In-brace alterations of pulmonary functions in adolescents wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Yagci ◽  
Gokhan Demirkiran ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background:Despite the common use of braces to prevent curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis, their functional effects on respiratory mechanics have not been widely studied.Objective:The objective was to determine the effects of bracing on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:A total of 27 adolescents with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years and idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Pulmonary function evaluation included vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, peak expiratory flow, and respiratory muscle strengths, measured with a spirometer, and patient-reported degree of dyspnea. The tests were performed once prior to bracing and at 1 month after bracing (while the patients wore the brace).Results:Compared with the unbraced condition, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, and peak expiratory flow values decreased and dyspnea increased in the braced condition. Respiratory muscle strength was under the norm in both unbraced and braced conditions, while no significant difference was found for these parameters between the two conditions.Conclusion:The spinal brace for idiopathic scoliosis tended to reduce pulmonary functions and increase dyspnea symptoms (when wearing a brace) in this study. Special attention should be paid in-brace effects on pulmonary functions in idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical relevanceBracing seems to mimic restrictive pulmonary disease, although there is no actual disease when the brace is removed. This study suggests that bracing may result in a deterioration of pulmonary function when adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are wearing a brace.

Pulmonary function in men after oxygen breathing at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clark ◽  
R. M. Jackson ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
R. Gelfand ◽  
W. D. Hiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Expiratory Flow

As a pulmonary component of Predictive Studies V, designed to determine O2 tolerance of multiple organs and systems in humans at 3.0–1.5 ATA, pulmonary function was evaluated at 1.0 ATA in 13 healthy men before and after O2 exposure at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h. Measurements included flow-volume loops, spirometry, and airway resistance (Raw) (n = 12); CO diffusing capacity (n = 11); closing volumes (n = 6); and air vs. HeO2 forced vital capacity maneuvers (n = 5). Chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea were experienced during exposure in mild degree by most subjects. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were significantly reduced postexposure by 5.9 and 11.8%, respectively, whereas forced vital capacity was not significantly changed. The average difference in maximum midexpiratory flow rates at 50% vital capacity on air and HeO2 was significantly reduced postexposure by 18%. Raw and CO diffusing capacity were not changed postexposure. The relatively large change in FEF25–75 compared with FEV1, the reduction in density dependence of flow, and the normal Raw postexposure are all consistent with flow limitation in peripheral airways as a major cause of the observed reduction in expiratory flow. Postexposure pulmonary function changes in one subject who convulsed at 3.0 h of exposure are compared with corresponding average changes in 12 subjects who did not convulse.

scholarly journals Are preterm-born survivors at risk of long-term respiratory disease?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Ida Wiszomirska ◽  
Magdalena Szturmowicz ◽  
Andrzej Magiera ◽  
Michalina Błażkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Preterm Born

Background: To evaluate the long-term impact of preterm birth on respiratory function in female patients born preterm, we undertook spirometric examinations twice, as they reached the age of puberty, then follow-up examinations of part of the same cohort in adulthood. We sought evidence that preterm birth is correlated with poorer spirometric results into adulthood. Methods: A total of 70 girls (aged 12.2 ± 1.5 years in 1997) who had been born preterm (at 34.7 ± 1.86 weeks, none having experienced bronchopulmonary dysplasia) took part in spriometric examinations in 1997 and again in 1998. Of those, after a gap of 17 years, a group of 12 were successfully recontacted and participated in the 2015 examination as adults (then aged 27.6 ± 2.6 years, born at 34.5 ± 1.92 weeks). We compared spirometric results across the adolescent and adult examinations, and compared the adult results with an adult reference group. Results: The percentage values of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), FVC (forced vital capacity) and MVV (maximal voluntary ventilation) showed significant improvement between the two examinations in the early adolescent period. In adulthood, FEV1%pred (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) showed no statistically significant difference. The mean values of both FVC and FVC%pred (percentage predicted forced vital capacity) for the preterm-born group were lower than for the reference group, but this was not statistically significant. The preterm-born group showed lower values of such parameters as forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC, MEF25 (maximal expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity) and FEV1/FVC as compared with the reference group, but again without statistical significance. Conclusions: (1) A somewhat below-norm level of respiratory parameters among preterm-born girls entering pubescence may attest to continued negative impact on their respiratory system. (2) A significant improvement in their spirometric results 1 year later may indicate that pubescence helps compensate for the earlier negative effect of preterm birth. (3) No significant differences were seen in lung function in preterm-born adults as compared with a reference group of adults, although the preterm-born group did exhibit lower values of all parameters studied and more frequent obstructive disorders.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Peak Expiratory Flow for Selection of the 'Best' Forced Vital Capacity Manoeuvre

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Pede ◽  
Francesco Pistelli ◽  
Giovanni Viegi ◽  
Paolo Paoletti ◽  
Alessandro Celi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Exclusive Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Age Range

OBJECTIVE:To assess four different criteria for selecting the 'best' forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvre to be used for clinical diagnostic purposes.DESIGN:Criterion standard.SETTING:General population survey performed in 1980-82.PATIENTS:One thousand, two hundred and eighty-three subjects (age range eight to 64 years) were first stratified into five mutually exclusive groups according to the following criteria: simultaneous largest FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (group 1; n=481); isolated largest FVC (group 2; n=223); isolated largest FEV1(group 3; n=144); isolated largest PEF (group 4; n=299); and overlapping criteria (group 5; n=136).INTERVENTION:Subjects performed spirometry following American Thoracic Society (ATS) protocol and filled out a standardized respiratory questionnaire.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Spirograms were analyzed by examining the frequency of spirometry abnormalities with regard to the presence of respiratory symptoms, first within mutually exclusive groups of subjects and then within the whole sample. The hypothesis of the role of PEF in 'best test' selection was formulated after data collection.MAIN RESULTS:When the isolated largest PEF criterion was used, the following data were obtained: the highest prevalence of spirometric abnormalities for each FVC parameter in each mutually exclusive group; the highest predictive value for mean and instantaneous expiratory flows in separating symptomatic from asymptomatic subjects; and finally, using the whole sample, higher levels of sensitivity and similar specificity to other criteria for all test parameters (all over 90%, except for PEF).CONCLUSIONS:While maintaining the current ATS criteria of acceptability and variability for FVC trials, it is proposed that the curve that better reflects maximal expiratory effort, ie, that with the largest PEF, be recorded and analyzed for spirometric variables.

scholarly journals Effects of PM2.5 on Cardio-Pulmonary Function Injury in Open Manganese Mine Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanni Huang ◽  
Mian Bao ◽  
Jiefeng Xiao ◽  
Zhaolong Qiu ◽  
Kusheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is associated with adverse health effects, varying by its components. The health-related effects of PM2.5 exposure from ore mining may be different from those of environment pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of PM2.5 exposure on the cardio-pulmonary function of manganese mining workers. A total of 280 dust-exposed workers who were involved in different types of work in an open-pit manganese mine were randomly selected. According to the different concentrations of PM2.5 in the working environment, the workers were divided into an exposed group and a control group. The electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and multiple lung function parameters of the two groups were measured and analyzed. The PM2.5 exposed group had significantly lower values in the pulmonary function indexes of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), percentage of peak expiratory flow out of the overall expiratory flow volume (PEFR%), forced expiratory flow at 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25, FEF75), forced expiratory flow when 25%, 50%, and 75% of forced vital capacity has been exhaled (FEF25%,FEF50%, FEF75%), and FEV1.0/FVC% (the percentage of the predicted value of forced vital capacity) than the control group (all p < 0.05). Both groups had mild or moderate lung injury, most of which was restrictive ventilatory disorder, and there was significant difference in the prevalence rate of restrictive respiratory dysfunction between the two groups (41.4% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.016). Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, especially sinus bradycardia, were shown in both groups, but there was no statistical difference of the prevalence rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). Also, no significant difference of the prevalence rate of hypertension was observed between the PM2.5 exposure and control groups (p > 0.05). PM2.5 exposure was associated with pulmonary function damage of the workers in the open-pit manganese mine, and the major injury was restrictive ventilatory disorder. The early effect of PM2.5 exposure on the cardiovascular system was uncertain at current exposure levels and exposure time.

The effect of brace treatment on pulmonary functions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: An 8-month follow-up study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yasin Yurt ◽  
İlker Yatar ◽  
Mehtap Malkoç ◽  
Yavuz Yakut ◽  
Serpil Mıhçıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Expiratory Flow

BACKGROUND: The instant effect of a brace on pulmonary functions of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is known. However, the permanent effects of its regular use are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether a brace in patients with AIS had a permanent effect on respiratory functions. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a mean age of 13.2 ± 1.6 years, and a major Cobb angle of 25.8∘± 7.7∘ participated in this study. Lung volumes and respiratory muscle strength were measured with and without thoracolumbosacral brace, at the end of first month and follow-up period after the patients started using the brace for 23 hours daily. RESULTS: When the brace was on, the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), ratio of FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity values were found to be lower at both first month and follow-up. After the follow-up, the measurement results did not differ from the results of the first month. CONCLUSIONS: The brace had a momentary restrictive effect on patients with AIS. However, it did not cause a permanent change in pulmonary functions after the 8-month follow-up.

scholarly journals Pulmonary functions in car air conditioner users and non-air conditioner users in tertiary care centre, South Tamilnadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Hoshea Jeba Ruth S. ◽  
Lisha Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background: Air conditioners are used extensively these days of the modern lifestyle. Inhalation of cold dry air while using Air conditioners causes bronchoconstriction due to which alteration may occur in pulmonary function. This study was aimed to compare the Pulmonary Function tests of Car AC users and non AC users. Methods: The Study included 52 employees not exposed to car air conditioner as a control (group I) and 52 employees exposed to car air conditioner  with minimum exposure of 1 hour per day for 6 months as a subject (group II). Pulmonary function tests were performed using computerised spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired t test.Results: Age, Height and weight are not statistically significant between study group and control group. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Ratio of Forced vital capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume, Maximum voluntary ventilation are decreased in car air conditioner users compared to non-users, but was not significant. Forced expiratory flow (FEF), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values shows statistically significant decreased in car air conditioner users.Conclusions: The present study shows hyper-responsive airways on exposure to cold air which leads to bronchoconstriction. The significant decrease in PEFR, FEF suggest that upper airways as well as smaller airways are affected on exposure to car AC. So, Exposure to car Air Conditioner leads to risk of developing respiratory dysfunction.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of septoplasty on pulmonary function tests in symptomatic deviated nasal septum cases: a prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Bhargavan Panicker ◽  
B.P. Belaldavar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Expiratory Flow

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Deviation of normal pulmonary functions leads to dysfunction of the respiratory system and this affects the functions and vitality of other related systems. Pulmonary function tests give valuable information on the state of airways, lung volumes and lung function. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of septoplasty on pulmonary function tests in symptomatic deviated nasal septum cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 35 patients (septoplasty: 31; septorhinoplasty: 4) with deviated nasal septum were involved in the study. Demographic data, clinical and physical examination including anterior and posterior rhinoscopy was performed. RMS Helios 702 spirometer was used to perform pre- and postoperative pulmonary function tests. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in 1 second, peak expiratory flow rate, and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC were the parameters measured. SPSSV. 17 was used to analyse the data.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The deviation was most commonly seen on the left side (54%), affecting mostly the cartilaginous septum (54%). Among patients with septoplasty, the postoperative values of FVC (p&lt;0.05), FEV1 (p&lt;0.05), and peak expiratory flow (p&lt;0.05) were higher than the preoperative values and the results were statistically significant. Age, gender, laterality and duration of deviation, headache and inferior turbinate hypertrophy did not play a significant role in the enhancement of pulmonary functions after septoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A favorable outcome in pulmonary function was observed in patients with deviated nasal septum after septoplasty. However, due to limited sample size, it is advisable to conduct the study in a larger sample to validate these results.</p>

scholarly journals Faal Paru Dinamis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Arief Bakhtiar ◽  
Renny Irviana Eka Tantri
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Central Airway

Pulmonary function is an examination to measure lung volume function using spirometry. Tests with spirometry to detect abnormalities associated with respiratory distress. Spirometry examination is not only to determine the diagnosis but also to assess the severity of obstruction, restriction, and the effects of treatment. Spirometry examination is a test to measure the volume of a person’s static and dynamic lungs with a spirometer tool. Dynamic lung spirometry consists of Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume (FEVT), Forced expiratory flow200-1200 / FEF 200-1200, Forced expiratory flow25% -75% / FEF 25% -75%, Peak expiratory flow rate / PEFR, Maximum voluntary ventilation / MVV / MBC, FEV1 / FVC Ratio. Ventilation disorders consist of: restriction and obstruction disorders. Restriction is a disorder of lung development by any cause. In obstruction disorder, it shows a decrease in velocity of expiratory flow and normal vital capacity. FEV values, which are widely used are FEV1 / FVC, abnormal when <80%, FEV1 / FVC ratio <80%. This parameter is very important because the accuracy level for obstruction in the central airway is quite large. In obstructive disorder there is generally a decrease in pulmonary dynamic volume. Significant parameters are FEV 1 / FVC, PEFR, and FEF 25-75. The FEV1 / FVC ratio is important because the accuracy level for obstruction in the central airway is considerable, whereas FEF 25-75 indicates obstruction in the small airway.

Pulmonary Function Testing Reference Values and Interpretations in Pediatric Training Programs

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Edward N. Pattishall
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

A questionnaire was sent to all pediatric training programs to evaluate the use of pulmonary function reference standards and the interpretation of pulmonary function test results. Responses were obtained from 107 of 130 institutions, and 94 of these had pulmonary function laboratories available. Of the 94, 60 used one of three reference standards. The primary reason the reference standards were chosen was either unknown or because they came with the spirometer (24), were recommended by another person or were those used in that person's training (34), or were thought to be the best standards available or most applicable to the population to be tested (31). To define abnormality, most used an 80% predicted cutoff for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% vital capacity. For a change in an individual through time, most used a 10% change for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% vital capacity. Thirteen used statistical methods to define abnormal individuals and none used statistical methods to define a significant change over time. Although there are a few guidelines for reference standards and interpretations of pulmonary function tests, it appears that most laboratories are not using those guidelines and that further guidelines and education are needed.

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