scholarly journals Changes in pulmonary function after long-duration adventure racing in adolescent athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Birat ◽  
Yoann Garnier ◽  
Alexandre Dodu ◽  
Claire Grossoeuvre ◽  
Anne-Charlotte Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Pressure Meter ◽  
Mixed Modality

The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km. Expiratory function was evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 h after race completion. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth static pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were also measured using a portable hand-held mouth pressure meter across the same time points. The mean completion time of the race was 05:38 ± 00:20 hours. A significant post-race decrease in FVC was observed immediately after the race (-5.2%, p = 0.01). However, no significant changes were observed for FEV1, PEF and the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/PEF ratios. In addition, estimates of respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) were unaffected by the race. The long-duration adventure race induced no marked reduction in expiratory pulmonary function and this response was associated with no apparent respiratory muscle fatigue. Therefore, the pulmonary system of trained adolescent athletes was sufficiently robust to sustain the mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race of ∽5-6 h.

scholarly journals Changes in pulmonary function after long-duration adventure racing in adolescent athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony BIRAT ◽  
Yoann GARNIER ◽  
Pierre BOURDIER ◽  
Alexis DUPUY ◽  
Alexandre DODU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Pressure Meter ◽  
Mixed Modality

Objective: The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Methods: Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a simulated competitive wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km. Expiratory function was evaluated by spirometry with an Ergocard CPX Clinical system before, immediately after, and 24 h after race completion. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory flows at 25%, 50% and 75% of FVC (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, respectively) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth static pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were also measured using a portable hand-held mouth pressure meter across the same time points. Results: The mean completion time of the race was 05:38 ± 00:20 hours. A significant post-race decrease in FVC was observed immediately after the race (-5.2%, p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed for FEV1, PEF or the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/PEF ratios. The results also showed no significant modifications in the maximal expiratory flow-volume curves irrespectively of FVC percentages (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75). In addition, estimates of respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) were unaffected by the race. Conclusion: The long-duration adventure race induced no substantial reduction in expiratory pulmonary function and this response was associated with no apparent respiratory muscle fatigue. Therefore, the pulmonary system of trained adolescent athletes was sufficiently robust to endure the mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race of ∼5-6 h.

scholarly journals Effect of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function in preoperative preparation of tobacco smokers

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Chueiri Ramos Galvan ◽  
Antônio José Maria Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Respiratory Exercises

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of utilization of a specific training program of respiratory muscles on pulmonary function in tobacco smokers. METHODS: Fifty asymptomatic tobacco smokers with age superior to 30 years were studied, at the moments: A0 - initial evaluation followed by protocol of respiratory exercises; A1 - reevaluation after 10 minutes of protocol application; and A2 - final reevaluation after 2 weeks of training utilizing the same protocol 3 times per week. The evaluation was realized through measures of maximum respiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax), respiratory peak flow (IPF and EPF), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at the 1st second (FEV1). RESULTS: There was no improvement from initial to final evaluation in FVC and FEV1. But there were significant increases in the variables IPF, EPF, MVV and PImax at evaluations A1 and A2. The PEmax variable increased only at evaluation A2. CONCLUSION: The application of the protocol of respiratory exercises with and without additional load in tobacco smokers produced immediate improvement in the performance of respiratory muscles, but this gain was more accentuated after 2 weeks of exercise.

scholarly journals Influence of a Six-Week Swimming Training with Added Respiratory Dead Space on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Recreational Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Szczepan ◽  
Natalia Danek ◽  
Kamil Michalik ◽  
Zofia Wróblewska ◽  
Krystyna Zatoń
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Respiratory Dead Space

The avoidance of respiratory muscle fatigue and its repercussions may play an important role in swimmers’ health and physical performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a six-week moderate-intensity swimming intervention with added respiratory dead space (ARDS) resulted in any differences in respiratory muscle variables and pulmonary function in recreational swimmers. A sample of 22 individuals (recreational swimmers) were divided into an experimental (E) and a control (C) group, observed for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The intervention involved 50 min of front crawl swimming performed at 60% VO2max twice weekly for six weeks. Added respiratory dead space was induced via tube breathing (1000 mL) in group E during each intervention session. Respiratory muscle strength variables and pulmonary and respiratory variables were measured before and after the intervention. The training did not increase the inspiratory or expiratory muscle strength or improve spirometric parameters in any group. Only in group E, maximal tidal volume increased by 6.3% (p = 0.01). The ARDS volume of 1000 mL with the diameter of 2.5 cm applied in moderate-intensity swimming training constituted too weak a stimulus to develop respiratory muscles and lung function measured in the spirometry test.

Noninvasive measurement of the tension-time index in children with neuromuscular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura T. Mulreany ◽  
Daniel J. Weiner ◽  
Joseph M. McDonough ◽  
Howard B. Panitch ◽  
Julian L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Tension Time

Respiratory muscle weakness is common in children with neuromuscular disease (NMD). We hypothesized that weakness puts them at risk for respiratory muscle fatigue, a harbinger of chronic respiratory failure. We therefore measured a noninvasive index of respiratory muscle fatigue, the tension-time index of the respiratory muscles (TTmus), in 11 children with NMD and 13 control subjects. Spirometric flow rates and maximal inspiratory pressure were significantly lower in the NMD group than in controls (43 ± 23 vs. 99 ± 21 cmH2O, P < 0.001). The mean TTmus was significantly higher in the NMD group than in controls (0.205 ± 0.117 vs. 0.054 ± 0.021, P < 0.001). The increase in TTmus was primarily due to an increase in the ratio of average mean inspiratory pressure to maximal inspiratory pressure, indicating decreased respiratory muscle strength reserve. We found a significant correlation between TTmus and the residual volume-to-total lung capacity ratio ( r = 0.504, P = 0.03) and a negative correlation between TTmus and forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( r = -0.704, P < 0.001). In conclusion, children with NMD are prone to respiratory muscle fatigue. TTmus may be useful in assessing tolerance during weaning from mechanical ventilation, identifying impending respiratory failure, and aiding in the decision to institute therapies.

In-brace alterations of pulmonary functions in adolescents wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Yagci ◽  
Gokhan Demirkiran ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background:Despite the common use of braces to prevent curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis, their functional effects on respiratory mechanics have not been widely studied.Objective:The objective was to determine the effects of bracing on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:A total of 27 adolescents with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years and idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Pulmonary function evaluation included vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, peak expiratory flow, and respiratory muscle strengths, measured with a spirometer, and patient-reported degree of dyspnea. The tests were performed once prior to bracing and at 1 month after bracing (while the patients wore the brace).Results:Compared with the unbraced condition, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, and peak expiratory flow values decreased and dyspnea increased in the braced condition. Respiratory muscle strength was under the norm in both unbraced and braced conditions, while no significant difference was found for these parameters between the two conditions.Conclusion:The spinal brace for idiopathic scoliosis tended to reduce pulmonary functions and increase dyspnea symptoms (when wearing a brace) in this study. Special attention should be paid in-brace effects on pulmonary functions in idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical relevanceBracing seems to mimic restrictive pulmonary disease, although there is no actual disease when the brace is removed. This study suggests that bracing may result in a deterioration of pulmonary function when adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are wearing a brace.

scholarly journals Decrease in pulmonary function and oxygenation after lung resection

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 00055-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cristina Brocki ◽  
Elisabeth Westerdahl ◽  
Daniel Langer ◽  
Domingos S.R. Souza ◽  
Jan Jesper Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Lung Cancer Surgery ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Curative Intent

Respiratory deficits are common following curative intent lung cancer surgery and may reduce the patient's ability to be physically active. We evaluated the influence of surgery on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and physical performance after lung resection.Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressure) and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were assessed pre-operatively, 2 weeks post-operatively and 6 months post-operatively in 80 patients (age 68±9 years).Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 58% of cases. Two weeks post-operatively, we found a significant decline in pulmonary function (forced vital capacity −0.6±0.6 L and forced expiratory volume in 1 s −0.43±0.4 L; both p<0.0001), 6MWT (−37.6±74.8 m; p<0.0001) and oxygenation (−2.9±4.7 units; p<0.001), while maximal inspiratory and maximal expiratory pressure were unaffected. At 6 months post-operatively, pulmonary function and oxygenation remained significantly decreased (p<0.001), whereas 6MWT was recovered.We conclude that lung resection has a significant short- and long-term impact on pulmonary function and oxygenation, but not on respiratory muscle strength. Future research should focus on mechanisms negatively influencing post-operative pulmonary function other than impaired respiratory muscle strength.

Relationship between respiratory muscle function and age, sex, and other factors

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. Chen ◽  
C. S. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Function

To investigate the effects of gender and age on respiratory muscle function, 160 healthy volunteers (80 males, 80 females) were divided into four age groups. Twenty-eight of the male subjects were smokers. After the subjects were familiarized with the experimental procedure, respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, and spirometric function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, tidal volume, breathing rate, and duty cycle, were measured. The respiratory muscle strength was indicated by the maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImmax and PEmmax). Inspiratory muscle endurance was determined by the time the subject was able to sustain breathing against an inspiratory pressure load on a modified Nickerson-Keens device. The results showed that 1) except for inspiratory muscle endurance and FEV1/FVC, men had greater respiratory muscle and pulmonary functions than women, 2) respiratory muscle function and pulmonary function decreased with age, 3) smoking tended to lower duty cycle and FEV1/FVC and to enhance PE,mmax, and 4) inspiratory muscle endurance was greater in men who were physically active than in those who were sedentary. Therefore we conclude that there are sexual and age differences in respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function and that smoking or physical activity may affect respiratory muscle function.

scholarly journals Effects of Lung Expansion Therapy on Lung Function in Patients with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Huey Chen ◽  
Ming-Chu Yeh ◽  
Han-Chung Hu ◽  
Chung-Shu Lee ◽  
Li-Fu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Pulmonary Atelectasis ◽  
Lung Expansion ◽  
Successful Weaning

Common complications in PMV include changes in the airway clearance mechanism, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength, as well as chest radiological changes such as atelectasis. Lung expansion therapy which includes IPPB and PEEP prevents and treats pulmonary atelectasis and improves lung compliance. Our study presented that patients with PMV have improvements in lung volume and oxygenation after receiving IPPB therapy. The combination of IPPB and PEEP therapy also results in increase in respiratory muscle strength. The application of IPPB facilitates the homogeneous gas distribution in the lung and results in recruitment of collapsed alveoli. PEEP therapy may reduce risk of respiratory muscle fatigue by preventing premature airway collapse during expiration. The physiologic effects of IPPB and PEEP may result in enhancement of pulmonary function and thus increase the possibility of successful weaning from mechanical ventilator during weaning process. For patients with PMV who were under the risk of atelectasis, the application of IPPB may be considered as a supplement therapy for the enhancement of weaning outcome during their stay in the hospital.

Does rib cage-abdominal paradox signify respiratory muscle fatigue?

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Tobin ◽  
W. Perez ◽  
S. M. Guenther ◽  
R. F. Lodato ◽  
D. R. Dantzker
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Loaded Breathing ◽  
Target Pressure ◽  
Resistive Loads

Studies suggesting that abnormal motion of the rib cage (RC) and abdomen (Ab) may indicate respiratory muscle fatigue have not separated the influence of respiratory load from that of fatigue in its pathogenesis. We hypothesized that abnormalities on RC-Ab motion are primarily related to increased load rather than fatigue. We tested this hypothesis in subjects breathing against resistive loads while maintaining 30 and 60% of maximum mouth pressure (Pmmax). RC-Ab asynchrony and paradox and the degree of variation in compartmental contribution to tidal volume were measured by inductive plethysmography and quantitated by the Konno-Mead method of analysis. Comparing measurements of base line and 30 and 60% of Pmmax indicated that the degree of asynchrony, paradox, and variation in compartmental contribution were significantly related to the level of the load; significant abnormalities were observed at even 30% of Pmmax, a target pressure that can be sustained indefinitely. In another group of subjects, fatigue was induced by sustaining 60% of Pmmax to the limits of tolerance. Indexes of abnormal RC-Ab motion increased from base line during the 1st min of loaded breathing but displayed no progression from the beginning to the end of the fatigue run. Immediately on discontinuation of the load, the indexes returned to levels similar to base line despite persistence of the fatigue state. These results in healthy subjects breathing against severe resistances indicate that RC-Ab asynchrony and paradox and variation in compartmental contribution to tidal volume are predominantly due to increases in respiratory load rather than muscle fatigue.

Modulation of ventilatory mechanics during exercise in ventilation-limited populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of modifications to ventilatory constraint in populations who have reductions in expiratory flow and ventilatory limitations during exercise. The first study examined the effect of the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) regulator on work of breathing (WOB) and lung volume changes in healthy subjects. The second study further examined the effect of the SCBA on the above outcomes, as well as on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle fatigue during stair-stepping (in healthy subjects). In addition, the effect of breathing heliox on the aforementioned variables was studied. The third thesis study examined the effect of heliox on ventilatory constraint, exercise tolerance, and leg muscle fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The main results of the first study were that, compared with a low-resistance breathing valve (RV), the SCBA regulator increased inspiratory elastic (32%), expiratory resistive (59%), and total WOB (13%), and increased end-expiratory lung volume creating a plateau in end-inspiratory lung volume at approximately 90% of vital capacity. When these variables were examined with the full SCBA and compared with the RV in the second study, similar results were found. In addition, resting pulmonary function was reduced with the SCBA. Exercise with the SCBA induced reductions in both inspiratory and expiratory maximal pressures indicating the presence of respiratory muscle fatigue. When compressed air was replaced with heliox in the SCBA, end-expiratory lung volume, total WOB, and respiratory muscle fatigue were reduced. These observations regarding the effect of heliox on ventilatory function led to the third study, which found that heliox increased exercise tolerance (53%) and leg muscle fatigue (15%) in patients with COPD, but only in those limited by ventilatory constraints and who did not have a significant level of leg fatigue while breathing room air. Those patients who did have leg fatigue on room air did not increase exercise tolerance despite reduced ventilatory constraint. Together, these findings indicate that reducing ventilatory constraint during exercise can have specific positive effects on exercise performance in populations who are ventilatory limited and have implications for occupational or rehabilitation exercise training.

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