scholarly journals Spatialized corporatism between town and countryside

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Francesca Bonfante
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Rural Town ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
Corporate State

This contribution deals with the relationship between town planning, architectural design and landscape in the foundation of “new towns” in Italy. In doing so, I shall focus on the Pontine Marshes, giving due consideration to then emerging theories about the fascist corporate state, whose foundation act may be traced back to Giuseppe Bottai’s “Charter of Labour”. This political-cultural “model” purported a clear hierarchy between settlements, each bound for a specific role, for which specific functions were to be assigned to different parts of the city. Similarly, cultivations in the countryside were to specialise. In the Pontine Marshes, Littoria was to become a provincial capital and Sabaudia a tourist destination, Pontinia an industrial centre and Aprilia an eminently rural town. Whereas the term “corporatism” may remind the guild system of the Middle Age, its 1930s’ revival meant to effectively supports the need for a cohesive organization of socio-economic forces, whose recognition and classification was to support the legal-political order of the state. What was the corporate city supposed to be? Some Italian architects rephrased this question: what was the future city in Italy of the hundred cities? Bringing to the fore the distinguishing character of the settlements concerned, and based on the extensive literature available, this contribution discusses the composition of territorial and urban space, arguing that, in the Pontine Marshes, this entails the hierarchical triad farm-village-city, as well as an extraordinary figurative research at times hovering towards “classicism”, “rationalism” or “picturesque”. Composition and figuration are therefore not homogeneous, nor mere expressions of the fascist regime. They show instead a constant research, between aesthetics and practice, of an idea of modern city, of public space, of balance between city and countryside.

scholarly journals Design of Sound and Place - Recent Studios

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Paul MacDonald ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
The Public ◽  
Built Form

Urban public spaces and their associated architecture should be capable of eliciting responses from all of the human senses, yet traditionally urban and architectural designers rely primarily on visual display to persuade the public of the qualities of new proposals. As it becomes more common to use a variety of media to depict and simulate proposed urban spaces, designers and teachers of design look for ways to sensitize emerging designers to the full spectrum of sensations that inform potential users of a public space. The design studios discussed in this paper bring together the issues of the design of the experience of visual and aural settings, in an era of podcasts and ear-buds.In order to address issues of sound and public space, the author selected examples from two architectural design studios that took place in 2016 and 2018. Undergraduate students composed their own programs and projects to take into account the aural as well as visual qualities associated with their design intentions and ambitions. The process began with a programming phase to designate performing and listening as interactions that constitute primary activities happening in the context of the proposed public built form and related urban space. The research continued with an exploration of the tectonics and materials of the projects. Preliminary field research located and mapped small centralized urban organizations related to the sonic: collectives and small businesses working, for example, in the areas of sound recording, radio and musical performance.

scholarly journals Przestrzeń publiczna Kampusu Morasko w Poznaniu w opinii studentów

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
Peripheral Location ◽  
The One ◽  
Geological Sciences

Public space of the Morasko Campus in Poznań in the opinion of students Public spaces are an important part of urban space. The paper presents the results of the research on the assessment of the public space of the Morasko Campus situated in the northern part of Poznan. The analysis covers the years 2006 and 2017 and uses the semantic differential method worked out by Osgood, Succi and Tannenbaum in 1957. The study of public space was conducted in terms of five basic categories of spatial order: (1) town-planning – architectural order, (2) functional order, (3) aesthetic order, (4) social order and (5) ecological order. The obtained results show that, in the opinion of students, the Morasko space obtained a higher assessment in all the categories over the study period (an increase in the average assessment from 3.9 to 4.8). In 2017, ecological order was the category assessed highest , and functional order the one assessed lowest,. In the studied years the Campus space was assessed lowest by the students of the Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, which was caused by its peripheral location. Due to the great importance of the natural values of the Campus, their detailed description is presented at the end of the study. Zarys treści: Ważną częścią przestrzeni miejskiej są przestrzenie publiczne. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano wyniki badań na temat oceny przestrzeni Kampusu Morasko, położonego w północnej części Poznania. Zakres czasowy analizy obejmuje zasadniczo lata 2006 i 2017. W opracowaniu posłużono się metodą dyferencjału semantycznego opracowaną przez Osgooda, Succiego i Tannenbauma w 1957 r. Badanie przestrzeni publicznej przeprowadzono w odniesieniu do pięciu podstawowych kategorii ładu przestrzennego: 1) ładu urbanistyczno-architektonicznego, 2) ładu funkcjonalnego, 3) ładu estetycznego, 4) ładu społecznego oraz 5) ładu ekologicznego. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że zdaniem studentów w badanym okresie nastąpił wzrost oceny przestrzeni Kampusu Morasko we wszystkich kategoriach (wzrost średniej oceny syntetycznej z 3,9 do 4,8). W 2017 r. zdecydowanie najwyżej ocenianą kategorią był ład ekologiczny, a najniżej ład funkcjonalny. W badanych latach najgorzej przestrzeń Kampusu oceniali studenci Wydziału Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych, co spowodowane było peryferyjną lokalizacją tego wydziału. Ze względu na duże znaczenie walorów przyrodniczych Kampusu w końcowej części pracy przeprowadzono ich pogłębioną charakterystykę.

Sacred Space Becomes Public Space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deonnie Moodie
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
First Century ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Temple

At the turn of the twenty-first century, middle-class men and women formed non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and filed public interest litigation suits (PILs) in order to expand temple space, knock down buildings that block views of Kālīghāṭ’s façade, and remove undesirable materials and populations from its environs. Employing the language of cleanliness and order, they worked (and continue to work) to make Kālīghāṭ a “must-see” tourist attraction. Scholarship has shown that India’s new middle classes—those produced through India’s economic liberalization policies in the 1990s—desire highly visible forms demonstrating their modernity as well as their uniqueness on the international stage of urban space. The example of Kālīghāṭ indicates how India’s new middle classes build on the work of the old middle classes to deploy the temple as emblematic of both their modernity and their Indian-ness. In so doing, they read the idioms of public space onto sacred space.

scholarly journals “The street is ours”. A comparative analysis of street trading, Covid-19 and new street geographies in Harare, Zimbabwe and Kisumu, Kenya

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kiaka ◽  
Shiela Chikulo ◽  
Sacha Slootheer ◽  
Paul Hebinck
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Urban Food Security ◽  
Street Trading ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
City State ◽  
Abstract Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractThis collaborative and comparative paper deals with the impact of Covid-19 on the use and governance of public space and street trade in particular in two major African cities. The importance of street trading for urban food security and urban-based livelihoods is beyond dispute. Trading on the streets does, however, not occur in neutral or abstract spaces, but rather in lived-in and contested spaces, governed by what is referred to as ‘street geographies’, evoking outbreaks of violence and repression. Vendors are subjected to the politics of municipalities and the state to modernize the socio-spatial ordering of the city and the urban food economy through restructuring, regulating, and restricting street vending. Street vendors are harassed, streets are swept clean, and hygiene standards imposed. We argue here that the everyday struggle for the street has intensified since and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Mobility and the use of urban space either being restricted by the city-state or being defended and opened up by street traders, is common to the situation in Harare and Kisumu. Covid-19, we pose, redefines, and creates ‘new’ street geographies. These geographies pivot on agency and creativity employed by street trade actors while navigating the lockdown measures imposed by state actors. Traders navigate the space or room for manoeuvre they create for themselves, but this space unfolds only temporarily, opens for a few only and closes for most of the street traders who become more uncertain and vulnerable than ever before, irrespective of whether they are licensed, paying rents for vending stalls to the city, or ‘illegally’ vending on the street.

scholarly journals Zero-Tolerance in Catalonia: Policing the Other in Public Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lundsteen ◽  
Miquel Fernández González
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Sociocultural Practices

AbstractRecent studies have argued for more nuanced understandings of zero tolerance (ZT) policing, rendering it essential to analyze the significance and actual workings of the policies in practice, including the context in which they are introduced. This article aims to accomplish this through a comparison of two case studies in Catalonia: one in the neighborhood of Raval in Barcelona and one in Salt—a municipality in the comarca (or county) of Girona. We identify a transformation in the use of ZT policies in Catalonia and a contradiction between their social effects and proclaimed objectives. This article attempts to address how specific sociocultural groups gain power and privilege from these policies. The main argument is that a set of commonsensical ideas have become hegemonic, which allows and naturalizes certain sociocultural practices in urban space, while persecuting others, fundamentally pitting two categories against each other: the desired civil citizen and the undesirable and uncivil stranger.

Mocking Parades and the Place of Pagan Statuary in Late Antique Alexandria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-288
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stutz
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Mob Violence ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractWith the present paper I would like to discuss a particular form of procession which we may term mocking parades, a collective ritual aimed at ridiculing cultic objects from competing religious communities. The cases presented here are contextualized within incidents of pagan/Christian violence in Alexandria between the 4th and 5th centuries, entailing in one case the destruction of the Serapeum and in another the pillaging of the Isis shrine at Menouthis on the outskirts of Alexandria. As the literary accounts on these events suggest, such collective forms of mockery played an important role in the context of mob violence in general and of violence against sacred objects in particular. However, while historiographical and hagiographical sources from the period suggest that pagan statues underwent systematic destruction and mutilation, we can infer from the archaeological evidence a vast range of uses and re-adaptation of pagan statuary in the urban space, assuming among other functions that of decorating public spaces. I would like to build on the thesis that the parading of sacred images played a prominent role in the discourse on the value of pagan statuary in the public space. On the one hand, the statues carried through the streets became themselves objects of mockery and violence, involving the population of the city in a collective ritual of exorcism. On the other hand, the images paraded in the mocking parades could also become a means through which the urban space could become subject to new interpretations. Entering in visual contact with the still visible vestiges of the pagan past, with the temples and the statuary of the city, the “image of the city” became affected itself by the images paraded through the streets, as though to remind the inhabitants that the still-visible elements of Alexandria’s pagan topography now stood as defeated witnesses to Christianity’s victory.

The Private Eye of Public Life: Surveillance, Security, and Urban Governance in the City of Toronto

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carter
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Private Policing

Market forces increasingly drive the development of urban space in globalized cities. Following deindustrialization, some municipalities have become dependent upon tax revenues derived from office towers. City managers and officer tower developers work under the pressure of competition to ensure their spaces are attractive to this highly mobile work force; safety and security are key selling points. In Toronto, large sections of urban space have been privatized and are policed by private security. Much of the privately owned space is designed to be publicly accessible, creating new dynamics between private security and public police. Changes to federal and provincial legislation, combined with a rapid expansion in the deployment of private security guards, signal an emerging urban governance model that supports private-public partnerships in policing. Under the supervision of David Murakami Wood, I conducted interviews with high-ranking politicians, security professionals, and social services executives in Toronto. These interviews revealed concerns about the erosion of public space, the treatment of marginalized populations, and inadequate private security regulations. Some argue the legal rights of private property owners permit security and surveillance practices that violate democratic values. Clearly, there is tension between the market forces that inform private policing, and the civic accountability of public police forces that remains unresolved. My research suggests new legislation is required to ensure this emerging urban governance model, which features private policing, preserves the democratic rights and freedoms of all citizens.

Experiments in Rural Town Planning

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Frederic O. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Town Planning ◽  
Rural Town

scholarly journals Development vectors for the NNSUACE campus

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Anna Gelfond ◽  
Andrei Lapshin
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Principal Tool ◽  
The University ◽  
Education Science

The Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNSUACE) campus is located in Zapochainie, a historical area in Nizhny Novgorod, so the issues of revitalization of the historico-architectural environment and those concerning the methods of architectural design are interwoven in the text. The symbiotic relationship between education, science and practice used as a principal tool for the training of architects at NNSUACE made it possible to envision the evolution of the university campus. The article presents the projects proposed by professional architects and students in response to the need to meet both practical and ideological challenges – to transform the university campus into a viable public space.

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