scholarly journals EMPIR European project for validation of vector array SAR measurement systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel Allal
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
European Research ◽  
Phase Information ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Traceable Calibration ◽  
Probe Array

In the context of the new international standard IEC 62209-3 developed within IEC Technical Committee TC 106, EURAMET is running European research project Vector SAR with the aim to provide the validation methods, software tools and datasets required for traceable calibration and uncertainty analysis of vector probe array systems that automatically determine the 3D electromagnetic field and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) mapping using amplitude and phase information through a 3D reconstruction algorithm.

scholarly journals Effect of A Superstrate on On-Head Matched Antennas for Biomedical Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Md Rokunuzzaman Robel ◽  
Asif Ahmed ◽  
Akram Alomainy ◽  
Wayne S. T. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Conducting Layer ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Field ◽  
Biomedical Diagnosis

The effect of using a superstrate dielectric layer on an on-head matched antenna for biomedical diagnosis applications is investigated. Two on-head matched antennas are considered with different length meandered lines ensuring operation around 0.9 GHz frequency. The first antenna’s conductive radiating structure is in direct contact with the head phantom, whereas the second one utilises a 0.5 mm thick superstrate layer on top of the conducting layer as a buffer. The lateral dimensions of both antennas are held constant at 30 × 30 mm2. The electric and magnetic field distribution is analysed and the power penetration, 50 mm inside the head phantom, is derived from the electromagnetic field surrounding the antennas. Both homogeneous and inhomogeneous head phantoms are considered while evaluating the antennas in terms of their reflection coefficient, current distribution, electric field, magnetic field, specific absorption rate (SAR) and power penetration inside the head. The antennas are fabricated and measured utilizing an inhomogeneous phantom to validate the proposed performance improvement using a superstrate. It is shown that the superstrate antenna achieves a ~8 dB increase in power penetration inside the head phantom along with a 0.0731 W/kg decrease in SAR compared to the antenna without a superstrate.

Short-wave electromagnetic field effects on adrenal glands functional status in the rats

10.12737/7594 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Алабовский ◽  
V. Alabovskiy ◽  
Кудряшов ◽  
Yu. Kudryashov ◽  
Перов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Tem Cell

The article presents the investigation results of the electromagnetic field biological effects on adrenal glands functional activity in the rats. The electromagnetic field exposure levels were typical electromagnetic fields of portable radios (walkie-talkies). Experiments were carried out on laboratory male rats. Experimental groups were exposured in a transverse electromagnetic wave cell - TEM cell. Sham animal groups were in similar conditions, but without electromagnetic field exposure. The exposure of experimental animals was carried out in three series (12 rats for each group) for three levels of the electric field strength such as 15; 25 and 35 V/m. Gluco-corticoid and mineral-corticoids adrenal functions were assessed by determining the corticosterone and of Na+ and K+ levels in daily urinary excretion. The animal specific absorption rate evaluations were calculated by using the program SEMCAD X v.14 and experimentally in the TEM cell. The dependences of the excretion of corticosterone and electrolytes on the specific absorption rate and exposure time, which indicate that for small values of electromagnetic energy absorption is stimulation of the adrenal glands functional activity, alternating with depression by specific absorption rate increasing.

scholarly journals A Study of specific absorption rate in human head due to electromagnetic exposure to 4G signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Siti Rokiah Abdul Mutalik ◽  
Mohd Hafizuddin Mat ◽  
Muzammil Jusoh ◽  
A. W. N. Husna
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Phantom Model

<span>This paper presents a numerical analysis of the specific absorption rate in SAM phantom exposed to electromagnetic field. A two set dipole antenna operating with 1800MHz and 2600MHz were placed parallel to the z-axis and rotated in clockwise from 0<sup>o</sup> (vertical) to 180<sup>o</sup> in steps of 30<sup>o</sup> to investigate the effect of frequency and polarization. The maximum average of 1gram and 10gram of tissue have been presented to show the effect of SAR in SAM phantom model. A comparison of the mass average SAR in head shows the 1g of SAR at 2600MHz is double to 1800MHz frequency. While for 10g of SAR, slightly different for both 1800MHz and 2600MHz.</span>

scholarly journals Exposure to electromagnetic field, cell phone use behaviors, SAR values, and changes in health following exposure in adolescent university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Ayşe İkinci keleş ◽  
Ceyda Uzun Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
General Feeling

ABSTRACT Background: The use of technological devices is growing rapidly, and the use of cell phones increases in parallel. Dependence on technological devices is a particular factor in this increased exposure. Many studies have been performed on this electromagnetic field, but no definite conclusions have been drawn. Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate exposure to electromagnetic field, cell phone use behaviors, the specific absorption rate (SAR) values, and changes in health occurring after exposure in university students. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 1,019 volunteer students aged 18–24 years at the Niğde Ömer Halisdemir and Recep Tayip Erdoğan Universities in 2018–2019. The questions were based on a survey of the literature. Results: The students spent an average 4–8 hours per day on their cell phones, and findings such as headache (p=0.002), concentration deficit (p=0.001), tiredness on waking in the morning (p=0.001), hyperactivity (p=0.001), general feeling of fatigue (p=0.001), and lethargy (p=0.001) increased in a statistically significant manner with length of use. Conclusions: Participants exhibited high levels of cell phone use and experienced biological, behavioral, and sleep problems. They also had very little knowledge about specific SAR values, an important criterion concerning cell phones.

Numerical Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate and Heat Transfer in the Human Body Exposed to Leakage Electromagnetic Field at 915 MHz and 2450 MHz

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerapot Wessapan ◽  
Siramate Srisawatdhisukul ◽  
Phadungsak Rattanadecho
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Transfer Problem ◽  
Bioheat Transfer ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Specific Absorption

In recent years, society has increased utilization of electromagnetic radiation in various applications. This radiation interacts with the human body and may lead to detrimental effects on human health. However, the resulting thermophysiologic response of the human body is not well understood. In order to gain insight into the phenomena occurring within the human body with temperature distribution induced by electromagnetic field, a detailed knowledge of absorbed power distribution is necessary. In this study, the effects of operating frequency and leakage power density on distributions of specific absorption rate and temperature profile within the human body are systematically investigated. This study focuses attention on organs in the human trunk. The specific absorption rate and the temperature distribution in various tissues, obtained by numerical solution of electromagnetic wave propagation coupled with unsteady bioheat transfer problem, are presented.

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