scholarly journals Interlayer-free Silica-carbon Template Membranes from Pectin and P123 for Water Desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 03017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isna Syauqiyah ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Meilana D. Putra ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Amalia E. Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Silica Thin Film ◽  
Silica Sols ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than

For the first time the interlayer-free silica-carbon templatesmembrane has been successfully fabricated employed pectin as carbonsource. This membrane was compared to interlayer-free silica-P123membrane that were fabricated via Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). Theaim of this work is to investigate the performance of interlayer-free silicapectinand silica-P123 membranes. Sol-gel process has been utilised toproduce silica thin film using TEOS as precursor, EtOH, HNO3 and NH3 with two-step acid-based catalyst (50 °C, 3 hours). Pectin and P123 weretemplated into silica sols. Subsequently, the alumina tubular supportmembranes were dip-coated into these sols and calcined at 400 °C (pectin)and 350 °C (P123), respectively with 4 layers each membrane. Theinterlayer-free silica-pectin shows excellent water flux (5.73 kg m-2 h-1) incomparison to interlayer-free silica-P123 (1.449 kg m-2 h-1). Both silicapectinand silica-P123 membranes show very good salt rejection (>99%). The performance of silica-pectin membrane is much better than silica-P123membrane (~4 times higher). It is influenced by the length of carbonschains where carbon chains of pectin is much lower than P123. Due to that, P123 connected to silica networks create dense film of membrane andreduce the membranes performance.

scholarly journals Organo Silica Membranes for Wetland Saline Water Desalination: Effect of membranes calcination temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 07006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riani Ayu Lestari ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Dewi Suparsih ◽  
Syarifah Anadhliyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Wetland saline water has great potential to overcome water scarcity due to high salinity of intruded seawater. This work determines performance of silica membranes using organo catalyst applied for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation and investigates the effect of calcination temperatures. These membranes were prepared from precursor tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for 3 h through sol-gel process refluxed at 0°C (membrane A) and 50°C (membrane B). The sols were dipcoated onto alumina (Al2O3) support for 4 layers followed by calcination for 1 h. Performance of membranes were evaluated by feeding wetland saline water through desalination at room temperature. Results show the water flux for membrane A were 0.27 & 0.15 kg.m-2.h-1 and salt rejection were 97.5 & 99 % as a function of calcination temperature (200 & 250°C), respectively. Furthermore, water flux of membranes B were 0.90 & 0.93 kg.m-2.h-1 and excellent salt rejection (>99.9 %) for both calcination temperatures. The highest water flux and salt rejection were found for membranes B. For both using citric acid under refluxed and calcination process, it gives more vibration of Si-C formation and membrane pores. This membrane is the very first and mesoporous organo silica membranes which is successfully fabricated from organo catalyst.

The Performance of Membranes Interlayer-Free Silica-Pectin Templated for Seawater Desalination via Pervaporation Operated at High Temperature of Feed Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Amalia Enggar Pratiwi ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Erdina Lulu Atika Rampun ◽  
Noni Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Silica Matrices ◽  
Feed Temperature

Recently, water scarcity is the big issues around the world. Especially in coastal area where the water distribution could not entranced and able to supply clean water for the citizen. The one and only solution is processing seawater to produce fresh and potable water. The desalination process using membrane was recommended to solve this issue. Due to that, the membrane with good structure and high hydro-stability was necessary to fabricate. The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of silica-pectin membranes for treating seawater by pervaporation employing silica based membranes. In this work, the silica-pectin membranes were successfully fabricated using Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursor. Then, pectin from apple was also using in various concentrations (0; 0.1 to 0.5%). This organic material was implemented as a templating agent to produce in silica-pectin thin film. This thin films were dipcoated onto membranes support during membranes fabrication. These membranes were calcined in air at 300 and 400°C using rapid thermal processing (RTP) technique. All membranes were tested for water desalination via pervaporation set-up in various feed temperatures (25, 40 and 60°C). Results show that the membranes produced were crack-free and no pore dense. The FTIR-spectra and Fityk analysis refer to membrane of 2.5% at 300°C and 0.5% at 400°C are the optimum condition due to silanol and siloxane concentrations. An excellent performance was obtained at 0.5% at 400°C with water flux of 8.3 kg.m-2.h-1 and high salt rejection of 99.4% at 60 °C of feed temperature. It clearly demonstrates that the silica-pectin membrane has a robust structures due to the templating of carbon chains into silica matrices. The presence of carbon chains in silica matrices may form the smaller and robust pores as expected, that makes the excellent salt rejection in high feed temperature.

Degradation of Phenol by Fe3+ Doped Nano-TiO2 Photocatalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Du Shu Huang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Qing Shan Pan ◽  
Yong Min
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Better Than

Degradation properties of phenol using nano-TiO2 as photocatalyst in aqueous solution were investigated. The effect of annealing temperature and ionic modification on the degradation was studied. The results showed that, 500 °C annealed TiO2 was better than 700 °C annealed. Photocatalyst nano-TiO2 material doped with Fe3+ was prepared quickly by sol-gel process and was used as photocatalyst to degrade phenol solution of 100mg/L under UV irradiation for 3 hours. UV spectrophotometer testing was made and found that two peaks at 210 nm and 270 nm were significantly become low, indicating that the phenol has been degraded. The phenol degradation rate was 94.18%.

scholarly journals Interlayer-free Glucose Carbonised Template Silica Membranes for Brine Water Desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 03010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mufidah Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Salt Ions ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Free Glucose

Interlayer-free glucose carbonized template silica membranesbased on tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and glucose were successfullyprepared using an acid-base catalysed sol-gel method for artificial brinewater desalination (7.5% wt NaCl solution %) at temperatures range from25, 40 and 60 °C. These membranes calcined at 250 and 400 °C. Themembranes were fabricated through sol-gel process by using TEOS(tetraethyl orthosilicate); ethanol; nitric acid; ammonia; aquadest andglucose as a template. By molar ratio is 1: 38: 0.0007: 0.0003: 5 and0.25%; 0.5%, 1% w/v glucose as template. The results show the highestwater fluxes of 1.8, 2.2 and 4.8 kg m−2 h−1 for 25, 40 and 60 °Cdesalination process with excellent salt rejections of 99.5, 99.5 and 99.7%, respectively. It was found that the higher the NaCl solution temperature asfeed solution as well as glucose concentration (0.25% to 1% wt) astemplate attached in the silica matrixes, the higher water fluxes eventhough the salt rejection remain the same. This study demonstrates that theorganosilica membranes offered the carbonized silica mesostructuremembranes with excellent separation of water from the hydrated salt ions, particularly for processing brine salt solutions.

Influence of Li2+ Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of CaO Synthesized by Sol–Gel Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1950002
Author(s):  
Nadir Lalou ◽  
Ahmed Kadari
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
First Time

This work proposes the synthesis of nanocrystalline calcium oxide (CaO) pure and doped with different concentrations of lithium (Li[Formula: see text]) ions by sol–gel process. Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO[Formula: see text]4H2O; 99.99%) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3; 99.99%) were used as precursors. The synthesized powders were characterized by several techniques such as: UV-Vis transmission spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The main objective of this paper is to study the influence of lithium (Li[Formula: see text] ratio) on the structural and optical properties of synthesized powders. The band gap values decreased with the increasing of Li[Formula: see text] ions in CaO lattice; the slight change in the band gap was directly related to the energy transfer between the CaO excited states and the 2s levels of Li[Formula: see text] ions. The influence of Li[Formula: see text] doping on the physical properties of CaO nanocrystalline will be studied for the first time in this work; no literature has previously published this kind of impurities.

Preparation of SiO2 Antireflective Film by a Base/Acid Two-Step Catalyzed Sol-Gel Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Yi Li ◽  
Kun Peng ◽  
Ling Ping Zhou ◽  
Jia Jun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Antireflective Film ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Antireflective Films ◽  
Silica Sols

SiO2 antireflective films were prepared by two-step catalyzed sol-gel method with TEOS as the raw materials, acid and ammonia as catalyst. Effects of the ratio of acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed silica sols on the transmittance and stability of SiO2 film were investigated. The transmittance can be adjusted by change the ratio of base-catalyzed sols, and a higher transmittance can be obtained in the higher ratio of base-catalyzed coatings. A higher stability of SiO2 film in salt spray can be obtained in higher ratio of acid-catalyzed AR coatings. AR coatings with excellent transmittance and stability can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of acid/base catalyzed silica sols.

Porous graphene to encapsulate Na6.24Fe4.88(P2O7)4 as composite cathode materials for Na-ion batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (66) ◽  
pp. 13120-13122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubin Niu ◽  
Maowen Xu ◽  
Shu-Juan Bao ◽  
Chang Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
Porous Graphene ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
First Time

Na6.24Fe4.88(P2O7)4@porous graphene composite is fabricated as a cathode of Na-ion batteries for the first time by a hydrothermally assisted sol–gel process.

Carbon spheres with hierarchical micro/mesopores for water desalination by capacitive deionization

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (41) ◽  
pp. 16094-16100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingtao Xu ◽  
Hongmei Tang ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Yanjiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
Assembly Strategy ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Carbon spheres with a hierarchy of micropores and mesopores were prepared via a sol–gel process using a surfactant-directing assembly strategy and were applied for capacitive deionization.

scholarly journals Formation of nanoscopic CaF2via a fluorolytic sol–gel process for antireflective coatings

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1716-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rehmer ◽  
Kerstin Scheurell ◽  
Erhard Kemnitz
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Antireflective Coatings ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
First Time

For the first time transparent antireflective CaF2-coatings were prepared from clear CaF2-sols obtained via the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis and containing homo-dispersed CaF2 nano-particles.

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