load conditions. Two cases are tested in real time. The presented approach detects the islanding in 0.09 seconds after the fault occurs, and the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) returns stable in 0.1 seconds after the fault occurs, satisfying the IEEE Standard 1547-2003.

scholarly journals Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) Curve and Fast Frequency Response Assessment in High Renewable Power Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutang You
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Frequency Response Characteristic ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Response Performance

This letter introduces a frequency response characteristic (FRC) curve and its application in high renewable power systems. In addition, the letter presents a method for fast frequency response assessment and frequency nadir prediction without performing dynamic simulations using detailed models. The proposed FRC curve and fast frequency response assessment method are useful for operators to understand frequency response performance of high renewable systems in real time.

scholarly journals Investigation of Inertia Response and Rate of Change of Frequency in Low Rotational Inertial Scenario of Synchronous Dominated System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2288
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt ◽  
Juan Manuel Roldan-Fernandez ◽  
Harold R. Chamorro ◽  
Santiago Arnaltes ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Inertial Response ◽  
System Frequency ◽  
Inertia Response ◽  
System Inertia

The shift to a sustainable energy future is becoming more reliant on large-scale deployment of renewable and distributed energy resources raising concerns about frequency stability. Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) is necessary as a system inertia metric in order for network operators to perform control steps to preserve system operation. This paper presents in a straightforward and illustrative way several relevant aspects of the inertia response and RoCoF calculation that could help to understand and explain the implementation and results of inertial response controllers on power converter-based technologies. Qualitative explanations based on illustrative numerical experiments are used to cover the effects on the system frequency response of reduced rotational inertia in synchronous dominated power systems. One main contribution of this paper is making evident the importance of the governor action to avoid the synchronous machine taking active power from the system during the recovering period of kinetic energy in an under frequency event.

scholarly journals Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7710
Author(s):  
Amir Hussain ◽  
Wajiha Shireen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Frequency Instability ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Battery Energy

As the share of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs) is high, a microgrid, in islanded mode, is more vulnerable to frequency instability due to (1) sudden power imbalance and (2) low inertia. One of the most common approaches to address this issue is to provide virtual inertia to the system by appropriately controlling the grid-side converter of the RESs. However, the primary frequency controller (PFC) presented in this paper focuses on the fast compensation of power imbalance without adding inertia to the system. The proposed method is based on estimating the real-time power imbalance caused by a disturbance and compensating it using multiple small-scale distributed battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The power imbalance is estimated by observing the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) following a disturbance. Based on the estimated power imbalance and the rating of the BESSs, the reference power for the BESSs is determined. The BESSs are controlled in grid-following mode to compensate for the power imbalance. The performance of the proposed PFC is verified using a Typhoon real-time simulator for various scenarios and is compared with the conventional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller.

scholarly journals Selection of a Critical Time Scale of Real-Time Dispatching for Power Systems With High Proportion Renewable Power Sources

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 52257-52267
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Zhizhong Guo ◽  
Hongbo Li ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Guizhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals A Latency-Insensitive Design Approach to Programmable FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulators

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Federico Montaño ◽  
Tarek Ould-Bachir ◽  
Jean Pierre David
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Electronic Circuits ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Latency Insensitive

This paper presents a methodology for the design of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulators (RTSs) for power electronic circuits (PECs). The programmability of the simulator results from the use of an efficient and scalable overlay architecture (OA). The proposed OA relies on a latency-insensitive design (LID) paradigm. LID consists of connecting small processing units that automatically synchronize and exchange data when appropriate. The use of such data-driven architecture aims to ease the design process while achieving a higher computational efficiency. The benefits of the proposed approach is evaluated by assessing the performance of the proposed solver in the simulation of a two-stage AC–AC power converter. The minimum achievable time-step and FPGA resource consumption for a wide range of power converter sizes is also evaluated. The proposed overlays are parametrizable in size, they are cost-effective, they provide sub-microsecond time-steps, and they offer a high computational performance with a reported peak performance of 300 GFLOPS.

scholarly journals DC-DC Zeta Power Converter: Ramp Compensation Control Design and Stability Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5946
Author(s):  
David Angulo-García ◽  
Fabiola Angulo ◽  
Juan-Guillermo Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Compensation Control ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability

The design of robust and reliable power converters is fundamental in the incorporation of novel power systems. In this paper, we perform a detailed theoretical analysis of a synchronous ZETA converter controlled via peak-current with ramp compensation. The controller is designed to guarantee a stable Period 1 orbit with low steady state error at different values of input and reference voltages. The stability of the desired Period 1 orbit of the converter is studied in terms of the Floquet multipliers of the solution. We show that the control strategy is stable over a wide range of parameters, and it only loses stability: (i) when extreme values of the duty cycle are required; and (ii) when input and reference voltages are comparable but small. We also show by means of bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents that the Period 1 orbit loses stability through a period doubling mechanism and transits to chaos when the duty cycle saturates. We finally present numerical experiments to show that the ramp compensation control is robust to a large set of perturbations.

scholarly journals Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance Analysis of Different Converter Controllers for Fast Active Power Regulation in Low-Inertia Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Jose Rueda Torres ◽  
Zameer Ahmad ◽  
Nidarshan Veera Kumar ◽  
Elyas Rakhshani ◽  
Ebrahim Adabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Digital Controllers ◽  
Power Regulation ◽  
The Impact

Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale setups are becoming the key tools for prototyping and evaluating the performance and robustness of different converter technologies and control strategies. The performance evaluation of control strategies for dynamic frequency support using fast active power regulation (FAPR) requires the urgent development of a suitable power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) setup. In this paper, the most prominent emerging types of FAPR are selected and studied: droop-based FAPR, droop derivative-based FAPR, and virtual synchronous power (VSP)-based FAPR. A novel setup for PHIL-based performance evaluation of these strategies is proposed. The setup combines the advanced modeling and simulation functions of a real-time digital simulation platform (RTDS), an external programmable unit to implement the studied FAPR control strategies as digital controllers, and actual hardware. The hardware setup consists of a grid emulator to recreate the dynamic response as seen from the interface bus of the grid side converter of a power electronic-interfaced device (e.g., type-IV wind turbines), and a mockup voltage source converter (VSC, i.e., a device under test (DUT)). The DUT is virtually interfaced to one high-voltage bus of the electromagnetic transient (EMT) representation of a variant of the IEEE 9 bus test system, which has been modified to consider an operating condition with 52% of the total supply provided by wind power generation. The selected and programmed FAPR strategies are applied to the DUT, with the ultimate goal of ascertaining its feasibility and effectiveness with respect to the pure software-based EMT representation performed in real time. Particularly, the time-varying response of the active power injection by each FAPR control strategy and the impact on the instantaneous frequency excursions occurring in the frequency containment periods are analyzed. The performed tests show the degree of improvements on both the rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF) and the maximum frequency excursion (e.g., nadir).

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