Gut Microbiota of Pigs Metabolizes Extracts of Filipendula ulmaria and Orthosiphon aristatus–Herbal Remedies Used in Urinary Tract Disorders

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Popowski ◽  
Jürgen Zentek ◽  
Jakub P. Piwowarski ◽  
Sebastian Granica
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Filipendula Ulmaria ◽  
Urinary Tract Disorders ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractUrinary tract infections influence the mortality rate in pigs and are linked to extensive antibiotic usage in the farm industry. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. are widespread medicinal plants traditionally used to treat urinary tract disorders. As their preparations are orally administered, the metabolism of their constituents by gut microbiota before absorption should be considered. Until now, no experiments had been performed to describe the biotransformation of tthose plantsʼ extracts by animal gut microbiota. The study evaluates the influence of pig intestinal microbiota on the structure of active compounds in flowers of F. ulmaria and leaves of O. aristatus. The incubations of the extracts with piglet gut microbiota were performed in anaerobic conditions, and the samples of the batch culture were collected for 24 h. In F. ulmaria, the main metabolites were quercetin and kaempferol, which were products of the deglycosylation of flavonoids. After 24 h incubation of O. aristatus extract with the piglet gut microbiota, 2 main metabolites were observed. One, tentatively identified as 3-(3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, is likely the primary metabolite of the most abundant depsides and phenolic acids. The results confirm the formation of the compounds with anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity in the microbiota cultures, which might suggest F. ulmaria and O. aristatus for treating urinary tract disorders in piglets. Based on the similarities of human and pig gut microbiota, the pig model can help estimate the metabolic pathways of natural products in humans.

scholarly journals  Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infections in three dogs: a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kralova-Kovarikova ◽  
R. Husnik ◽  
D. Honzak ◽  
P. Kohout ◽  
P. Fictum
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Urinary Tract Disorders ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from three dogs with lower urinary tract disorders. The bacterium was cultured from bladder wall biopsy specimens obtained during cystoscopy, whereas urine culture was negative in all cases. The culture of biopsy specimens is useful and may help with the therapy even if diagnosis of the primary disease has been made.    

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of marbofloxacin in dogs and cats diagnosed with lower urinary tract disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6269-2019
Author(s):  
BANU DOKUZEYLÜL ◽  
BARAN ÇELIK ◽  
BELGI DIREN SIĞIRCI ◽  
BEREN BAŞARAN KAHRAMAN ◽  
SINEM ÜLGEN SAKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Tract Disorders ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

Marbofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones developed exclusively for veterinary medicine. The primary aim of the present study is to identify and assess evidence for marbofloxacin’s clinical efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections in small animal practice. The study included 118 dogs and 123 cats that were referred to the Internal Medicine Department with lower urinary tract symptoms. We excluded animals that had received antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory therapy in the previous 15 days. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical findings, urinalysis, and imaging. Rectal temperature, appetite, urinary signs, and abdominal pain were monitored during two visits (day 0 and 14). The timetable depended on the diagnosis of the following: two urinalyses, two bacterial examinations, and antibacterial susceptibility testing were performed for each case. Bacterial UTI were confirmed in 36 dogs and 28 cats. Urine samples were collected on day 0, which demonstrated the presence of various bacteria, with a marked predominance of P. mirabilis and coagulase-positive Staphylococci in canine and feline urine samples, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed 25 (65.7%) of dog isolates and 24 (85.7%) of cat isolates were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Treatment of UTIs is generally challenging for the small animal practitioner. Because of the need for long-term antimicrobials, bacterial culture and susceptibility tests are especially important for successful treatment. Marbofloxacin can be part of an effective treatment of UTIs in dogs and cats.

scholarly journals Western herbal remedies for Urinary Tract infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 049-060
Author(s):  
Gatea Kaabi Sadeq Abdulridha ◽  
Abdulrazaq Raghad Abdulatif ◽  
Rasool Khetam Habeeb ◽  
Khassaf Salam Ali
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Pathogenetic Role and Possibilities for Correction of Gut Microbiota Disorders in Urinary Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
N. V. Sturov ◽  
S. V. Popov ◽  
V. A. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Tract Infections

The article presents current data on the role of gut microbiota in the development of urinary tract infections. The main pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to the chronic recurrent course of the disease, the spread of antimicrobial resistance, as well as their connection to the disorders of gut microbiota are shown. It is known that most pathogens of urinary infections originate from the gut microbiota, where they exist for a long time, forming reservoirs. The normal composition and functions of the microbiota prevent colonization of the intestine by pathogenic bacteria and reduce the risk of developing this disease. Ways of correction through diet, probiotics, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation are considered. Modulation of gut microbiota may be a promising approach in the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections. Meanwhile, a qualitative evidence base on the effectiveness of this strategy has not been formed. Further research in this direction is required.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli B2 Phylogenetic Subgroups in the Infant Gut Microbiota: Predominance of Uropathogenic Lineages in Swedish Infants and Enteropathogenic Lineages in Pakistani Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough L. Nowrouzian ◽  
Olivier Clermont ◽  
Mona Edin ◽  
Anna Östblom ◽  
Erick Denamur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli segregates into phylogenetic groups, with group B2 containing both extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains. Ten main B2 subgroups (subgroups I to X)/sequence type complexes (STcs), as well as EPEC lineages, have been identified. In the current study, we characterized ExPEC and EPEC strains of E. coli B2 phylogenetic subgroups/STcs that colonize Swedish and Pakistani infants. Gut commensal E. coli B2 strains, 120 from Swedish infants (n = 87) and 19 from Pakistani infants (n = 12), were assigned to B2 subgroups. Carriage of the bundle-forming pili and intimin adhesin was examined in the EPEC lineages. The ExPEC virulence markers and the time of persistence of the strains in the microbiota were previously determined. In total, 84% of the Swedish strains and 47% of the Pakistani strains belonged to 1 of the 10 main B2 subgroups (P = 0.001). Among the Swedish strains, the most common B2 subgroups were IX/STc95 (19%), II/STc73 (17%), VI/STc12 (13%), and III/STc127 (11%), with each subgroup carrying distinctive sets of ExPEC virulence markers. EPEC lineages with few ExPEC features constituted 47% of the Pakistani B2 strains but only 7% of the Swedish B2 strains (P = 0.0001). The subgroup distribution within phylogenetic group B2 strains colonizing the gut differed between Swedish and Pakistani infants. B2 subgroups with uropathogenic characteristics dominated the gut microbiota of Swedish infants, while EPEC lineage 1 strains frequently colonized the intestines of Pakistani infants. Moreover, within the B2 subgroups, ExPEC virulence genes were more prevalent in Swedish strains than in Pakistani strains. Thus, ExPEC traits exemplify the intestinal B2 strains from Western populations. IMPORTANCE The intestinal microbiota is an important reservoir for bacteria that cause extraintestinal infections. Escherichia coli is found ubiquitously in the gut microbiota, and it also causes urinary tract infections, infantile septicemia, and meningitis. Urinary tract infections are usually caused by E. coli strains that originate in the intestinal microbiota. E. coli also causes gastrointestinal infections and is a major cause of diarrhea in infants worldwide. The abilities of certain E. coli strains to cause infections are attributed to their virulence factors, i.e., bacterial components that contribute to the development of different diseases. Our study shows that different subtypes of potentially pathogenic E. coli strains dominate in the gut microbiota of infants in different geographical areas and expands our knowledge of the interplay between bacterial commensalism and pathogenicity.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC- ASSOCIATED RISK THE REDUCTION OF LACTOBACILLUS SPP. IN THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
N. Stepanova ◽  
N. Stashevska ◽  
L. Lebid ◽  
S. Savchenko ◽  
M. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Normal Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Control Study

The aim of our study was to evaluate a risk reduction of indigenous gut microbiota in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI, associated with the intake of antibacterial medicinal products Materials and methods. To this retrospective cohort case-control study were involved 233 women with UTI. The mean age in the patient population was 36.7 ± 15.6 years. Cases were defined as reducing the number of Lactobacillus spp. < 10 million colony forming units in 1 g offeces (mln. CFU/g). We evaluated the daily urinary oxalate excretion and bacteriological seeding feces. Investigational antibiotics were medicines which are generally used to treat the outpatient with UTI. Results. The data analysis demonstrated an extremely high risk the reducing of Lactobacillus spp. colonization in the patient’s intestine. The use of ciprofloxacin was significantly associated with an availability of hyperoxaluria ( = 0.31, p = 0.008). Conclusions. Thus, the use of antibacterial medicinal products, even in prophylactic doses, by the patients with UTI leads to the destruction of the normal composition of gut microbiota, and, primarily, due to the fact that the content of Lactobacillus spp. is deceased.

scholarly journals The anti-virulence effect of cranberry active compound proanthocyanins (PACs) on expression of genes in the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 associated with urinary tract infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivanthi Samarasinghe ◽  
Ruth Reid ◽  
Majid AL-Bayati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Cranberry Product

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections found in humans, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most common cause. Prevention of UTI is a major global concern due to its recurrent nature, medical cost, and most importantly, the increased antimicrobial resistance among UPEC. The resistance in UPEC is mainly due to the Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), particularly the E. coli CTXM-15 type which is known for its rapid dissemination worldwide. Treatment options for E. coli CTXM-15 have become limited over recent years because of their multi-drug resistance, hence anti-virulent strategies based on herbal remedies, have considered as a viable option. The cranberry product, Cysticlean® capsules, contain 240 mg of proanthocyanins (PACs), which have been shown to significantly inhibit E. coli adherence, both in vitro and ex vivo, to uroepithelial cells. Method In this study, the cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolate NCTC 1553 (E. coli CTXM-15) was analysed by qRT-PCR (quantitative Reverse Transcriptase -Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the expression of virulence factors after treatment with Cysticlean®. qRT-PCR was carried out to detect virulence determinants encoding for toxins SAT, and USP, the iron acquisition system ChuA, the protectins SoxS, KPSM, TraT and RecA, the antibiotic resistance gene CTX-M (encode β-lactamases), and the transporters IdfB and HcaT. Results Cysticlean® significantly reduced the expression of all ten selected genes encoding for virulence factors and β-lactamases. Conclusion Cranberry product Cysticlean® could represent a practicable alternative option for the prevention of recurrent UTI caused by multi-drug resistant E. coli CTXM-15, as the product acts on multiple bacterial targets.

scholarly journals Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Metabolite-Dependent Quiescence and Persistence May Explain Antibiotic Tolerance during Urinary Tract Infection

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Leatham-Jensen ◽  
Matthew E. Mokszycki ◽  
David C. Rowley ◽  
Robert Deering ◽  
Jodi L. Camberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Upec Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 10 to 40% of women. In up to 77% of those cases, the recurrent infections are caused by the same uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain that caused the initial infection. Upon infection of urothelial transitional cells in the bladder, UPEC appear to enter a nongrowing quiescent intracellular state that is thought to serve as a reservoir responsible for recurrent UTIs. Here, we report that many UPEC strains enter a quiescent state when ≤106 CFU are seeded on glucose M9 minimal medium agar plates and show that mutations in several genes involved in central carbon metabolism prevent quiescence, as well as persistence, possibly identifying metabolic pathways involved in UPEC quiescence and persistence in vivo. In the present study, it is shown that although Escherichia coli CFT073, a human uropathogenic (UPEC) strain, grows in liquid glucose M9 minimal medium, it fails to grow on glucose M9 minimal medium agar plates seeded with ≤106 CFU. The cells on glucose plates appear to be in a “quiescent” state that can be prevented by various combinations of lysine, methionine, and tyrosine. Moreover, the quiescent state is characteristic of ~80% of E. coli phylogenetic group B2 multilocus sequence type 73 strains, as well as 22.5% of randomly selected UPEC strains isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Denmark. In addition, E. coli CFT073 quiescence is not limited to glucose but occurs on agar plates containing a number of other sugars and acetate as sole carbon sources. It is also shown that a number of E. coli CFT073 mini-Tn5 metabolic mutants (gnd, gdhA, pykF, sdhA, and zwf) are nonquiescent on glucose M9 minimal agar plates and that quiescence requires a complete oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In addition, evidence is presented that, although E. coli CFT073 quiescence and persistence in the presence of ampicillin are alike in that both require a complete oxidative TCA cycle and each can be prevented by amino acids, E. coli CFT073 quiescence occurs in the presence or absence of a functional rpoS gene, whereas maximal persistence requires a nonfunctional rpoS. Our results suggest that interventions targeting specific central metabolic pathways may mitigate UPEC infections by interfering with quiescence and persistence. IMPORTANCE Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 10 to 40% of women. In up to 77% of those cases, the recurrent infections are caused by the same uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain that caused the initial infection. Upon infection of urothelial transitional cells in the bladder, UPEC appear to enter a nongrowing quiescent intracellular state that is thought to serve as a reservoir responsible for recurrent UTIs. Here, we report that many UPEC strains enter a quiescent state when ≤106 CFU are seeded on glucose M9 minimal medium agar plates and show that mutations in several genes involved in central carbon metabolism prevent quiescence, as well as persistence, possibly identifying metabolic pathways involved in UPEC quiescence and persistence in vivo.

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