A comprehensive study on synthesis behavior of nanostructured Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy powder with and without 3 wt.% Al2O3 particles during mechanical alloying

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Mohsen Hajizamani ◽  
Ali Alizadeh ◽  
Mostafa Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Alloy State ◽  
Ma Process

The mechanical alloying (MA) process was applied to synthesize nanostructured Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy powder and its composite with 3 wt.% Al2O3 particles. Both the alloy and the composite powders were produced by simultaneous milling of the constituents for different milling times (0–50 hours), with fixed milling technical parameters. The produced powders were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to detect the generated phases. Also, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to observe the morphologies and measure the crystallite size of the powders, respectively. It was found that during the production of the composite powder, the size of Al2O3 particle changed which led to unexpected outcomes. In the alloy state, the average particle size and the crystallite size were lower and the microhardness values were higher than those in the composite powder. Also, the steady state was achieved after a shorter MA time in the alloy state compared to the composite state. The major reason for these results was the changes of alumina particle size in the composite powders at the first stages of the MA process due to consuming a noticeable amount of energy, which made them ineffective. In addition, the compressibility in the composite powders was lower than that of the alloy powders due to the presence of alumina particles. Moreover, in both powders, the compressibility decreased with increasing the MA time because of the increased work hardening and the reduced flow properties.

scholarly journals Influence of Oxide Additions in Cu-Co-Fe Composite Powders Obtained by Mechanical Alloying

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1548-1553
Author(s):  
Núria Llorca-Isern ◽  
Cristina Artieda-Guzman ◽  
Jose Alberto Vique ◽  
Antoni Roca
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Ceramic Particles ◽  
Pure Cu ◽  
Ceramic Reinforcement

Nanocrystalline composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying of pure Cu, Fe and Co as metallic major part and Al2O3 or Fe2O3 or SiO2 as ceramic reinforcement in a high-energy ball mill. Alloys of the copper-iron-cobalt system are promising for the development of new materials and applications. Cu-Fe-Co is used in different applications depending on the properties required. These can be related for example to toughness when used as rock cutting tool, to magnetic and electric properties for microelectronics or to chemical behaviour when used as catalysts in bioalcohol production industry. The objective of the present study is to contribute to understanding how and to which amount the ceramic reinforcement affects the properties for which this Cu-Fe-Co system is used as well as to envisage other less frequently uses for the composite powders. Structural and magnetic transformations occurring in the material during milling were studied with the use of X-ray diffraction, scanning quantum induction device (SQUID) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). In mechanical alloying the transformations depend upon milling time. The results showed that milling the elemental powders of Cu-Fe-Co in the mass proportion of 50:25:25 respectively for times up to 10h leads to the progressive dissolution of Fe and Co atoms into FCC Cu and the final product of the MA process was the nanocrystalline Cu containing Fe and Co with a mean crystallite size (from coherent crystal size determination by diffraction) of 20 nm aprox. When ceramic particles are milled together with the metals (at proportions of the oxides between 1-10%) this mechanism is retarded. On the other hand, the lowest mean crystallite size is reached without ceramic particles in the milling process. However the composite powder produced in all the cases stabilized similar lowest crystallite size between 45-50 nm. Mechanically alloyed metallic-ceramic composite powder showed lower saturation magnetization than the metallic system but enhanced coercive field (significantly for hematite reinforcement). All the studied systems are intermediate ferromagnetics (Hc≈104 A/m). Milling time significantly affects the structure, composition and properties for both metallic and composite systems.

Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolysis of the Ball Milled Al-C-KCl Composite Powder in Distilled Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Ni Huang ◽  
Zhang Han Wu ◽  
Ke Cao ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Chun Ju Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Aluminum Particle ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Fine Particle Size ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the present investigation, the Al-C-KCl composite powders were prepared by a ball milling processing in an attempt to improve the hydrogen evolution capacity of aluminum in water. The results showed that the hydrogen generation reaction is affected by KCl amount, preparation processing, initial aluminum particle size and reaction temperature. Increasing KCl amount led to an increased hydrogen generation volume. The use of aluminum powder with a fine particle size could promote the aluminum hydrolysis reaction and get an increased hydrogen generation rate. The reaction temperature played an important role in hydrogen generation rate and the maximum hydrogen generation rate of 44.8 cm3 min-1g-1of Al was obtained at 75oC. The XRD results identified that the hydrolysis byproducts are bayerite (Al(OH)3) and boehmite (AlOOH).

Microstructural Studies of (Ba0.7Sr0.3Fe12O19)1-x - (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3)x with x = 0.2, x = 0.5 and x = 0.8 Composite System by Mechanical Alloying Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 391-395
Author(s):  
Novizal ◽  
Azwar Manaf ◽  
P. Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Composite Samples

In this paper, we report our investigation on material structure analysis of (Ba0.7Sr0.3Fe12O19)1-x-(Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3)x with x = 0.2, x = 0.5 and x = 0.8 composite system prepared by a mechanical alloying process to promote feroic properties. It is shown that the x-ray diffraction patterns of each composition for the composite materials are the same. It consisted of the mixture for the two phases. The average of particle size for each respective phase in the composite materials was found initially increased, up to 18-20 μm after mechanically milled for 40 hours, then start to decreased to a smaller size ~ 8-10 μm after 80 hrs milling time. However, a plot of particle size against the milling time for each composite phase shown a trend of further reduction in the mean particle sizes. In addition, the x-ray traces of dense pellet samples after sintering the milled powders at a temperature of 1100 °C showed broadened diffracted peaks pattern due to fine crystallites in the samples. Results of mean crystallite size determination of respective phases in the composite samples showed the same trend, a decrease with milling time toward values about 10 nm at 80 hrs milling time. Hence, sintering to the milled particles has promoted the formation of nanocrystal containing particles. When compared between the mean particle size and mean crystallite size of respective phase in the composite samples, the mean crystallite size for magnetic phase (B7S3F) was found more than 100 times smaller than the mean particle size of composite particles. However, finer mean crystallite sizes were found in the ferroelectric phase (B7S3T) in which the mean was about 200 times smaller than the mean particle size.

scholarly journals Formation of NanoscaleMg(x)Fe(1-x)O  (x=0.1,0.2,0.4)Structure by Solution Combustion: Effect of Fuel to Oxidizer Ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ahmadipour ◽  
K. Venkateswara Rao ◽  
V. Rajendar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size And Morphology ◽  
Size And Morphology

Mg(x)Fe(1-x)O(magnesiowustite) nanopowder samples synthesized by solution-combustion method and fuel to oxidizer ratio (Ψ=1,1.25) are used as a control parameter to investigate how particle size and morphology vary withΨ. The method is inexpensive and efficient for synthesis of oxide nanoparticles. The average crystallite size ofMg(x)Fe(1-x)Onanoparticles was estimated from the full-width-half maximum of the X-ray diffraction peaks of powders using Debye-Scherrer’s formula; the average crystallite size varies from 16 nm to 51 nm. From X-ray diffraction analysis, it was observed thatMg(x)Fe(1-x)Onanoparticles have cubic structure. The particle size measured by particle size analyzer ranges from 37.7 nm to 73 nm which is in the order of XRD results. Thermal analysis was done by thermal gravimetric-differential thermal analyzer. The particle size and morphology of the synthesized powder were examined by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The crystal size and particle size were compared with some of the most recently published research works by XRD and TEM. FTIR conforms formation of theMg(x)Fe(1-x)O.

scholarly journals Pulse Plasma Sintering of NiAl-Al2O3 Composite Powder Produced by Mechanical Alloying with Contribution of Nanometric Al2O3 Powder

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Konopka ◽  
Justyna Zygmuntowicz ◽  
Marek Krasnowski ◽  
Konrad Cymerman ◽  
Marcin Wachowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Pulse Plasma ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Al2o3 Composite ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Pulse Plasma Sintering ◽  
Nial Matrix

NiAl-Al2O3 composites, fabricated from the prepared composite powders by mechanical alloying and then consolidated by pulse plasma sintering, were presented. The use of nanometric alumina powder for reinforcement of a synthetized intermetallic matrix was the innovative concept of this work. Moreover, this is the first reported attempt to use the Pulse Plasma Sintering (PPS) method to consolidate composite powder with the contribution of nanometric alumina powder. The composite powders consisting of the intermetallic phase NiAl and Al2O3 were prepared by mechanical alloying from powder mixtures containing Ni-50at.%Al with the contribution of 10 wt.% or 20 wt.% nanometric aluminum oxide. A nanocrystalline NiAl matrix was formed, with uniformly distributed Al2O3 inclusions as reinforcement. The PPS method successfully consolidated NiAl-Al2O3 composite powders with limited grain growth in the NiAl matrix. The appropriate sintering temperature for composite powder was selected based on analysis of the grain growth and hardness of Al2O3 subjected to PPS consolidation at various temperatures. As a result of these tests, sintering of the NiAl-Al2O3 powders was carried out at temperatures of 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C. The microstructure and properties of the initial powders, composite powders, and consolidated bulk composite materials were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, density, and hardness measurements. The hardness of the ultrafine-grained NiAl-Al2O3 composites obtained via PPS depends on the Al2O3 content in the composite, as well as the sintering temperature applied. The highest values of the hardness of the composites were obtained after sintering at the lowest temperature (1200 °C), reaching 7.2 ± 0.29 GPa and 8.4 ± 0.07 GPa for 10 wt.% Al2O3 and 20 wt.% Al2O3, respectively, and exceeding the hardness values reported in the literature. From a technological point of view, the possibility to use sintering temperatures as low as 1200 °C is crucial for the production of fully dense, ultrafine-grained composites with high hardness.

scholarly journals New Method of Fabrication of Fe80Cr20 Alloy: Effect of its Technique on Crystallite Size and Thermal Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Dafit Feriyanto ◽  
Supaat Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Technique ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This paper focuses on the effect of the new method on the crystallite size and thermal stability of Fe80Cr20 alloy powder. Generally, the ball milling sample and ultrasonic technique sample have dissatisfaction result when applied at high temperature. In addition, the combination of both techniques not yet carried out. Therefore, this study aim to investigate an appropriate technique to produce smallest crystallite size in order to improve the thermal stability. The new method of mechanical alloying (mill) and ultrasonic technique (UT) were applied in order to reduce the crystallite size and improve thermal stability. The new method is called as combination treatment. This condition allows the enhancement of thermal stability of Fe80Cr20 alloy powder. In this study, mechanical alloying process was carried out by milling time of 60 hours. Then, the ultrasonic technique was performed at frequency of 35 kHz at 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 hours. From XRD analysis, it was found that the broader peaks indicated the smaller crystallite size. It shows that the combination treatment (milled and UT) reduce the crystallite size up to 2.171 nm when mechanically alloyed for 60 hours (milled 60 h) and followed by ultrasonic treatment for 4.5 hours (UT 4.5 h). Smallest crystallite size enhance the thermal stability up to 12.7 mg which shown by TGA analysis during 1100 0C temperature operation. The combination treatment is method which is effective to fabricate Fe80Cr20 alloy powder.

Effect of the Reinforcement Volume Fraction on Mechanical Alloying of AA2124 – SiC Composite

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazziani Maia Candido ◽  
Vanessa Guido ◽  
Gilbert Silva ◽  
Kátia Regina Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Peak Broadening ◽  
Aluminum Alloy Powder

Mixtures of AA2124 aluminum alloy powder and SiC particles at volume fractions of 10 vol.% and 20 vol.% were milled in a high energy planetary ball mill under an argon atmosphere, for times of 2.5h to 60 h, aiming to produce Al alloy-SiC nanocomposites. Optical microscopy (MO) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the morphological and microstructural evolution of the powder composite, occurred during mechanical alloying. The crystallite size was determined using the Williamson-Hall method to analyze the X-ray peak broadening. It was observed that increasing the volume fraction of SiC, the mechanical alloying stages were accelerated: a finer composite powder was obtained at a shorter milling time as well as the morphology of the particles became more equiaxed. The XRD analysis showed the reduction of crystallite size of the aluminum alloy matrix with increasing milling time and that this effect is more pronounced with high volume fraction of SiC. The results show that the increase in the volume fraction of reinforcement particles increases the work hardening and fracture occurrence in the aluminum alloy powder during the milling, affecting the structural evolution of the composite.

Effects of Milling Time and Impact Force on the Mutual Diffusion of Cu and Fe during Synthesis of Nanostructured Fe-50%Cu Alloy via Mechanical Alloying Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 1262-1266
Author(s):  
H. Kaffash ◽  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
Hamid Reza Rezaie ◽  
Ehsan Mostaed ◽  
Ali Mostaed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Mutual Diffusion ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Elemental Diffusion ◽  
Ma Process

Fabrication of alloys in the solid state via mechanical alloying (MA) process has been studied by earlier researchers. The effects of milling time and impact force, defined as the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR), on the elemental diffusion during synthesis of nanostructured Fe-50at.%Cu alloy via MA process were evaluated in the current work. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that increasing the milling time and impact force give rise to increasing the micro-strain, lattice parameter and decreasing the crystallite size during the MA process. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized not only for evaluating the microstructure of the milled powder particles but also for proving this claim that during MA process, the mutual diffusion of Cu and Fe has occurred. The interpretation of data resulted have been discussed in details.

Preparation of Nanostructured Al-4.5wt%Mg Powder via Mechanical Alloying Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
Omid Ozhdelnia ◽  
Ali Mostaed ◽  
Ehsan Mostaed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ma Process ◽  
Xrd And Tem

In this work, the preparation of nanostructured Al-4.5wt%Mg powder through the mechanical alloying (MA) process was evaluated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to calculate the crystallite size and microstrain. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used not only to study the morphology of the powders but also to show the fact that the Mg powders were distributed during the MA process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also used to demonstrate whether the produced powders are nanostructured or not. XRD results showed that microstrain and crystallite size of milled powder (after 10 h milling at the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR) of 20:1) were ≈-0.34% and ≈20nm respectively. XRD and TEM results showed that Al12Mg17has been formed during MA process. This means that during this process, mutual diffusion of Al and Mg has occurred.

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