scholarly journals Prediabetes is Characterized by Higher FGF23 Levels and Higher Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Compared to Normal Glucose Tolerance Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoaneta Gateva ◽  
Yavor Assyov ◽  
Adelina Tsakova ◽  
Zdravko Kamenov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Metabolism

AbstractIn the last years there is an increasing interest towards the bone as an endocrine organ and the role of bone and calcium-phosphate metabolism markers in a range of metabolic disturbances. The aim of the present study is to assess the changes of calcium phosphate metabolism markers in patients with prediabetes compared to normogycemic controls and their link to glucose disturbances and cardiovascular risk factors. In this study, 80 patients with mean age 50.4±10.6 years were included, divided into 2 age- and BMI-matched groups – group 1 with obesity without glycemic disturbances (n=41) and group 2 with obesity and prediabetes (n=39). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measurement of immunoreactive insulin was performed in all participants and levels of PTH, 25(OH)D, FGF23, and Klotho were measured. We found significantly higher levels of FGF23 in patients with prediabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance subjects (10.4±10.7 vs. 5.8±7.3 pg/ml; p=0.03). FGF23 showed a weak positive correlation to fasting blood glucose (r=0.224; p=0.048) but not to blood glucose on the first and second hour of oral glucose tolerance test or insulin levels. There was extremely high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both groups. Lower levels of 25(OH)D were observed in prediabetes group, although without statistical significance (p=0.57). Patients with prediabetes have higher FGF23 levels and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared to normal glucose tolerance subjects. Elevated FGF23 levels seem to be correlated more to elevated fasting blood glucose levels than to insulin resistance state of the patients.

Psychiatric Aspects of Diabetes—a Physician's View

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Normal Glucose

A raised blood sugar level no more defines a single entity than does a raised bilirubin or a low haemoglobin. Diabetes is a heterogenous group of disorders whose only common factor is hyperglycaemia (Tattersallet al, 1980). The classification of diabetes is being revised, although the changes are of more relevance to epidemiologists than clinicians. Previous standards of normal glucose tolerance were set too low, so that some people were labelled diabetic who had no symptoms and have proved on follow-up not to be at risk of developing complications such as retinopathy (i.e. they had a non-disease). Epidemiological evidence suggests that the cut-off point for ‘true’ diabetes (i.e. a condition which leads to complications and shortening of life span) is a blood glucose level two hours after a 50 G oral glucose load of 11.1 mMol/L (National Diabetes Data Group, 1979). This corresponds to a fasting blood glucose level of 7 mMol/L or below. Hence, a single blood glucose value, either in the fasting state or two hours after a 50 G glucose load, is enough to diagnose diabetes and glucose tolerance tests should hardly ever be necessary.

scholarly journals GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
M. IKRAM ◽  
SYED HAIDER HASAN ALAM ◽  
SHAFQAT MUKHTAR ◽  
M. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is common disorder in pregnancy. It is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. There is no consensus regarding the optimal approach to screening of gestational diabetes mellitus. The present study has tried toobserve the value of fasting blood glucose in screening of gestational diabetes. Objective: To determine the frequency of patients in whomfasting blood glucose and 100gm glucose tolerance show agreement for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus at 24 -28 wks. Studydesign: Comparative cross sectional study. Settings: The study was conducted at Gynecology and Obstetrics department Shaikh ZayedFederal Post Graduate Institute Lahore. Duration of study with dates: 6 months from 12Nov 2010 to 11 May 2011. Material and method: Thestudy included 135 booked patients with positive family history of diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent fasting blood glucose at 24-28 weeksof gestation, regardless of results of fasting blood glucose on next visit they underwent 100g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The agreementbetween fasting blood glucose and 100g oral glucose tolerance test was calculated in frequency and percentages. Results: The mean age ofwomen in studied population was 27.15±3.70.Out of 135 patients 86.7 %( 117) showed agreement between results of fasting blood glucose and100g OGTT while 13.31 %( 18) showed no agreement between both of the tests. Conclusions: Fasting blood glucose is a good screeningoption for gestational diabetes mellitus along with positive history. It provides a simple, cheap and more practical test for screening of gestationaldiabetes mellitus. However diagnostic confirmation with 100g OGTT should be done.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Blood Glucose Level through Downregulation of Gluconeogenesis Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eko Farida ◽  
Lilis Nuraida ◽  
Puspo E. Giriwono ◽  
Betty S. L. Jenie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose

Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are observed to be potential probiotics with functional properties such as lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG), as a promising hyperglycemia management. This study investigated the ability and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BSL and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 on lowering FBG in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were orally administered with L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 by giving 1 mL cell suspension (109 CFU/mL) daily for 30 days. The body weight (BW) was recorded once in three days, and FBG was recorded once in six days. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured 1 week after injection with STZ and before sacrifice. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 for LAB population and identification, performed by PCR detecting 16S rRNA. Oral administration of L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 decreased FBG and improved glucose tolerance via downregulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) expression by 0.57- and 0.60-fold change, respectively (P<0.05). The lipid profiles, BUN, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT were significantly (P<0.05) different between normal and diabetic rats, but they were not significantly (P>0.05) different among diabetic rats. Both strains were effective in increasing fecal LAB population. Molecular identification of the isolated LAB from fecal sample indicated that they were able to survive and pass through the digestive tract. These results suggested that both strains have the ability to manage blood glucose level and become a promising agent to manage hyperglycemia and diabetes.

scholarly journals The Association between Hyperglycemia and Fracture Risk in Middle Age. A Prospective, Population-Based Study of 22,444 Men and 10,902 Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Holmberg ◽  
P. M. Nilsson ◽  
J-Å. Nilsson ◽  
K. Åkesson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Multiple Fractures

Abstract Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fracture risk, whereas the risk associated with type 2 diabetes is less obvious. Elevated fasting blood glucose and high 2-h glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test indicate impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. The associations among fasting blood glucose, 2-h glucose, and the risk of fracture were investigated. Methods: The Malmö Preventive Project consists of 22,444 men (44 ± 6.6 yr) and 10,902 women (50 ±7.4 yr), with a follow-up of 19 yr (±3.9) and 15 yr (±4.5) for incident fractures. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. A logistic regression model was used. Adjustments were made for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Results: Low-energy fractures were recorded in 1246 men and 1236 women. A 2-h glucose measurement between 4.3 and 6.2 mmol/liter in men (second and third quartile), and above 6.5 mmol/liter in women (third and fourth quartile), adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multiple fractures, in men [odds ratios (ORs) 0.57–0.71] and women (ORs 0.38–0.66). In women, a 2-h glucose measurement above 7.5 mmol/liter was associated with a decreased risk of osteoporotic fractures (OR 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.74). Conclusions: In middle-aged men and women, elevated 2-h glucose levels were associated with decreased risks of multiple and osteoporotic fractures, independent of age, BMI, and smoking. A high 2-h glucose level is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance with a high insulin level. Our findings indirectly suggest a positive effect on bone from hyperglycemia.

PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID, PLASMA INSULIN AND BLOOD SUGAR OF NORMAL FASTING AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERCORTICISM

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Harding Asfeldt ◽  
Kai R. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Transient, maximum stimulation with β1–24 corticotrophin has been carried out in nine normal fasting subjects, in two fasting diabetics without hypercorticism and in three fasting diabetics with hypercorticism. Fluorimetric determinations of corticosteroids and determinations of immunological detectable insulin in plasma and blood sugar were made during stimulation. No significant variation in the blood sugar or the plasma insulin during transient, maximum ACTH stimulation was found either in normal fasting subjects or in fasting diabetics with or without hypercorticism. Moreover, in two diabetics with hypercorticism the plasma insulin response was measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. After treatment for approximately seven months with glucocorticosteroids, a reduced glucose tolerance and an increased plasma insulin response were found in one of these two patients. Four and a half months after the termination of steroid treatment, normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin responses were observed. In one patient, after several years of hypercorticism, a reduced glucose tolerance and a markedly reduced plasma insulin response were found.

scholarly journals Inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese subjects: associations with glucose abnormalities and changes after oral glucose

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Hofsø ◽  
Thor Ueland ◽  
Helle Hager ◽  
Trond Jenssen ◽  
Jens Bollerslev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

ObjectiveTo explore inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese (MO) subjects with various categories of glucose tolerance and to study the changes in these mediators after an oral glucose load.DesignCross-sectional and experimental study.MethodsA total of 144 MO subjects were classified into three categories: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); pre-diabetes; and new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) were included, as were 27 normal weight normoglycemic controls. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsFasting levels of leptin and IL-1Ra were consistently higher in obese persons (P<0.001 and P<0.05). MO subjects with NGT had higher CRP levels (P<0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (P<0.05) compared to controls. Yet when compared with MO subjects with NODM, those with NGT had lower CRP levels and higher adiponectin levels (both P<0.05). Baseline OPG and visfatin levels did not differ between the groups (P=0.326 and P=0.198). During OGTT, OPG levels decreased (P<0.001) and visfatin levels increased transiently (P=0.018). The response in OPG and visfatin did not differ between the groups (P=0.690 and P=0.170). There were minor changes in adiponectin and leptin levels.ConclusionsMorbid obesity and glucose intolerance were associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher CRP levels, thus supporting a relationship between obesity, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Oral glucose suppressed OPG levels and transiently enhanced visfatin levels independent of obesity and glucose tolerance status, indicating that glucose may be involved in the acute regulation of these proteins.

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Alcohol Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guang Yin ◽  
Keizo Ohnaka ◽  
Makiko Morita ◽  
Shinji Tabata ◽  
Osamu Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status

This study investigated the association of ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms with glucose tolerance status, as determined by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and effect modification of these polymorphisms on the association between alcohol consumption and glucose intolerance in male officials of the Self-Defense Forces. The study subjects included 1520 men with normal glucose tolerance, 553 with prediabetic condition (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance), and 235 men with type 2 diabetes. There was an evident interaction between alcohol consumption and ADH1B polymorphism in relation to type 2 diabetes (interaction P=.03). The ALDH2487Lys allele was associated with a decreased prevalence odds of type 2 diabetes regardless of alcohol consumption. In conclusion, the ADH1B polymorphism modified the association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes. A positive association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes was confounded by ALDH2 polymorphism.

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