scholarly journals Locating Error when Clamping Workpiece between Centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Slătineanu ◽  
Margareta Coteaţă ◽  
Oana Dodun ◽  
Gheorghe Nagîţ ◽  
Adelina Hriţuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positioning Error ◽  
Machining Error ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Locating Error ◽  
Total Differential ◽  
Cylindrical Workpiece ◽  
Definition Of

The total machining error includes some distinct errors summed up by following certain rules. One of these errors is the workpiece locating error, which occurs when the workpiece reference base does not match the workpiece locating surface. The paper analyses different definitions of positioning error, as they were proposed by different researchers or groups of researchers and presents an application valid in the case of turning a cylindrical workpiece with locating between the centers. A definition of locating error that takes into account the total differential of the size of the vector that joins the orientation surface with an element of the fixture was preferred. A fixture version was considered to ensure the locating and clamping of the workpiece on the lathes, with workpiece locating between the centers. This fixture uses a mandrel with a sliding center and an elastic collet.

scholarly journals Models Applied to Grapevine Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Federico Lessio ◽  
Alberto Alma
Keyword(s):  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Definition Of

This paper reviews the existing predictive models concerning insects and mites harmful to grapevine. A brief conceptual description is given on the definition of a model and about different types of models: deterministic vs. stochastics, continuous vs. discrete, analytical vs. computer-based, and descriptive vs. data-driven. The main biological aspects of grapevine pests covered by different types of models are phenology, population growth and dynamics, species distribution, and invasion risk. A particular emphasis is put on forecasting epidemics of plant disease agents transmitted by insects with sucking-piercing mouthparts. The most investigated species or groups are the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and other vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a bacterium agent of Pierce’s disease; the European grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller); and the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the main vector of phytoplasmas agents of Flavescence dorée. Finally, the present and future of decision-support systems (DSS) in viticulture is discussed.

The role of soil-forming processes in the definition of taxa in Soil Taxonomy and the World Soil Reference Base

Geoderma ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Bockheim ◽  
A.N. Gennadiyev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Soil Forming Processes

Emotions in the Workplace

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-50
Keyword(s):  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Organisational Behaviour ◽  
Emotions In The Workplace ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diversity In The Workplace

In this chapter, the authors build on the classic theories from the previous chapter to better understand the role of emotion in the workplace. They introduce the field of organisational behaviour, which deals with what people, as individuals or groups, do in an organisation, and how what they do affects the organisation itself. Although it would be impossible to present all matters related to organisational behaviour as a discipline, the authors discuss issues concerning diversity in the workplace, as well as considering personal attributes that can influence behaviour and decision making in the organisation. While offering a clear definition of moods versus emotion, they also tackle the impact of personality, personality traits, and values in the workplace.

scholarly journals Use of Human-Centric Functional Modeling to Maximize Convergence in Integrative Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physical System ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Functional Modeling ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Reasoning Process ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Definition Of

This paper leverages a specific approach to conceptual modeling (Human-Centric Functional Modeling or HCFM) to suggest an objectively measureable definition of convergence in research, and outlines an argument for the conclusion that the use of HCFM in representing any static conceptual entity such as a reasoning process, or any dynamic conceptual entity (capable of changing states) such as a biological or physical system, is required in order to remove specific limits to the capacity of that research for convergence in human understanding between disciplines. And therefore the use of HCFM is required in any discipline of study, whether physics, mathematics, economics, religion, philosophy, or other, in order to maximize the capacity for convergence in that research within the capacity of individuals or groups to conceive concepts in those fields. Specific examples demonstrating the use of HCFM to achieve unprecedented convergence in research are presented. And the logical argument that HCFM is required to maximize convergence within current individual or group limits is summarized as a theorem as the first step in defining a mathematical proof.

Military Assistance on Request and the Use of Force

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Wet Erika
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Definition Of

The book examines if and to what extent the proliferation of direct military assistance on the request of a recognized government is changing the rules regulating the use of force. Since the end of the Cold War, several (sub)regional organizations in Africa have codified military assistance on request in their respective treaty frameworks. In addition, in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria, and Yemen, internationally recognized governments embroiled in protracted armed conflicts have requested direct military assistance from individual states or groups of states. These requests are often accepted by the other states and at times the United Nations Security Council, even when the requesting governments have very limited effective control over their territories, lack democratic legitimacy and are engaged in wide-spread and systematic violations of international human rights and humanitarian law.This book departs from a definition of requested military assistance that refers to the exercise of forcible measures by third-state armed forces or those controlled by an international organization in the territory of the requesting state. It then examines the authority to issue a request for (or consent to) direct military assistance, as well as the type of situations in which such assistance may be requested—notably whether it can be requested during an armed conflict. De Wet finishes by examining the important and controversial question of whether and to what extent the proliferation of forcible assistance on request is changing the legal framework applying to the use of force in international law.

scholarly journals Consensus Statement of the International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia Related to Nomenclature

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Janicki ◽  
Philip McCallion ◽  
Michael Splaine ◽  
Flavvia H. Santos ◽  
Seth M. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
International Summit ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnostic Condition

Abstract A working group of the 2016 International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia was charged to examine the terminology used to define and report on dementia in publications related to intellectual disability (ID). A review of related publications showed mixed uses of terms associated with dementia or causative diseases. As with dementia research in the non-ID population, language related to dementia in the ID field often lacks precision and could lead to a misunderstanding of the condition(s) under discussion, an increasingly crucial issue given the increased global attention dementia is receiving in that field. Most articles related to ID and dementia reporting clinical or medical research generally provide a structured definition of dementia or related terms; social care articles tend toward term use without definition. Toward terminology standardization within studies/reports on dementia and ID, the Summit recommended that a consistent approach is taken that ensures (a) growing familiarity with dementia-related diagnostic, condition-specific, and social care terms (as identified in the working group's report); (b) creating a guidance document on accurately defining and presenting information about individuals or groups referenced; and (c) using definitions and data, such as subjects' ages, sex, level of ID, residential situation, basis for dementia diagnosis, presence of Down syndrome (or other risk conditions), years from diagnosis, and if available, scores on objective measures of changing function, in reports on neuropathologies or cognitive decline or impairment.

Territoriality in Honeyeaters: Reviewing the Concept and Evaluating Available Information

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH Pyke ◽  
M Christy ◽  
RE Major
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Territory Owner ◽  
Available Information

We define territorial behaviour as aggressive behaviour that occurs repeatedly in about the same location with associated submissive behaviour on the part of the individuals or groups to which the aggression is directed. Of a worldwide total of about 170 honeyeater species (Meliphagidae), 36 have been described as being territorial and we consider that 28 of these have been shown to satisfy our definition of territoriality. We discuss the consequences of territorial behaviour and the determination of the boundaries and areas of territories. We also review the available information regarding territorial behaviour exhibited by the New Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae), the most studied of all honeyeater species. We recommend that future descriptions of territorial behaviour attempt to determine the intensity of the behaviour, sharpness of the territory boundary, degree of exclusive use of the relevant resource, and the extent to which areas separate from the territory are used by the territory owner or owners. For territoriality to become a useful concept for honeyeaters, behaviour that leads to the label of 'territorial' must be fully documented.

scholarly journals Scientific Approaches to Identifying Vulnerabilities and Separation Vulnerable Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1 (339)) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Olha Maltseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
Definition Of

The article, based on the analysis of scientific sources and legal documents, summarizes the common modern scientific approaches to the definition of «vulnerability» and the identification of vulnerable groups. It is established that, depending on the field of scientific research, scientists have different approaches to defining the concept of vulnerability and the mechanisms of falling of individuals or groups of people into the category of vulnerable. Thus, for lawyers, vulnerability means the possibility of violating the rights of a certain category of people, for economists – getting into a situation where a person is limited in access to economic resources, which does not allow him to meet the «minimum level of quality of life». From the point of view of sociologists, vulnerability is inherent in individuals or groups that have certain socio-demographic characteristics or social status. For social workers, a sign of vulnerability is the presence of a difficult life situation. However, despite the diversity of scientific approaches to determining vulnerability, prevention of this phenomenon largely depends on the strategy and tactics of state regulation, on determining the priorities and directions of social policy adequate to the situation in our country, aimed at ensuring social protection and social security. Reforms, which are a necessary condition for stabilizing the development of society, should be aimed at increasing the level of social support, based on the needs (taking into account the income of recipients) and targeting (depending on social risks) in providing this support.

scholarly journals Results of the Seventh Scientific Workshop of ECCO: Precision medicine in IBD - what, why, and how

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Fiocchi ◽  
Gabriele Dragoni ◽  
Dimitrios Iliopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Katsanos ◽  
Vicent Hernandez Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Complex Diseases ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Many diseases that affect modern humans fall in the category of complex diseases, thus called because they result from a combination of multiple aetiological and pathogenic factors. Regardless of the organ or system affected, complex diseases present major challenges in diagnosis, classification, and management. Current forms of therapy are usually applied in an indiscriminate fashion based on clinical information, but even the most advanced drugs only benefit a limited number of patients and to a variable and unpredictable degree. This ‘one measure does not fit all’ situation has spurred the notion that therapy for complex disease should be tailored to individual patients or groups of patients, giving rise to the notion of ‘precision medicine’ [PM]. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a prototypical complex disease where the need for PM has become increasingly clear. This prompted the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation to focus the 7 th Scientific Workshop on this emerging theme. The articles in this special issue of the Journal address the various complementary aspects of PM in IBD, including what is PM; why it is needed and how it can be used; how PM can contribute to prediction and prevention of IBD; how IBD PM can aid in prognosis and improve response to therapy; and the challenges and future directions of PM in IBD. This first article of this series is structured on three simple concepts [what, why, and how] and addresses the definition of PM, discusses the rationale for the need of PM in IBD, and outlines the methodology required to implement PM in IBD in a correct and clinically meaningful way.

Is It Really so Benign? Gender Separation in Ultra Orthodox Bus Lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzvia Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Concept

Challenging the claim that policy of gender separation on buses does not imply segregation and discrimination against women but rather an innocent concern for the cultural concept of modesty, this Paper attempts first to analyze and refute the respective arguments presented by Professor Harel by establishing counter arguments and examining counter examples which may produce different conclusions. At its second stage the paper proposes a broader field of analysis for scrutinizing the justifications for gendersegregated practices that is based on considerations of rationality. Its main thrust directs to the claim that from a liberal point of view, the difference between acceptable and non-acceptable practices should be depended upon two conditions: a) the rational justification of the practice. b) Its immunity to the burden of harm or oppression towards helpless individuals or groups. At its third and final part, the Paper attempts to produce a careful definition of the cultural meanings implied by the practice of gender separation. By proposing alternative conceptual structure of explanation, based on cultural phenomenological analysis, it aims to expose the deep discriminatory structure of power-relations between men and women in traditional societies, including the Ultra-Orthodox community, as exemplified by the practice of gender separation.

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