Horizontally arranged zinc platelet electrodeposits modulated by fluorinated covalent organic framework film for high-rate and durable aqueous zinc ion batteries

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RZIBs) provide a promising complementarity to the existing lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost, non-toxicity and intrinsic safety. However, Zn anodes suffer from zinc dendrite growth and electrolyte corrosion, resulting in poor reversibility. Here, we develop an ultrathin, fluorinated two-dimensional porous covalent organic framework (FCOF) film as a protective layer on the Zn surface. The strong interaction between fluorine (F) in FCOF and Zn reduces the surface energy of the Zn (002) crystal plane, enabling the preferred growth of (002) planes during the electrodeposition process. As a result, Zn deposits show horizontally arranged platelet morphology with (002) orientations preferred. Furthermore, F-containing nanochannels facilitate ion transport and prevent electrolyte penetration for improving corrosion resistance. The FCOF@Zn symmetric cells achieve stability for over 750 h at an ultrahigh current density of 40 mA cm−2. The high-areal-capacity full cells demonstrate hundreds of cycles under high Zn utilization conditions.

Electron Microscope Characterization of Platelet Activation State Reveals That Wound Closure and P2Y 12 Receptors Are Major Early Determinants of Thrombus Structure in a Venous Puncture Model

Vascular damage presents in many forms and varying geometries. Nevertheless, the platelet response to endothelial damage to the blood vessel wall, be it through a prick or a full puncture wound, is thought to be staged by a qualitatively similar temporal variance in signaling agonists. For example, endothelial damage in the microvasculature is thought to be initially dominated by thrombin and later by platelet released ADP and thromboxane. The same temporal sequence in signaling has been proposed to exist in a profusely bleeding puncture wound 1. If so, platelet morphology, a gold standard of platelet activation state, could provide a strong readout of temporally distinct signaling effects. Platelet morphology has long been considered to be a reliable indicator of a strong agonist such as thrombin acting through PAR receptors that produces a rounded, pseudopod extending, degranulated, highly adhesive platelet versus weaker agonists such as ADP or thromboxane acting through P2Y 12 receptors to produce a less adhesive, somewhat rounded platelet. A testable prediction of existing hemostasis models is that temporal staging of signaling leads to temporal differences in platelet morphology within the forming/remodeling thrombus. Such hypothesized temporal differences in signaling are clinically significant as they form the basis for hypothesizing phenotypically distinct outcomes for direct acting anti-coagulants (DOACs) affecting thrombin versus anti-platelet drugs affecting P2Y 12, ADP receptors. Advances in imaging, e.g., wide area transmission electron microscopy (WA-TEM), make possible the local determination of platelet activation state with high precision 2. Taking a mouse jugular vein puncture wound model 1,2, we found that all morphologically recognized platelet activation states were present early, 1 min post puncture, with loosely bound discoid shaped platelets being the most peripherally located. For bleeding, early-stage puncture wound, these loosely adherent, low activation state platelets were located on both intravascular and extravascular thrombus aggregates. Once the puncture wound is closed, loosely adherent platelets were only found on the intravascular surfaces of the thrombus. We propose that this result is most consistent with a platelet conversion model in which new loosely adherent platelets rapidly convert to tightly packed platelets. As the thrombus remodels, 5 and 20 min post-puncture, the thrombus continued to accumulate platelets both intravascularly and extravascularly. Peripheral, discoid shaped platelets provided a source for intravascular thrombus growth. However, any subsequent extravascular thrombus growth must be due to platelet migration. Significantly, we found that cangrelor, a direct acting P2Y 12 inhibitor, stalled thrombus formation/remodeling at an early stage (Figure 1A,C,E see also ref 1,2). By WA-TEM, the accumulation of discoid-shaped, loosely adherent platelets appeared to be enhanced in a cangrelor treated 5 min thrombus (Figure 1E,F). We suggest that P2Y 12 receptors must act early in thrombus formation with the conversion of discoid to more activated platelets being most affected. In contrast, a 5-min post puncture dabigatran (DOAC) treated showed deformed architecture with inhibition of the accumulation of discoid shaped platelets/rounded loosely adherent platelets being most affected (Figure 1D,F, see also ref 2). Accumulation of degranulated platelets appeared to be lessened in both cangrelor and dabigatran treated thrombi. We propose that the simplest explanation of these results is that multiple signaling pathways act in parallel with select activation states being more dependent on one pathway than another. Clinically, our results suggest that P2Y 12 inhibitors can affect thrombus formation at early time points in addition to the late time points projected by current models. 1. Tomaiuolo M., Matzko C.N., Posentud-Fuentes I., Weisel J.W., Brass L.F. & Stalker T.J. Interrelationships between structure and function during the hemostatic response to injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 116. 2243-2252 (2019). 2. Rhee, Pokrovskaya I.D.,BallK., LingK., VedanapartiY., CohenJ., CruzD., ZhaoO.S., AronovaM.A., ZhangG., Kamykowski J.A., LeapmanR.D., & StorrieB. Venous puncture wound hemostasis results in a vaulted thrombus structured by locally nucleated platelet aggregates. Commun. Biol., accepted. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Platelet Phagocytosis by Neutrophils, Platelets Lack of Granules and Giant Platelets Result in Pseudothrombocytopenia

Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) is a condition in which the decreased platelet count does not agree with the clinical status of the patient, can lead to misdiagnose, unnecessary tests, unnecessary treatment. The present case describes a 73-year-old man suffered with pulmonary tuberculosis, treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, 2HRZE/4HR). One month later, the patient had a significant decrease in platelets (101 to 56 x109/L). Peripheral blood smear showed that 28% platelets were phagocytosis by neutrophils, 26% platelets were lack of granules and 6% platelets’ volume increased significantly. When the anticoagulant was changed from EDTA to sodium citrate, there was no change in the above phenomenon. By manual count, the value of platelets was 113 x 109/L. After the completion of anti-tuberculosis therapy, platelet morphology gradually returned to normal. HRZE treatment may cause platelet morphology abnormal, resulting in PTCP. In such cases, we should regularly review the peripheral blood smear to ensure the accuracy of the results and avoid unnecessary examination and treatment. The emergence of PTCP may does not mean the presence of specific disorders.

Insight into the Role of Cerium (III) Addition to a MgAl-LDH Coating on AA6082

In this work, Ce doped MgAl-LDHs layers have been developed through an in-situ synthesis method on 6082 aluminum surface. The aim was to gain mechanistic insight into the role of Ce(III) as an active corrosion inhibitor embedded in the LDHs layer. The development of the LDH structure was verified by checking the presence of the characteristic XRD peaks, the platelet morphology (evaluated by SEM-EDXS) and the functional groups (by FTIR-ATR analyses). The same techniques were employed to assess the effect of a prolonged immersion time in 0.1 NaCl on the Ce doped MgAl-LDH coatings. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to monitor the evolution of the electrochemical properties of the coatings during prolonged immersion in saline solutions. The findings suggest a crystallization/dissolution/precipitation mechanism which implies: (i) the formation of crystalline cerium compounds, such as Ce(OH)3, in the LDH structure during the synthesis; (ii) the dissolution upon exposure to the NaCl solution, thus leading to cerium ions release; (iii) the precipitation of amorphous Ce oxides/hydroxides at the cathodic sites when the metal starts to corrode; (iv), the consequent mitigation of the electrochemical activity of the metal and, thus, the reduction of the extent of corrosion.

Diagnosing Inherited Platelet Disorders: Modalities and Consequences

Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a group of rare conditions featured by reduced circulating platelets and/or impaired platelet function causing variable bleeding tendency. Additional hematological or non hematological features, which can be congenital or acquired, distinctively mark the clinical picture of a subgroup of patients. Recognizing an IPD is challenging, and diagnostic delay or mistakes are frequent. Despite the increasing availability of next-generation sequencing, a careful phenotyping of suspected patients—concerning the general clinical features, platelet morphology, and function—is still demanded. The cornerstones of IPD diagnosis are clinical evaluation, laboratory characterization, and genetic testing. Achieving a diagnosis of IPD is desirable for several reasons, including the possibility of tailored therapeutic strategies and individual follow-up programs. However, detailed investigations can also open complex scenarios raising ethical issues in case of IPDs predisposing to hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of IPD diagnostic workup, from the interview with the proband to the molecular confirmation of the suspected disorder. The main implications of an IPD diagnosis are also discussed.

Minute-Made, High-Efficiency Nanostructured Bi2Te3 via High-Throughput Green Solution Chemical Synthesis

Scalable synthetic strategies for high-quality and reproducible thermoelectric (TE) materials is an essential step for advancing the TE technology. We present here very rapid and effective methods for the synthesis of nanostructured bismuth telluride materials with promising TE performance. The methodology is based on an effective volume heating using microwaves, leading to highly crystalline nanostructured powders, in a reaction duration of two minutes. As the solvents, we demonstrate that water with a high dielectric constant is as good a solvent as ethylene glycol (EG) for the synthetic process, providing a greener reaction media. Crystal structure, crystallinity, morphology, microstructure and surface chemistry of these materials were evaluated using XRD, SEM/TEM, XPS and zeta potential characterization techniques. Nanostructured particles with hexagonal platelet morphology were observed in both systems. Surfaces show various degrees of oxidation, and signatures of the precursors used. Thermoelectric transport properties were evaluated using electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity measurements to estimate the TE figure-of-merit, ZT. Low thermal conductivity values were obtained, mainly due to the increased density of boundaries via materials nanostructuring. The estimated ZT values of 0.8–0.9 was reached in the 300–375 K temperature range for the hydrothermally synthesized sample, while 0.9–1 was reached in the 425–525 K temperature range for the polyol (EG) sample. Considering the energy and time efficiency of the synthetic processes developed in this work, these are rather promising ZT values paving the way for a wider impact of these strategic materials with a minimum environmental impact.

Association between central non-dipping pattern and platelet morphology in adults with type 1 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

The non-dipping pattern is nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP) fall of less than 10%. Several studies showed that the non-dipping pattern, increased mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Hypertensives with the non-dipping pattern have higher MPV than the dippers but this relationship was never investigated among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between the central dipping pattern and platelet morphology in T1DM subjects. We measured the central and brachial blood pressure with a validated non-invasive brachial oscillometric device—Arteriograph 24—during twenty-four-hour analysis in T1DM subjects without diagnosed hypertension. The group was divided based on the central dipping pattern for the dippers and the non-dippers. From a total of 62 subjects (32 males) aged 30.1 (25.7–37) years with T1DM duration 15.0 (9.0–20) years, 36 were non-dippers. The non-dipper group had significantly higher MPV (MPV (10.8 [10.3–11.5] vs 10.4 [10.0–10.7] fl; p = 0.041) and PDW (13.2 [11.7–14.9] vs 12.3 [11.7–12.8] fl; p = 0.029) than dipper group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that MPV (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.48–9.45; p = 0.005) and PDW (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3.00; p = 0.005) were positively associated with central non-dipping pattern adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, daily insulin intake, and height. MPV and PDW are positively associated with the central non-dipping pattern among people with T1DM.

Effects of Cocoa Genotypes on Coat Color, Platelets and Coagulation Parameters in French Bulldogs

A nonsense variant in HPS3, c.2420G>A or p.Trp807*, was recently discovered as the cause for a brown coat color termed cocoa in French Bulldogs. Here, we studied the genotype–phenotype correlation regarding coat color in HPS3 mutant dogs that carried various combinations of mutant alleles at other coat color genes. Different combinations of HPS3, MLPH and TYRP1 genotypes resulted in subtly different shades of brown coat colors. As HPS3 variants in humans cause the Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome type 3, which in addition to oculocutaneous albinism is characterized by a storage pool deficiency leading to bleeding tendency, we also investigated the phenotypic consequences of the HPS3 variant in French Bulldogs on hematological parameters. HPS3 mutant dogs had a significantly lowered platelet dense granules abundance. However, no increased bleeding tendencies in daily routine were reported by dog owners. We therefore conclude that in dogs, the phenotypic effect of the HPS3 variant is largely restricted to pigmentation. While an effect on platelet morphology is evident, we did not obtain any indications for major health problems associated with the cocoa coat color in French Bulldogs. Further studies will be necessary to definitely rule out very subtle effects on visual acuity or a clinically relevant bleeding disorder.

Deletion of Mfsd2b impairs thrombotic functions of platelets

We recently discovered that Mfsd2b, which is the S1P exporter found in blood cells. Here, we report that Mfsd2b is critical for the release of all S1P species in both resting and activated platelets. We show that resting platelets store S1P in the cytoplasm. After activation, this S1P pool is delivered to the plasma membrane, where Mfsd2b is predominantly localized for export. Employing knockout mice of Mfsd2b, we reveal that platelets contribute a minor amount of plasma S1P. Nevertheless, Mfsd2b deletion in whole body or platelets impairs platelet morphology and functions. In particular, Mfsd2b knockout mice show significantly reduced thrombus formation. We show that loss of Mfsd2b affects intrinsic platelet functions as part of remarkable sphingolipid accumulation. These findings indicate that accumulation of sphingolipids including S1P by deletion of Mfsd2b strongly impairs platelet functions, which suggests that the transporter may be a target for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.

Case studies on the association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with Thrombocytopenia and Reactive Thrombocytosis

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent blood disorder. Iron deficiency stands as a major cause for most of the anemia cases in the country. So, suggestions and efforts are being made to signify the importance of iron in regular diet and in the form of supplementation. Iron deficiency can be addressed effectively but when untreated it can lead to other severe disorders. Thrombocytosis and Thrombocytopenia are two interlinked related to iron deficiency in most cases. Literature suggests that Reactive thrombocytosis (RT) is common in patients with iron deficiency. This study focusses on the retrospective investigations and correlation of the relationship between the ferritin content, anemia, platelet counts and normalization of the same with iron supplementation. Out of the 165 patients, 72 were fit for the study after subjecting to the exclusion criteria of inflammatory diseases, infections, neoplasms etc. These 72 were segregated on the basis of the diagnosis of Thrombocytosis or Thrombocytopenia to establish proper correlation. 61 of 72 patients were diagnosed with thrombocytosis which constituted about 84.72% of the selected patients. 11 of 72 patients were diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. In this study it is clearly evident that both reactive thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia are resultant of IDA. The platelet levels were elevated in many patients and in few their levels were lowered . The determining factor of platelets count is ferritin saturation. The changes in the iron saturation resulted in both elevation and depression in the platelet count. The platelet morphology lead to the changes in the platelet parameters. it can be advocated that both the conditions are rare and can occur concurrently in patients with IDA.