Commentary: Choosing the Right Model for Bile Reflux Induced Esophageal Disease Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Esophageal Disease ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Age-related selection bias in Parkinson's disease research: are we recruiting the right participants?

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus D. Macleod ◽  
Rachel Henery ◽  
Paul C. Nwajiugo ◽  
Nicholas W. Scott ◽  
Robert Caslake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals COLOPLASTY: AN ALTERNATIVE TO GASTRIC PULL-UP IN BENIGN DISEASES OF ESOPHAGUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Nitin R Nangare
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Part ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Colon Interposition ◽  
Esophageal Reconstruction ◽  
Jejunal Loop ◽  
Esophageal Disease ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
The Right

Restoration of swallowing in a patient with dysphagia due to nondilatable corrosive stricture of esophagus remains a surgical challenge. Organs available for replacement are stomach, jejunum, or colon. Jejunum is useful to replace a small segment, whereas stomach and colon are required for a long-segment replacement. In cases where the stomach is also injured, colon remains the only option. The route of colonic interposition has also been a subject of debate over the years. The choice of the colon as an esophageal substitute results primarily from the unavailability of the stomach. However, given its durability and function, colon interposition keeps elective indications in patients with benign or malignant esophageal disease who are potential candidates for long survival. The choice of the colonic portion used for esophageal reconstruction depends on the required length of the graft, and the encountered colonic vascular anatomy, the last being characterized by the near-invariability of the left colonic vessels, in contrast to the vascular pattern of the right side of the colon. Accordingly, the transverse colon with all or part of the ascending colon is the substitute of choice, positioned in the isoperistaltic direction, and supplied either from the left colic vessels for long grafts or middle colic vessels for shorter grafts. Technical key points are: full mobilization of the entire colon, identication of the main colonic vessels and collaterals, and a prolonged clamping test to ensure the permeability of the chosen nourishing pedicle. Transposition through the posterior mediastinum in the esophageal bed is the shortest one and thereby offers the best functional results. When the esophageal bed is not available, the retrosternal route is the preferred alternative option. The food bolus traveling mainly by gravity makes straightness of the conduit of paramount importance. The proximal anastomosis is a single-layer hand-fashioned endto- end anastomosis to prevent narrowing. When the stomach is available, the distal anastomosis is best performed at the posterior part of the antrum for the reasons of pedicle positioning and reux prevention, and a gastric drainage procedure is added when the esophagus and vagus nerves have been removed. In the other cases, a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop is preferable to prevent bile reux into the colon.To construct a colon interposition graft that is long enough, we examined a procedure in which the colon is transected proximally at the site of the cecum and the right colic artery is transected, in addition to ligation of the middle artery. Here we examined the series of 20 procedures for post-corrosive esophageal strictures treated with retrosternal colonic interpositions.

scholarly journals AMELIE speeds Mendelian diagnosis by matching patient phenotype and genotype to primary literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (544) ◽  
pp. eaau9113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Birgmeier ◽  
Maximilian Haeussler ◽  
Cole A. Deisseroth ◽  
Ethan H. Steinberg ◽  
Karthik A. Jagadeesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Mendelian Disorders ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
The Right

The diagnosis of Mendelian disorders requires labor-intensive literature research. Trained clinicians can spend hours looking for the right publication(s) supporting a single gene that best explains a patient’s disease. AMELIE (Automatic Mendelian Literature Evaluation) greatly accelerates this process. AMELIE parses all 29 million PubMed abstracts and downloads and further parses hundreds of thousands of full-text articles in search of information supporting the causality and associated phenotypes of most published genetic variants. AMELIE then prioritizes patient candidate variants for their likelihood of explaining any patient’s given set of phenotypes. Diagnosis of singleton patients (without relatives’ exomes) is the most time-consuming scenario, and AMELIE ranked the causative gene at the very top for 66% of 215 diagnosed singleton Mendelian patients from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders project. Evaluating only the top 11 AMELIE-scored genes of 127 (median) candidate genes per patient resulted in a rapid diagnosis in more than 90% of cases. AMELIE-based evaluation of all cases was 3 to 19 times more efficient than hand-curated database–based approaches. We replicated these results on a retrospective cohort of clinical cases from Stanford Children’s Health and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research. An analysis web portal with our most recent update, programmatic interface, and code is available at AMELIE.stanford.edu.

scholarly journals AMELIE 2 speeds up Mendelian diagnosis by matching patient phenotype & genotype to primary literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Birgmeier ◽  
Maximilian Haeussler ◽  
Cole A. Deisseroth ◽  
Ethan H. Steinberg ◽  
Karthik A. Jagadeesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Mendelian Disorders ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Web

AbstractThe diagnosis of Mendelian disorders requires labor-intensive literature research. Trained clinicians can spend hours looking for the right publication/s supporting a single gene that best explains a patient’s disease. AMELIE (Automatic Mendelian Literature Evaluation) greatly accelerates this process. AMELIE parses all 29 million PubMed abstracts, downloads and further parses hundreds of thousands of full text articles in search of information supporting the causality and associated phenotypes of any published genetic variant. AMELIE then prioritizes patient candidate variants for their likelihood of explaining any patient’s given set of phenotypes. Diagnosis of singleton patients (without relatives’ exomes) is the most time-consuming scenario. AMELIE ranked the causative gene at the very top in 2/3 of 215 diagnosed singleton Mendelian patients. Evaluating only the top 11 AMELIE scored genes of 127 (median) candidate genes per patient results in rapid diagnosis for 90+% of cases. AMELIE-based evaluation of all cases is 3-19x more efficient than hand-curated database-based approaches. We replicate these results on a cohort of clinical cases from Stanford Children’s Health and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research. An analysis web portal with our most recent update, programmatic interface and code will be available at AMELIE.stanford.edu. A pilot run of the web portal has already served many thousands of job submissions from dozens of countries.

scholarly journals Traditional Scales Diagnosis and Endophenotypes in Attentional Deficits Disorders: Are We on the Right Track?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Jiménez-Soto ◽  
Juan Pedro Vargas ◽  
Estrella Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos López
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The concept of ADHD has changed widely through the history of mental health classification manuals. In the past three decades, the number of ADHD diagnoses has hugely increased worldwide. One of the reasons to explain this fact could be the lack of precision, differentiation and adjust of the criteria and indicators of this disease. Research has detected as well, some subjectivity bias in the traditional assessment (based in questionnaires and behavioral scales), which is affecting to the precision in the diagnose and to the further adjustment to the treatment. In this regard, these diagnoses are based in symptoms but not in etiology of the disorder. Therefore, different disorders will share the same treatment, regardless etiology. A different approach is based on the study of vulnerable traits associated with impulsivity and attentional deficit. In a quantitative fashion; these traits could be used to define a specific endophenotype. This view would allow us a more precise medical/psychological assessment focus on patient along the life spam, avoiding a diagnostic based on the number of symptoms. Here, we discuss about the differences between traditional diagnosis scales and the possibilities to find endophenotypes in order to address a specific treatment.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

Study of charge transfer in FeTi

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
J. Taft∅
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Cscl Structure ◽  
The Right

It is well known that for reflections corresponding to large interplanar spacings (i.e., sin θ/λ small), the electron scattering amplitude, f, is sensitive to the ionicity and to the charge distribution around the atoms. We have used this in order to obtain information about the charge distribution in FeTi, which is a candidate for storage of hydrogen. Our goal is to study the changes in electron distribution in the presence of hydrogen, and also the ionicity of hydrogen in metals, but so far our study has been limited to pure FeTi. FeTi has the CsCl structure and thus Fe and Ti scatter with a phase difference of π into the 100-ref lections. Because Fe (Z = 26) is higher in the periodic system than Ti (Z = 22), an immediate “guess” would be that Fe has a larger scattering amplitude than Ti. However, relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations show that the opposite is the case for the 100-reflection. An explanation for this may be sought in the stronger localization of the d-electrons of the first row transition elements when moving to the right in the periodic table. The tabulated difference between fTi (100) and ffe (100) is small, however, and based on the values of the scattering amplitude for isolated atoms, the kinematical intensity of the 100-reflection is only 5.10-4 of the intensity of the 200-reflection.

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