respiratory muscle fatigue
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Author(s):  
Anthony Birat ◽  
Yoann Garnier ◽  
Alexandre Dodu ◽  
Claire Grossoeuvre ◽  
Anne-Charlotte Dupont ◽  
...  

The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km. Expiratory function was evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 h after race completion. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth static pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were also measured using a portable hand-held mouth pressure meter across the same time points. The mean completion time of the race was 05:38 ± 00:20 hours. A significant post-race decrease in FVC was observed immediately after the race (-5.2%, p = 0.01). However, no significant changes were observed for FEV1, PEF and the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/PEF ratios. In addition, estimates of respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) were unaffected by the race. The long-duration adventure race induced no marked reduction in expiratory pulmonary function and this response was associated with no apparent respiratory muscle fatigue. Therefore, the pulmonary system of trained adolescent athletes was sufficiently robust to sustain the mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race of ∽5-6 h.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Stockley ◽  
Eyas A. Alhuthail ◽  
Andrew M. Coney ◽  
Dhruv Parekh ◽  
Tarekegn Geberhiwot ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction There is relatively little published on the effects of COVID-19 on respiratory physiology, particularly breathing patterns. We sought to determine if there were lasting detrimental effect following hospital discharge and if these related to the severity of COVID-19. Methods We reviewed lung function and breathing patterns in COVID-19 survivors > 3 months after discharge, comparing patients who had been admitted to the intensive therapy unit (ITU) (n = 47) to those who just received ward treatments (n = 45). Lung function included spirometry and gas transfer and breathing patterns were measured with structured light plethysmography. Continuous data were compared with an independent t-test or Mann Whitney-U test (depending on distribution) and nominal data were compared using a Fisher’s exact test (for 2 categories in 2 groups) or a chi-squared test (for > 2 categories in 2 groups). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results We found evidence of pulmonary restriction (reduced vital capacity and/or alveolar volume) in 65.4% of all patients. 36.1% of all patients has a reduced transfer factor (TLCO) but the majority of these (78.1%) had a preserved/increased transfer coefficient (KCO), suggesting an extrapulmonary cause. There were no major differences between ITU and ward lung function, although KCO alone was higher in the ITU patients (p = 0.03). This could be explained partly by obesity, respiratory muscle fatigue, localised microvascular changes, or haemosiderosis from lung damage. Abnormal breathing patterns were observed in 18.8% of subjects, although no consistent pattern of breathing pattern abnormalities was evident. Conclusions An “extrapulmonary restrictive” like pattern appears to be a common phenomenon in previously admitted COVID-19 survivors. Whilst the cause of this is not clear, the effects seem to be similar on patients whether or not they received mechanical ventilation or had ward based respiratory support/supplemental oxygen.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Haiwang Sha ◽  
Fen He

Respiratory failure refers to pulmonary ventilation and ventilatory dysfunction caused by various reasons, which makes the patient unable to maintain the gas exchange required for stillness and causes a series of pathophysiological changes and corresponding clinical manifestations. In order to solve the problem of respiratory failure in critically ill patients, it is of great significance to analyze the role of microprocessor-based emergency ventilator in the treatment of critically ill patients. This article aims to study the role of microprocessor-based emergency ventilator in the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper presents the key technology based on the ARM11 processor. A breathing motion model is detected and established through a ventilator. The research objects are mainly divided into group A and group B. By comparing the two groups of emergency ventilator ventilation, it can effectively prevent the increase in respiratory muscle fatigue, reduce oxygen consumption, improve the patient's ventilation function and oxygen balance, quickly correct hypoxia and carbon dioxide storage, cooperate with drug treatment, and quickly take out the ventilator after relief. Good treatment results were achieved. The results show that the emergency ventilator controlled by a microcomputer is effective. The total effective rate of the control group was 71.11%, which was significantly lower than that of the observation group (86.67%).


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Lorenz Kahl ◽  
Ulrich G. Hofmann

This work investigates elimination methods for cardiogenic artifacts in respiratory surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals and compares their performance with respect to subsequent fatigue detection with different fatigue algorithms. The analysis is based on artificially constructed test signals featuring a clearly defined expected fatigue level. Test signals are additively constructed with different proportions from sEMG and electrocardiographic (ECG) signals. Cardiogenic artifacts are eliminated by high-pass filtering (HP), template subtraction (TS), a newly introduced two-step approach (TSWD) consisting of template subtraction and a wavelet-based damping step and a pure wavelet-based damping (DSO). Each method is additionally combined with the exclusion of QRS segments (gating). Fatigue is subsequently quantified with mean frequency (MNF), spectral moments ratio of order five (SMR5) and fuzzy approximate entropy (fApEn). Different combinations of artifact elimination methods and fatigue detection algorithms are tested with respect to their ability to deliver invariant results despite increasing ECG contamination. Both DSO and TSWD artifact elimination methods displayed promising results regarding the intermediate, “cleaned” EMG signal. However, only the TSWD method enabled superior results in the subsequent fatigue detection across different levels of artifact contamination and evaluation criteria. SMR5 could be determined as the best fatigue detection algorithm. This study proposes a signal processing chain to determine neuromuscular fatigue despite the presence of cardiogenic artifacts. The results furthermore underline the importance of selecting a combination of algorithms that play well together to remove cardiogenic artifacts and to detect fatigue. This investigation provides guidance for clinical studies to select optimal signal processing to detect fatigue from respiratory sEMG signals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Petr Bahenský ◽  
Václav Bunc ◽  
Renata Malátová ◽  
David Marko ◽  
Gregory J. Grosicki ◽  
...  

Background: Breathing technique may influence endurance exercise performance by reducing overall breathing work and delaying respiratory muscle fatigue. We investigated whether a two-month yoga-based breathing intervention could affect breathing characteristics during exercise. Methods: Forty-six endurance runners (age = 16.6 ± 1.2 years) were randomized to either a breathing intervention or control group. The contribution of abdominal, thoracic, and subclavian musculature to respiration and ventilation parameters during three different intensities on a cycle ergometer was assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Post-intervention, abdominal, thoracic, and subclavian ventilatory contributions were altered at 2 W·kg−1 (27:23:50 to 31:28:41), 3 W·kg−1 (26:22:52 to 28:31:41), and 4 W·kg−1 (24:24:52 to 27:30:43), whereas minimal changes were observed in the control group. More specifically, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in abdominal contribution was observed at rest and during low intensity work (i.e., 2 and 3 W·kg−1), and a decrease in respiratory rate and increase of tidal volume were observed in the experimental group. Conclusions: These data highlight an increased reliance on more efficient abdominal and thoracic musculature, and less recruitment of subclavian musculature, in young endurance athletes during exercise following a two-month yoga-based breathing intervention. More efficient ventilatory muscular recruitment may benefit endurance performance by reducing energy demand and thus optimize energy requirements for mechanical work.


Author(s):  
Felipe León-Morillas ◽  
Martha Cecilia León-Garzón ◽  
María del Mar Martínez-García ◽  
Javier Reina-Abellán ◽  
María Victoria Palop-Montoro ◽  
...  

AbstractRespiratory muscle training can improve strength and reduce respiratory muscle fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Little is known about the existing evidence in soccer players. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was performed to analyse the existing evidence on the effects of respiratory muscle training in soccer players. Two independent researchers reviewed 17 databases until July 2019. Inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials (randomised or not), soccer players (professional or recreational), females and/or males, and respiratory muscle training compared with simulated or regular training groups. The methodological quality and quality of evidence were evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration Tool and GRADE score, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the integral meta-analysis 3.3.070. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis was performed for eight variables related to respiratory muscle function, lung function and sports performance. Respiratory muscle training provided a significant improvement compared with simulated or regular training in maximal inspiratory buccal pressure (6 studies, SDM = 0.89; 95 % CI = 0.42, 1.35) and maximum consumption of oxygen (3 studies, SDM = 0.92; 95 % CI = 0.24; 1.61). No significant improvements were observed for other variables. The quality of the evidence was rated as low or very low.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Stockley ◽  
Eyas A Alhuthail ◽  
Andrew M Coney ◽  
Dhruv Parekh ◽  
Tarekegn Geberhiwot ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction: There is relatively little published on the effects of COVID-19 on respiratory physiology, particularly breathing patterns. We sought to determine if there were lasting detrimental effect following hospital discharge and if these related to the severity of COVID-19.Methods: We reviewed lung function and breathing patterns in COVID-19 survivors >3 months after discharge, comparing patients who had been admitted to the intensive therapy unit (ITU) (n=47) to those who just received ward treatments (n=45). Lung function included spirometry and gas transfer and breathing patterns were measured with structured light plethysmography. Continuous data were compared with an independent t-test or Mann Whitney-U test (depending on distribution) and nominal data were compared using a Fisher’s exact test (for 2 categories in 2 groups) or a chi-squared test (for >2 categories in 2 groups). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.Results: We found evidence of pulmonary restriction (reduced vital capacity and/or alveolar volume) in 65.4% of all patients. 36.1% of all patients has a reduced transfer factor (TLCO) but the majority of these (78.1%) had a preserved/increased transfer coefficient (KCO), suggesting an extrapulmonary cause. There were no major differences between ITU and ward lung function although KCO alone was higher in the ITU patients (p = 0.03). This could be explained partly by obesity, respiratory muscle fatigue, localised microvascular changes, or haemosiderosis from lung damage. Abnormal breathing patterns were observed in 18.8% of subjects, although no consistent pattern of breathing pattern abnormalities was evident.Conclusions: An “extrapulmonary restrictive” like pattern appears to be a common phenomenon in previously admitted COVID-19 survivors. Whilst the cause of this is not clear, the effects seem to be similar on patients whether or not they received mechanical ventilation or had ward based respiratory support/supplemental oxygen.


Author(s):  
Anthony BIRAT ◽  
Yoann GARNIER ◽  
Pierre BOURDIER ◽  
Alexis DUPUY ◽  
Alexandre DODU ◽  
...  

Objective: The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Methods: Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a simulated competitive wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km. Expiratory function was evaluated by spirometry with an Ergocard CPX Clinical system before, immediately after, and 24 h after race completion. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory flows at 25%, 50% and 75% of FVC (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, respectively) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth static pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were also measured using a portable hand-held mouth pressure meter across the same time points. Results: The mean completion time of the race was 05:38 ± 00:20 hours. A significant post-race decrease in FVC was observed immediately after the race (-5.2%, p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed for FEV1, PEF or the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/PEF ratios. The results also showed no significant modifications in the maximal expiratory flow-volume curves irrespectively of FVC percentages (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75). In addition, estimates of respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) were unaffected by the race. Conclusion: The long-duration adventure race induced no substantial reduction in expiratory pulmonary function and this response was associated with no apparent respiratory muscle fatigue. Therefore, the pulmonary system of trained adolescent athletes was sufficiently robust to endure the mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race of ∼5-6 h.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Shruti Singh ◽  
Sara Z. Khan ◽  
Bhakti Patel ◽  
Rammohan Gumpeni ◽  
Sameer Verma ◽  
...  

Forced vital capacity (FVC) and slow vital capacity (SVC) are non-invasive tests of respiratory function. Although FVC has been extensively studied and is used in most PFT (pulmonary function test) labs, SVC can also be used in clinical practice as it is a more comfortable and convenient test to perform. SVC-based diagnostic criteria can lead to earlier detection of obstructive lung disease. In contrast to FVC, SVC is less affected by respiratory muscle fatigue, airflow patency, expiratory muscle weakness and air leakage making it an appropriate test of respiratory function in patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neuromuscular disorders. As respiratory insufficiency is the major cause of mortality in ALS patients, regular SVC measurement provides the respiratory functional status, so that early treatment can be started which improves the survival and quality of life in these patients. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of considering SVC in clinical practice.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angage Dilani Priyashanthi Perera ◽  
Anoja Ariyasinghe ◽  
Anula Kariyawasam

Background: Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been proposed as a beneficial means of improving respiratory muscle strength (RMS) and respiratory muscle fatigue (RMF) in athletes. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week specific RMT program on the RMS, RMF and rowing ergometer performance in highly- trained rowers. Materials and Methods: Twenty professional rowers aged 20-35 years were recruited for the study during the competitive period and randomly grouped into an experimental (n=11) or control (n=9) group. Baseline measurements of maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures were obtained with a portable handheld mouth pressure meter while performance was assessed by 2000m and 5000m rowing ergometer machine. Subsequently rowers in the experimental group were prescribed a novel RMT program comprising of specific breathing and abdominal muscle exercises while the control group was prescribed a “general exercise program” for non- respiratory muscles for a 12-week period. RMF was assessed by calculating the difference between the pre-exercise and post-exercise mouth pressures. Results: Respiratory muscle strength improved overtime in the experimental and the control group following the respective training programs (p<0.05) with the experimental group showing higher RMS and lower RMF. However, there were no statistically significant differences in RMS and RMF between the two groups (P>0.05). More importantly, rowing ergometer performance improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results suggest that the novel RMT program had a significant effect in improving rowing performance, although the effect on RMS and RMF was not significant.


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