Clinical and molecular basis of transfusion-induced immunomodulation: summary of the proceedings of a state-of-the-art conference*

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M BLAJCHMAN ◽  
S DZIK ◽  
E VAMVAKAS ◽  
J SWEENEY ◽  
E SNYDER
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
State Of The Art

Clinical and molecular basis of transfusion-induced immunomodulation: Summary of the proceedings of a state-of-the-art conference

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris A. Blajchman ◽  
Sunny Dzik ◽  
Eleftherios C. Vamvakas ◽  
Joseph Sweeney ◽  
Edward L. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
State Of The Art

scholarly journals My Life and Virus Research Journey

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said A. Ghabrial
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Continuous Learning ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Helminthosporium Victoriae ◽  
Transmissible Disease

My long career in virology has been a continuous learning exercise with a very modest start. Virology and related pertinent fields have changed significantly during my lifetime. Sometimes I wish that my career had just started and I could apply all available and state of the art technology to solving problems and explaining intriguing observations. I was always convinced that visiting growers’ fields is essential for researchers to get firsthand observations and knowledge of virus disease problems under field conditions. I never thought I would pursue so many avenues of research, yet it is true that research never ends. I enjoyed dissecting strain diversity in a very important plant pathogen like bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and using BPMV-based vectors to address fundamental virology questions. Lastly, solving the enigma of the transmissible disease of Helminthosporium victoriae and attempting to gain an understanding of the molecular basis of disease in a plant pathogenic fungus were thrilling.

scholarly journals Finding the molecular basis of complex genetic variation in humans and mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1467) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mott
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
The State ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Trait Analysis

I survey the state of the art in complex trait analysis, including the use of new experimental and computational technologies and resources becoming available, and the challenges facing us. I also discuss how the prospects of rodent model systems compare with association mapping in humans.

Inherited Abnormalities of Platelets

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (08) ◽  
pp. 468-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Nurden
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Giant Platelet ◽  
Platelet Morphology ◽  
Platelet Adherence ◽  
Platelet Disorders ◽  
Granule Secretion

IntroductionGenetic defects of platelets give rise to bleeding syndromes of varying severity. Affected areas of platelet function include the glycoprotein (GP) effectors of adhesion and aggregation, primary receptors for agonists, signaling pathways where messages are transmitted to targets elsewhere in the membrane or within the platelet, dense- and α-granule secretion, ATP production, and the expression of procoagulant activity. Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) and Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) are the best-characterized platelet diseases and will have a major place in this review. GT is caused by abnormalities of platelet membrane GP IIb-IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3), resulting in absent platelet aggregation. BSS is caused by abnormalities of the GP Ib-IX-V complex, resulting in a loss of platelet adherence to vessel wall subendothelium. The disorders affecting platelet morphology, which give rise to the so-called giant platelet syndromes, are also considered.Studies on platelet disorders are significant because the knowledge gained has provided a better understanding of the molecular basis of primary hemostasis and has helped in the development of new drugs for use in antithrombotic therapy. In 1987, this author gave the inaugural State-of-the-Art lecture at an International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis meeting.1 At that time, the application of molecular biology procedures to the study of platelet disorders was just beginning. Now, 12 years later, some of these data will be reviewed and the recent advances discussed.

scholarly journals Rare Human Diseases: Model Organisms in Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyna Poprzeczko ◽  
Marta Bicka ◽  
Hanan Farahat ◽  
Rafal Bazan ◽  
Anna Osinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Motile Cilia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a recessive heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia, affecting one per 15,000–30,000 individuals; however, the frequency of this disorder is likely underestimated. Even though more than 40 genes are currently associated with PCD, in the case of approximately 30% of patients, the genetic cause of the manifested PCD symptoms remains unknown. Because motile cilia are highly evolutionarily conserved organelles at both the proteomic and ultrastructural levels, analyses in the unicellular and multicellular model organisms can help not only to identify new proteins essential for cilia motility (and thus identify new putative PCD-causative genes), but also to elucidate the function of the proteins encoded by known PCD-causative genes. Consequently, studies involving model organisms can help us to understand the molecular mechanism(s) behind the phenotypic changes observed in the motile cilia of PCD affected patients. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in the genetics and biology of PCD and emphasize the impact of the studies conducted using model organisms on existing knowledge.

scholarly journals Glycosynthesis in a waterworld: new insight into the molecular basis of transglycosylation in retaining glycoside hydrolases

2015 ◽  
Vol 467 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Bissaro ◽  
Pierre Monsan ◽  
Régis Fauré ◽  
Michael J. O’Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Hydrolytic Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

Carbohydrates are ubiquitous in Nature and play vital roles in many biological systems. Therefore the synthesis of carbohydrate-based compounds is of considerable interest for both research and commercial purposes. However, carbohydrates are challenging, due to the large number of sugar subunits and the multiple ways in which these can be linked together. Therefore, to tackle the challenge of glycosynthesis, chemists are increasingly turning their attention towards enzymes, which are exquisitely adapted to the intricacy of these biomolecules. In Nature, glycosidic linkages are mainly synthesized by Leloir glycosyltransferases, but can result from the action of non-Leloir transglycosylases or phosphorylases. Advantageously for chemists, non-Leloir transglycosylases are glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that are readily available and exhibit a wide range of substrate specificities. Nevertheless, non-Leloir transglycosylases are unusual glycoside hydrolases in as much that they efficiently catalyse the formation of glycosidic bonds, whereas most glycoside hydrolases favour the mechanistically related hydrolysis reaction. Unfortunately, because non-Leloir transglycosylases are almost indistinguishable from their hydrolytic counterparts, it is unclear how these enzymes overcome the ubiquity of water, thus avoiding the hydrolytic reaction. Without this knowledge, it is impossible to rationally design non-Leloir transglycosylases using the vast diversity of glycoside hydrolases as protein templates. In this critical review, a careful analysis of literature data describing non-Leloir transglycosylases and their relationship to glycoside hydrolase counterparts is used to clarify the state of the art knowledge and to establish a new rational basis for the engineering of glycoside hydrolases.

Renilla Bioluminescence: A Morphologic Approach to the Location of Photocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Ben O. Spurlock ◽  
Milton J. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Electronic Excited State ◽  
Colonial Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

The phenomenon of bioluminescence has fascinated layman and scientist alike for many centuries. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries a number of observations were reported on the physiology of bioluminescence in Renilla, the common sea pansy. More recently biochemists have directed their attention to the molecular basis of luminosity in this colonial form. These studies have centered primarily on defining the chemical basis for bioluminescence and its control. It is now established that bioluminescence in Renilla arises due to the luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin. This results in the creation of a product (oxyluciferin) in an electronic excited state. The transition of oxyluciferin from its excited state to the ground state leads to light emission.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

Androgen-induced plasticity at a “vocal” neuromuscular synapse

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Darcy B. Kelley ◽  
Martha L. Tobias ◽  
Mark Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Neuromuscular Synapse ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Androgen Action ◽  
Clawed Frog

Brain and muscle are sexually differentiated tissues in which masculinization is controlled by the secretion of androgens from the testes. Sensitivity to androgen is conferred by the expression of an intracellular protein, the androgen receptor. A central problem of sexual differentiation is thus to understand the cellular and molecular basis of androgen action. We do not understand how hormone occupancy of a receptor translates into an alteration in the developmental program of the target cell. Our studies on sexual differentiation of brain and muscle in Xenopus laevis are designed to explore the molecular basis of androgen induced sexual differentiation by examining how this hormone controls the masculinization of brain and muscle targets.Our approach to this problem has focused on a highly androgen sensitive, sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system: laryngeal muscles and motor neurons of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. We have been studying sex differences at a synapse, the laryngeal neuromuscular junction, which mediates sexually dimorphic vocal behavior in Xenopus laevis frogs.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

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