Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs in rural northeastern mainland China

Although Neospora caninum is an important veterinary pathogen, veterinarians in various areas including in Mainland China lack a full understanding of neosporosis distribution in dog populations. This study aims to determine the emergence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in canine populations classified based on breeders, herdsmen, and huntsmen in northeast mainland China. In addition, the risk factors associated with seropositivity were explored. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was performed on canine serum to determine seroprevalence. Logistic regression models were used to collect and analyze individual and management data, in order to determine high-reliability predictors of seroprevalence as well as the level of anti-N. caninum antibodies. Among the 476 dogs tested, 95 (20%) were seropositive. Mixed breed (OR 1.53), former strays (OR 1.38), dogs living on cattle farms (OR 2.30), hunting dogs (OR 1.22) as well as raw meat feeding (OR 1.66) were correlated (p < 0.05) with N. caninum infection. Interestingly, the seropositivity of dogs on cattle farms was higher (28%) than that of those (24.8%) living in breeding facilities (p < 0.05). A large number of seropositive dogs were found on cattle farms in the study region, suggesting horizontal transmission between dogs and cattle. Therefore, this source of infection should be studied further, and should be a strong consideration in differential diagnoses of dogs raised on cattle farms.

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Risk factor analysis associated with Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Western Brazilian Amazon

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120201088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Poliana de Jesus Souza Venturoso ◽

Osvaldo Juliatti Venturoso ◽

Gisele Glomba Silva ◽

Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽

Rute Witter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Present Survey ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control

Abstract Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the main causes of abortion among cattle. The present survey was conducted in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, Brazil. A questionnaire that investigates the epidemiological aspects of neosporosis was used in the analysis of risk factors associated with the animal-level and herd-level prevalence in dairy cattle. A total of 416 bovine blood samples were collected from 30 farms, and N. caninum antibody levels were measured by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Analysis of dairy cattle serum samples revealed the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to be 47.36% (n = 197). Risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were the management system and access locations of dogs. The results of the present survey indicated that infection of dairy cattle with N. caninum is widespread in the studied region of Western Amazon, which has implications for prevention and control of neosporosis in this region. Therefore, integrated control strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control N. caninum infection in dairy cattle. In addition, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and wild animals, which can influence the epidemiology of neosporosis, should be investigated further.

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Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in yaks ( Bos grunniens ) in China

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.05.022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 242 ◽

pp. 22-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qing-Feng Meng ◽

Gui-Zhe Yao ◽

Si-Yuan Qin ◽

Jian Wu ◽

Xi-Chen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Bos Grunniens

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Serosurveillance and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in water buffaloes (B. bubalis) from central and southern Mexico

Veterinary Parasitology Regional Studies and Reports ◽

10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100631 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100631

Author(s):

José Luis Salguero-Romero ◽

Dora Romero-Salas ◽

Anabel Cruz-Romero ◽

Miguel A. Alonso-Díaz ◽

Mariel Aguilar-Domínguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Southern Mexico ◽

Water Buffaloes

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Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region

Acta Veterinaria Brasilica ◽

10.21708/avb.2020.14.1.8936 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Samara dos Santos Silva ◽

Leonardo Vinícius Silva de Oliveira ◽

Radabley Rith Almeida de Oliveira ◽

Émerson Timóteo de Alcântara ◽

Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Arid Region ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

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Prevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in ovine flocks of central-western Mexico

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2019.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jesús Manuel Romo-Gallegos ◽

Carlos Cruz-Vázquez ◽

Leticia Medina-Esparza ◽

Miguel Ramos-Parra ◽

Dora Romero-Salas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Animal Species ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Domestic Animal ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Western Mexico ◽

The Mean

This study, carried out in 13 sheep flocks of central-western Mexico, aimed to identify the prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies, to develop a risk analysis of the infection and to estimate the prevalence of parasite DNA in blood. A total of 368 serum and blood samples were subjected to ELISA and PCR tests, respectively, and the association between the prevalence of antibodies and some management factors was estimated. The overall prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 13.5% [50/368; 95% confidence interval (CI) 10–17], ranging from 2.7 to 90% per flock, and 92% of the farms had seropositive animals. In ewes the prevalence was 14% (48/348, 95% CI 10–17) and in rams 10% (2/20; 95% CI 1– 33). The mean prevalence of Neospora DNA in blood was 27% (99/368, 95% CI 22–31), implying a range between 16 and 82%. In rams, the prevalence was 5% (1/20 95% CI 2–26), while in ewes it was 28% (98/348, 95% CI 23–33). The agreement between the tests was k = 0.19. The presence of other domestic animal species in the farms [odds ratio (OR) 4.4] and the consumption of placental debris, fetuses and stillborn lambs by dogs living in the farms (OR 5.8) were demonstrated to be risk factors.

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Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seropositivity in buffaloes in Paraiba State, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015066 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 459-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil ◽

Roberta Nunes Parentoni ◽

Thais Ferreira Feitosa ◽

Camila de Sousa Bezerra ◽

Vinicius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Management Systems ◽

Intensive Management ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract The aims of this survey were to determine the frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity among buffaloes in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. This survey included 136 buffaloes belonging to 14 herds. To detect anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used. Among the 136 samples analyzed, 17 (12.5%) were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies with titers ranging from 64 to 1,024, and 26 (19.1%) for anti-N. caninum with titers from 200 to 1,600. Animals seropositive for both T. gondii and N. caninum were found in 10 of the 14 herds (71.4%). Semi-intensive management systems (odds ratio = 2.99) and presence of pigs (odds ratio = 4.33) were identified as risk factors for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. It can be suggested that T. gondii and N. caninum are widespread in buffaloes in Paraíba, and that additional surveys are needed in order to ascertain the importance of these agents for this species and for pigs, and the influence of the farming type on occurrences of seropositive animals.

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189 EFFECT OF NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF DAIRY COWS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv22n1ab189 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. A. Pessoa ◽

C. A. M. Silva ◽

M. I. B. Rubin ◽

F. S. F. Vogel ◽

J. M. Trentin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Production Systems ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Diarrhea Virus

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of Neospora caninum (NC) infection on reproductive parameters of Holstein dairy cows. The study was performed at 32 farms in the south of Brazil, latitude 27°30′S to 31°S and longitude 51°30′W to 55°30 W Farms included in this study met rigorous vaccination schedule for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, leptospirosis, and brucellosis. Blood samples collected from the dairy cows were submitted to serologic testing by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and were distributed into 2 groups: seropositive (GP; n = 160) and seronegative (GN; n = 558). The dogs (n = 51) of the farms were tested by IFAT. After abortion, fetuses were frozen at -80°C and submitted to PCR detection of NC in tissues. Seropositive cows that aborted were also tested by IFAT. Pregnancies of GP and GN cows were mon- itored by periodic ultrasound exams. After parturition or abortion all cows in GP and GN groups were submitted to gynecological exams. Cows that developed disease (clinical mastitis, metabolic disease, or laminitis) after parturition or abortion were excluded from the analysis to prevent any distortion of data. Farms were divided into 3 categories according to production technology, specifically, average milk production per cow per lactation: high (>25 kg), medium (15-25 kg), and low (< 15 kg). Data was analyzed by ANOVA using SAS® software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) at a level of 5% significance and Student’s t-test for average reproductive parameters. The alternative hypothesis of the study was that at least 1 reproductive parameter was influenced in GP after abortion compared with GN cows that aborted. The null hypothesis was that there was no influence of NC antibody titer on reproductive parameters. The prevalence of antibody for NC in dairy cows was 24.48%. There was no prevalence difference among production systems (P > 0.05). The prevalence in dogs was 48.6% and did not differ among production systems. Fifty-nine (41.37%) NC-seropositive cows aborted. This differs significantly from the seronegative cow abortion rate (n = 17; 2.6%; P < 0.001). Occurrence of retained fetal membranes (RFM), endometritis, absence of uterine infection after abortion, and days between abortion and first estrus can be observed in Table 1. Abortion occurred between the fifth and eighth month of pregnancy. Occurrence of RFM was more frequent in cows that were seropositive. The period between abortion and first estrus was 79.06 v. 65.8 days for seropositive and seronegative groups, respectively, which differed significantly (P < 0.001). The results suggest that the higher occurrence of RFM after abortion in dairy NC-seropositive cows affects uterine involution, resulting in a delay of ovarian activity. Table 1.Neospora caninum seropositive and seronegative cows that aborted and their reproductive parameters. This study was supported by CNPq graduate funding.

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Detection of Neospora caninum Infection in Aborted Equine Fetuses in Israel

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9110962 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 962

Author(s):

Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz ◽

Lea Mimoun ◽

Gili Schvartz ◽

Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽

Igor Savitzki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Parasite Detection ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Equine Abortion

In horses, Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi have been associated with fetal loss, and neurological disease, respectively. This study investigated the role of Neospora spp. infection in equine abortion in Israel. The presence of anti-Neospora spp. antibodies was evaluated in 31 aborting mares by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the presence of parasite DNA in their aborted fetuses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two target loci (ITS1 and Nc5). The seroprevalence found in aborting mares was 70.9% and the prevalence by DNA detection in the aborted fetuses was 41.9%. Transplacental transmission from positive mares to their fetuses was 45.4% (10/22), while 33.3% (3/9) of fetuses of seronegative mares also tested positive for Neospora. The use of two PCR targets improved the sensitivity of parasite detection, and positive samples were identified by sequence analyses as N. caninum. These finding suggest that N. caninum could be a significant cause of abortion in horses, and that transplacental transmission in horses is an important way of transmission of N.caninum. The results presented here demonstrated the necessity to use several tests concurrently, including serological and molecular assays in order to confirm the involvement of Neospora in mare abortions.

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Infection by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle belonging to family farmers in the northern region of Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ricardo Vilas Boas ◽

Thábata dos Anjos Pacheco ◽

Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽

Anderson Castro Soares de Oliveira ◽

Daniel Moura de Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Northern Region ◽

Family Farms ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Spatial Lag Model ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

Lag Model

Neosporosis is considered a major cause of abortion among cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cattle and correlate them with possible risk factors on 63 small farms (family farms) in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, the main milk-producing region of the state of Rondônia, northern Brazil. For this purpose, 621 serum samples were collected from cows and were evaluated by means of the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The overall herd prevalence of N. caninum antibodies among the farms (38/63; 60.31%) showed that N. caninum are widespread among the dairy herds in this region, despite only infecting a small proportion of animals (66/621, 10.62%). Occurrences of abortion and birth of weak calves were the only variables that showed as risk factors for the presence of N. caninum. The result from the spatial lag model strongly indicated that birth of weak calves and presence of N. caninum are occurring on farms that are located close to each other, indicating aggregation of disease occurrence.

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