Computed tomography and ultrasonography of acute renal abnormalities

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the variety and prevalence of renal and non-renal abnormalities detected on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) that precluded patients from donating a kidney.Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained and the requirement for informed consent was waived. A retrospective, single-centre review of 701 patients (444 female, 257 male; age range 18–86 years; mean age 43.2±11.9 years) that underwent renal donor protocol MDCT was conducted. A systematic review of the CT report, records from multidisciplinary renal transplantation rounds, and electronic medical records was performed to determine which patients were approved or declined as live renal donors. If declined as a donor, CT-identified reasons were categorized as abnormalities of renal vasculature, renal parenchyma, collecting system, or extra-renal.Results: A total of 81 patients were excluded as renal donors on the basis of CT findings. Abnormalities of the collecting system accounted for the most frequent cause of exclusion (n=41), with asymptomatic renal calculi being detected in 39 patients. Complex vascular anatomy and vascular abnormalities resulted in the exclusion of 29 patients. Supernumerary arteries and early arterial branching resulted in the exclusion of 20 patients, while renal vein anomalies leading to exclusion were uncommon (n=2). Abnormalities of renal parenchyma resulted in the exclusion of nine patients. Three patients were diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, two patients had renal cell carcinoma, and two patients had areas of cortical scarring. A complex cystic lesion requiring surveillance imaging was encountered in one patient and a large area of renal infarction related to prior adrenalectomy was demonstrated in one patient. Extra-renal abnormalities leading to exclusion were limited to two patients with pulmonary nodules.Conclusions: MDCT plays a critical role in the preoperative assessment of potential renal donors by identifying contraindications to donor nephrectomy and providing accurate vascular mapping. This study is anticipated to be informative for those involved in the workup of potential living renal donors by quantifying the incidence and reasons for donor exclusion identified on CT.

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Role of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Urography in Evaluation of Renal Tract Abnormalities

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/44561.13873 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

KR Shankar ◽

S Mythri

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Renal Masses ◽

Computed Tomography Urography ◽

Renal Abnormalities ◽

Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Introduction: Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) is currently the modality of choice for imaging the urinary tract. Advanced CTU allows a thorough evaluation of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and other structures simultaneously. Common conditions investigated by means of CTU include renal calculi, renal cancer, congenital kidney and ureter abnormalities, and certain renal inflammatory conditions. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) urography in diagnosing renal tract abnormalities and correlation of the imaging data with clinical features. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted between November 2017 and November 2019 involving fifty patients, aged 18-80 years with various renal abnormalities. This was a descriptive study involving both outpatients and inpatients. Triphasic examinations were carried out, including noncontrast, contrast enhanced and delayed images using a multidetector-row CT scanner. Chi-square and Fisher’s-Exact Test were used to assess the significance of study parameters. Results: Of the 50 suspected cases, 48 (96%) had renal tract abnormalities. The most common diagnosed condition was urolithiasis (36%), followed by congenital abnormalities (24%), renal masses/cysts/infections (14%), and bladder pathology/collecting system abnormalities/postoperative complications (16%). Urolithiasis was characterised by severe abdominal pain. Patients having renal masses in the urinary tract exhibited haematuria and weight loss. In case of congenital renal abnormalities, the clinical features were not significantly correlated. Conclusion: MDCT urography is a very useful tool for diagnosing renal tract abnormalities.

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X-ray microtomography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107058 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 998-999

Author(s):

H.W. Deckman ◽

B.F. Flannery ◽

J.H. Dunsmuir ◽

K.D' Amico

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Individual Element ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Panoramic Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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