Establishing an industrial symbiosis – key factors and time aspects in steel industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rosendahl ◽  
Katarina Lundkvist ◽  
Björn Haase ◽  
Jeanette Stemne ◽  
Linn Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Residual Material ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Material Requirements

Today production industry has increasing incentives to be resource efficient and sustainable. Many residual material streams from production processes are therefore recycled internally; however, some streams might be of better use in another industry. In this study, factors seen as encouraging and/or barriers in the work towards an industrial symbiosis with residual materials, between two or more industries, were identified. The factors were divided into five categories: physical/technical, regulatory, business, motivation and society, on three organisational levels. Based on the key factors, the time aspect for establishing an industrial symbiosis was studied and criteria that need to be met in order to carry on with a business idea for a residual material were divided into three work phases. The study shows that an industrial symbiosis based on residual materials on many levels differs from a business with main products, for example when it comes to laws and policies. With residual materials it is also extra important to have good understanding of the material properties and the customer’s material requirements. It was concluded that the establishment of industrial symbioses would be facilitated if all materials had the same conditions regardless of origin provided that the final product gets the same properties.

Life Cycle Assessment of Tungsten Production in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wei Lu ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Bo Xue Sun ◽  
Qing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Annual Total

Tungsten is an important strategic metal, widely used in cemented carbide manufacturing, steel industry, and other economic fields. The amount of tungsten resource consumed in China each year accounts for more than 80% of the world’s annual total consumption. The purpose of this study is to quantify the environmental impact of tungsten production in China through the method of LCA. The result shows that, regarding the contributions of impact categories, the normalized value of HTP is the largest one among various impact categories, which accounts for 35.39% of the total environmental impact, followed by AP, PMFP, GWP, MDP, FDP, and POFP, respectively. The results also show that, regarding the contributions of production processes, smelting process is the largest contributor to the environmental burden of tungsten production due to the crystallization and calcination reduction occurred in the smelting process consumes a large amount of electricity, followed by mining, beneficiation, and transportation, respectively. The major academic contribution of this paper to the existing literatures is that we employed process-based analysis method, which could improve the accuracy of the study and provide practical advices for tungsten enterprises to reduce the environmental impact.

scholarly journals Industrial Symbiosis in Taiwan: Case Study on Linhai Industrial Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4564
Author(s):  
Nathaniel John Maynard ◽  
Vaishnav Raj Kanagaraj Subramanian ◽  
Chien-Yu Hua ◽  
Shih-Fang Lo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Industrial Parks

Eco-industrial parks (EIP) are a community of manufacturing businesses which seek better environmental and economic performance by using the principles of Industrial Ecology (IE). In Taiwan, government-designated EIPs have operated since 1995, with 23 industrial parks currently in operation. This study presents a case from Taiwan, the Linhai Industrial park, and analyzes the park’s transition towards industrial symbiosis and resource sharing. Resource sharing modifications resulted in reduced carbon emissions, millions of liters of fuel saved, and thousands of tons of industrial waste recycled. This successful transition was possible because of coordinated government support. Key factors include technological subsidies, policy support, and willing manufacturers. Additional explanations for Linhai’s current success are explored and future areas of research are identified.

scholarly journals A Review on the Mechanisms and Analysis of Fatigue in Ductile Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A ◽  
Mohammed Thowsif
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Engineering Structure ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Engineering Component ◽  
Load Pattern

In civil engineering, fatigue can be referred to as the loss in structural performance of engineering components when subjected to repeated cyclic loads. Fatigue is identified as one of the leading factors that determines the lifespan of an engineering structure. Fatigue develops in the form of small and localized cracks which gradually propagates subcritically until the engineering component is structurally incapable to satisfy the serviceability conditions and ultimately fails. Due to the engineering importance of the phenomenon, fatigue is studied extensively in order to obtain a better understanding of the phenomenon and its manifestation in different engineering components. Over the years a number of mechanisms and models have been developed in order to explain, analyze and predict the effects of the phenomenon on various components. The three key factors that have been identified to have influenced the fatigue life of engineering components include the material properties of the engineering component, the geometry of the engineering component and the load pattern to which the engineering component is subjected. This paper aims to give a brief and consolidated overview of the various mechanisms, the different models and the influence of the various factors on the fatigue performance of components composed of ductile materials.

scholarly journals Nanostructure Quantification of Carbon Blacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Singh ◽  
Randy Vander Wal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Fringe Analysis ◽  
Combustion Condition ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Aggregate Morphology ◽  
End Use

Carbon blacks are an extensively used manufactured product. There exist different grades by which the carbon black is classified, based on its purpose and end use. Different properties inherent to the various carbon black types are a result of their production processes. Based on the combustion condition and fuel used, each process results in a carbon black separate from those obtained from other processes. These carbons differ in their aggregate morphology, particle size, and particle nanostructure. Nanostructure is key in determining the material’s behavior in bulk form. A variety of carbon blacks have been analyzed and quantified for their lattice parameters and structure at the nanometer scale, using transmission electron microscopy and custom-developed fringe analysis algorithms, to illustrate differences in nanostructure and their potential relation to observed material properties.

Ceramic Optical Package: Material Requirements and Guidelines for Material Selection

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Yan ◽  
W. W. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Material Requirements

ABSTRACTRecently Lightwave Device Packaging Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories has demonstrated that ceramic materials can provide cost effective and high quality packages to house optical and electronic components for lightwave communication applications. In this paper we examine the material requirements for optical packages. We also study the material properties of metals and ceramics with a potential application in optical packages. In particular, we review hermeticity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, dielectric constant, electrical resistivity, sintering temperature and mechanical strength of these materials. Our study will provide a data base and useful guidelines for designers to make uniformed decisions on material selection for optical package. We also review the mixing rules to predict the resultant property of a composite from the known attributes of its constituents and the use of new composite materials will provide a new degree of flexibility in the optical package design.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Nitrate and Compound Fertilizers Production—A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Georgios Gaidajis ◽  
Ilias Kakanis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Water Eutrophication ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Freshwater Eutrophication

The production and utilization of fertilizers are processes with known and noteworthy environmental impacts. Direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a high contribution to water eutrophication due to the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) derivatives are some of the most crucial impacts derived from the overall life cycle of fertilizer use. The life cycle assessment (LCA) has been reliable and analytical tool for the identification, quantification, and evaluation of potential environmental impacts of fertilizers related to the products, production processes, or activities throughout their lifecycle. In this paper, a gate-to-gate LCA approach was applied in order to identify and evaluate the impacts derived from the production processes of nitrate and compound fertilizers the production industry in Northeastern Greece. The results from this study prove that compound fertilizers have a greater impact compared with nitrate fertilizers, contributing up to 70% of the total production impacts. Furthermore, climate change, freshwater eutrophication, and fossil fuel depletion were identified as the most crucial impact categories. Finally, a comparison with relevant LCA studies was conducted, in order to identify the possibility of a consistency pattern of the fertilizer production impacts in general.

International Law’s Invisible Frames: Introductory Insights

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Andrea Bianchi ◽  
Moshe Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
International Law ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Cognition And Knowledge

The underlying premise of the research project is that humans acquire and form their knowledge through cognitive processes (eg perception, interpretation, language). At the same time, that knowledge is processed and used via different mental channels to form a representation of reality. Law as a social process carried out by human beings is a stimulating object of investigation for those who would like to analyse social cognition and knowledge production processes. Understanding how psychological and socio-cultural factors (including cultural bias) can affect decision-making in an international legal process; identifying the groups of people and institutions that may shape and alter the prevailing discourse in international law at any given time; and unearthing the hidden meaning of the various mythologies that populate and influence our normative world, are all key factors to providing a better understanding of the invisible frames within which international law moves and performs....

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