Evaluation of Novel Cartilage Treatment Options for Clinical Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Jack Farr ◽  
Seth L. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Cartilage Treatment

scholarly journals Aktualitások a sérült immunitású betegek cytomegalovirusinfekcióinak ellátásában. II. Terápiás lehetőségek és ellátási stratégiák

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Sinkó
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Reactivation ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract: Although cytomegalovirus is one of the most prevalent viral pathogens on the globe, in immunocompetent individuals infected with cytomegalovirus usually no specific antiviral therapy is required. In the case of impaired T-cell mediated immunity, however, latent infection can reactivate and occasionally a viral disease with organ involvement develops. The number of actually available anti-cytomegalovirus drugs is low, for prophylaxis or treatment ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet or cidofovir can be administered. The clinical use of these drugs is primarily hampered by their toxicity. In search for new treatment options, only letermovir, a terminase complex inhibitor compound showed appropriate activity and tolerability. In a placebo-controlled clinical trial on prophylactic letermovir in stem cell transplant patients, administration of the active compound resulted in a significant decrease in human cytomegalovirus reactivations as well as in prolonged survival. No toxicity affecting clinical use has been observed. For management of patients being at high risk for cytomegalovirus reactivation, appropriate antiviral strategy should be followed. Antiviral prophylaxis or diagnostics-guided pre-emptive therapy seem to be the most suitable options. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(10): 363–369.

scholarly journals Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2761
Author(s):  
Fabiana Mallone ◽  
Marta Sacchetti ◽  
Alessandro Lambiase ◽  
Antonietta Moramarco
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Combinational Therapies

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer. In recent decades, major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and prognosis of UM allowing for tailored treatments. However, nearly 50% of patients still develop metastatic disease with survival rates of less than 1 year. There is currently no standard of adjuvant and metastatic treatment in UM, and available therapies are ineffective resulting from cutaneous melanoma protocols. Advances and novel treatment options including liver-directed therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted-therapy have been investigated in UM-dedicated clinical trials on single compounds or combinational therapies, with promising results. Therapies aimed at prolonging or targeting metastatic tumor dormancy provided encouraging results in other cancers, and need to be explored in UM. In this review, the latest progress in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of UM in adjuvant and metastatic settings are discussed. In addition, novel insights into tumor genetics, biology and immunology, and the mechanisms underlying metastatic dormancy are discussed. As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of this disease and the promising results from testing of novel individualized therapies could offer future perspectives for translating in clinical use.

scholarly journals Prognostic and Predictive Molecular Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer: Updates and Challenges

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koncina ◽  
Haan ◽  
Rauh ◽  
Letellier
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Mismatch Repair Gene ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Repair Gene ◽  
Biomarker Research

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death among cancer patients. This heterogeneous disease is characterized by alterations in multiple molecular pathways throughout its development. Mutations in RAS, along with the mismatch repair gene deficiency, are currently routinely tested in clinics. Such biomarkers provide information for patient risk stratification and for the choice of the best treatment options. Nevertheless, reliable and powerful prognostic markers that can identify “high-risk” CRC patients, who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, in early stages, are currently missing. To bridge this gap, genomic information has increasingly gained interest as a potential method for determining the risk of recurrence. However, due to several limitations of gene-based signatures, these have not yet been clinically implemented. In this review, we describe the different molecular markers in clinical use for CRC, highlight new markers that might become indispensable over the next years, discuss recently developed gene expression-based tests and highlight the challenges in biomarker research.

scholarly journals Treatment options of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpishchenko ◽  
S. V. Baranskaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Clinical Use

Currently, the pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is an urgent public health problem. Rhinosinusitis is one of the leading causes of patients seeking medical attention. In addition to traditional anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, decongestant and antihistamine therapy, agents with mucolytic properties are widely used. The basis of rhinosinusitis is a process of violation of mucociliary clearance. Sinonasal secretions in rhinosinusitis are more viscous,elastic, and adhesive than normal nasal mucus. A change in the composition of the nasal secretion leads to stagnation of the contents in the sinuses, promotes bacterial colonization. The appointment of mucolytics regulates secretion and normalizes the viscosity of the secretion. The article provides an example of the clinical use of Sinupret®.

scholarly journals Safety of Nicergoline as an Agent for Management of Cognitive Function Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Saletu ◽  
Amit Garg ◽  
Ahsan Shoeb
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Receptor Blocking ◽  
Blocking Property ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ergot Derivative

Nicergoline is a semisynthetic ergot derivative and has a selective alpha-1A adrenergic receptor blocking property and also other additional mechanisms of actions, both in the brain and in the periphery. It is in clinical use for over three decades in over fifty countries for conditions such as cerebral infarction, acute and chronic peripheral circulation disorders, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease and has been found to be beneficial in a variety of other conditions. However, concerns about its safety have been raised, especially after the European medicines agency’s (EMEA’s) restriction in the use of all ergot derivatives including nicergoline. But, most of the available literature and data suggest that the adverse events with nicergoline are mild and transient. Further, none of the available treatment options for cognitive disorders afford definitive resolution of symptoms. In this backdrop, we discuss the pharmacology of nicergoline with special emphasis on the safety of this compound, especially when used in patients suffering from cognitive function disorders.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Co-Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3575
Author(s):  
Kevin Wong ◽  
James Nguyen ◽  
Lillie Blair ◽  
Marina Banjanin ◽  
Bunraj Grewal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

Given that infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death amongst individuals living with HIV, understanding the complex mechanisms by which Mtb exacerbates HIV infection may lead to improved treatment options or adjuvant therapies. While it is well-understood how HIV compromises the immune system and leaves the host vulnerable to opportunistic infections such as Mtb, less is known about the interplay of disease once active Mtb is established. This review explores how glutathione (GSH) depletion, T cell exhaustion, granuloma formation, and TNF-α upregulation, as a result of Mtb infection, leads to an increase in HIV disease severity. This review also examines the difficulties of treating coinfected patients and suggests further research on the clinical use of GSH supplementation.

scholarly journals Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1671
Author(s):  
Kyle Bromma ◽  
Devika B. Chithrani
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity ◽  
Radiotherapy Dose

According to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to treat cancer patients. The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to further improve chemotherapy through controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, while local radiotherapy dose can be enhanced by targeting the GNPs to the tumor. There have been over 20 nanotechnology-based therapeutic products approved for clinical use in the past two decades. Hence, the goal of this review is to understand what we have achieved so far and what else we can do to accelerate clinical use of GNP-based therapeutic platforms to minimize normal tissue toxicity while increasing the efficacy of the treatment. Nanomedicine will revolutionize future cancer treatment options and our ultimate goal should be to develop treatments that have minimum side effects, for improving the quality of life of all cancer patients.

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy: New Players, New Tactics

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Vail ◽  
Douglas H. Thamm
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
New Product ◽  
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
The Press ◽  
Delivery Techniques

Veterinary clients often seek the same new and innovative cancer treatment options for their companion animals that they read about in the press or on the Internet. It is, therefore, necessary for the practitioner to have an understanding of the development of new and innovative cytotoxic drugs and delivery techniques. This article describes the drug development process and how a new product eventually finds its way into clinical use. Some of the newer drugs and delivery techniques applied to small animals are reviewed.

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