scholarly journals Changes in pulmonary function after long-duration adventure racing in adolescent athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony BIRAT ◽  
Yoann GARNIER ◽  
Pierre BOURDIER ◽  
Alexis DUPUY ◽  
Alexandre DODU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Pressure Meter ◽  
Mixed Modality

Objective: The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Methods: Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a simulated competitive wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km. Expiratory function was evaluated by spirometry with an Ergocard CPX Clinical system before, immediately after, and 24 h after race completion. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory flows at 25%, 50% and 75% of FVC (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, respectively) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth static pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were also measured using a portable hand-held mouth pressure meter across the same time points. Results: The mean completion time of the race was 05:38 ± 00:20 hours. A significant post-race decrease in FVC was observed immediately after the race (-5.2%, p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed for FEV1, PEF or the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/PEF ratios. The results also showed no significant modifications in the maximal expiratory flow-volume curves irrespectively of FVC percentages (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75). In addition, estimates of respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) were unaffected by the race. Conclusion: The long-duration adventure race induced no substantial reduction in expiratory pulmonary function and this response was associated with no apparent respiratory muscle fatigue. Therefore, the pulmonary system of trained adolescent athletes was sufficiently robust to endure the mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race of ∼5-6 h.

scholarly journals Changes in pulmonary function after long-duration adventure racing in adolescent athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Birat ◽  
Yoann Garnier ◽  
Alexandre Dodu ◽  
Claire Grossoeuvre ◽  
Anne-Charlotte Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Pressure Meter ◽  
Mixed Modality

The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km. Expiratory function was evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 h after race completion. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth static pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were also measured using a portable hand-held mouth pressure meter across the same time points. The mean completion time of the race was 05:38 ± 00:20 hours. A significant post-race decrease in FVC was observed immediately after the race (-5.2%, p = 0.01). However, no significant changes were observed for FEV1, PEF and the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/PEF ratios. In addition, estimates of respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) were unaffected by the race. The long-duration adventure race induced no marked reduction in expiratory pulmonary function and this response was associated with no apparent respiratory muscle fatigue. Therefore, the pulmonary system of trained adolescent athletes was sufficiently robust to sustain the mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race of ∽5-6 h.

In-brace alterations of pulmonary functions in adolescents wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Yagci ◽  
Gokhan Demirkiran ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background:Despite the common use of braces to prevent curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis, their functional effects on respiratory mechanics have not been widely studied.Objective:The objective was to determine the effects of bracing on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:A total of 27 adolescents with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years and idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Pulmonary function evaluation included vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, peak expiratory flow, and respiratory muscle strengths, measured with a spirometer, and patient-reported degree of dyspnea. The tests were performed once prior to bracing and at 1 month after bracing (while the patients wore the brace).Results:Compared with the unbraced condition, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, and peak expiratory flow values decreased and dyspnea increased in the braced condition. Respiratory muscle strength was under the norm in both unbraced and braced conditions, while no significant difference was found for these parameters between the two conditions.Conclusion:The spinal brace for idiopathic scoliosis tended to reduce pulmonary functions and increase dyspnea symptoms (when wearing a brace) in this study. Special attention should be paid in-brace effects on pulmonary functions in idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical relevanceBracing seems to mimic restrictive pulmonary disease, although there is no actual disease when the brace is removed. This study suggests that bracing may result in a deterioration of pulmonary function when adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are wearing a brace.

scholarly journals Correlation and Predicted Equations of MIP/MEP from the Pulmonary Function, Demographics and Anthropometrics in Healthy Thai Participants aged 19 to 50 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117954842110044
Author(s):  
Thanyaluck Sriboonreung ◽  
Jirakrit Leelarungrayub ◽  
Araya Yankai ◽  
Rungthip Puntumetakul
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Function Test ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Pressure Meter

Objective: To identify the correlations and possible predicted equations of maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory mouth pressure (MEP) values from pulmonary function test (PFT), demographics, and anthropometrics. Methods: This study involved 217 healthy participants (91 males and 126 females) aged 19 to 50 years. The PFT (forced vital capacity; FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEV1, maximal mid-expiratory flow; MMEF, and peak expiratory flow; PEF) was performed by spirometry, whereas MIP and MEP were evaluated by a respiratory pressure meter. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, with the stepwise method, were used for statistical analysis. Results: The MIP and MEP had a significant positive correlation with weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. MIP had a significant positive correlation with FVC (%) and PEF (L/s and %), as well as a negative correlation with FEV1/FVC (ratio and %) and MMEF (%). Whereas, MEP showed a significant positive correlation with PEF (L/s and %) and negative correlation with FEV1/FVC (ratio and %) and MMEF (L/s). Finally, the predicted MIP and MEP equations were 103.988−97.70 × FEV1/FVC + 31.292 × Sex (male = 1 and female = 0) + 0.662 × PEF (%) and 47.384 + 3.603 × PEF (L/s)−9.514 × MMEF(L/s) + 30.458 × Sex (male = 1 and female = 0) + 0.534 × PEF (%), respectively. Conclusion: The respiratory muscle strengths can be predicted from the pulmonary function test, and gender data.

scholarly journals Effect of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function in preoperative preparation of tobacco smokers

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Chueiri Ramos Galvan ◽  
Antônio José Maria Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Respiratory Exercises

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of utilization of a specific training program of respiratory muscles on pulmonary function in tobacco smokers. METHODS: Fifty asymptomatic tobacco smokers with age superior to 30 years were studied, at the moments: A0 - initial evaluation followed by protocol of respiratory exercises; A1 - reevaluation after 10 minutes of protocol application; and A2 - final reevaluation after 2 weeks of training utilizing the same protocol 3 times per week. The evaluation was realized through measures of maximum respiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax), respiratory peak flow (IPF and EPF), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at the 1st second (FEV1). RESULTS: There was no improvement from initial to final evaluation in FVC and FEV1. But there were significant increases in the variables IPF, EPF, MVV and PImax at evaluations A1 and A2. The PEmax variable increased only at evaluation A2. CONCLUSION: The application of the protocol of respiratory exercises with and without additional load in tobacco smokers produced immediate improvement in the performance of respiratory muscles, but this gain was more accentuated after 2 weeks of exercise.

Pulmonary function in men after oxygen breathing at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clark ◽  
R. M. Jackson ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
R. Gelfand ◽  
W. D. Hiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Expiratory Flow

As a pulmonary component of Predictive Studies V, designed to determine O2 tolerance of multiple organs and systems in humans at 3.0–1.5 ATA, pulmonary function was evaluated at 1.0 ATA in 13 healthy men before and after O2 exposure at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h. Measurements included flow-volume loops, spirometry, and airway resistance (Raw) (n = 12); CO diffusing capacity (n = 11); closing volumes (n = 6); and air vs. HeO2 forced vital capacity maneuvers (n = 5). Chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea were experienced during exposure in mild degree by most subjects. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were significantly reduced postexposure by 5.9 and 11.8%, respectively, whereas forced vital capacity was not significantly changed. The average difference in maximum midexpiratory flow rates at 50% vital capacity on air and HeO2 was significantly reduced postexposure by 18%. Raw and CO diffusing capacity were not changed postexposure. The relatively large change in FEF25–75 compared with FEV1, the reduction in density dependence of flow, and the normal Raw postexposure are all consistent with flow limitation in peripheral airways as a major cause of the observed reduction in expiratory flow. Postexposure pulmonary function changes in one subject who convulsed at 3.0 h of exposure are compared with corresponding average changes in 12 subjects who did not convulse.

scholarly journals Influence of a Six-Week Swimming Training with Added Respiratory Dead Space on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Recreational Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Szczepan ◽  
Natalia Danek ◽  
Kamil Michalik ◽  
Zofia Wróblewska ◽  
Krystyna Zatoń
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Respiratory Dead Space

The avoidance of respiratory muscle fatigue and its repercussions may play an important role in swimmers’ health and physical performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a six-week moderate-intensity swimming intervention with added respiratory dead space (ARDS) resulted in any differences in respiratory muscle variables and pulmonary function in recreational swimmers. A sample of 22 individuals (recreational swimmers) were divided into an experimental (E) and a control (C) group, observed for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The intervention involved 50 min of front crawl swimming performed at 60% VO2max twice weekly for six weeks. Added respiratory dead space was induced via tube breathing (1000 mL) in group E during each intervention session. Respiratory muscle strength variables and pulmonary and respiratory variables were measured before and after the intervention. The training did not increase the inspiratory or expiratory muscle strength or improve spirometric parameters in any group. Only in group E, maximal tidal volume increased by 6.3% (p = 0.01). The ARDS volume of 1000 mL with the diameter of 2.5 cm applied in moderate-intensity swimming training constituted too weak a stimulus to develop respiratory muscles and lung function measured in the spirometry test.

scholarly journals Exoskeleton-assisted walking improves pulmonary function and walking parameters among individuals with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-na Xiang ◽  
Hui-yan Zong ◽  
Yi Ou ◽  
Xi Yu ◽  
Hong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Abstract Background: Exoskeleton-assisted walking (EAW) is expected to improve the gait of spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. However, few studies reported the changes of pulmonary function (PF) parameters after EAW trainings. Hence, we aimed to explore the effect of EAW on PF parameters, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and lower extremity motor score (LEMS) in individuals with SCI and to compare those with conventional trainings. Methods: In this prospective, single-center, single-blinded randomized controlled pilot study, 18 SCI participants were randomized into the EAW group (n=9) and conventional group (n=9) and received 16 sessions of 50-60min training (4 days/week, 4 weeks). PF parameters consisting of the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced expiratory flow (FEF), peak expiratory flow, and maximal voluntary ventilation, 6MWT with assisted devices and LEMS were reported pre- and post-training. Results: Values of FVC (p=0.041), predicted FVC% (p=0.012) and FEV 1 (p=0.013) were significantly greater in EAW group (FVC: 3.8±1.1 L; FVC%pred=94.1±24.5%; FEV1: 3.5±1.0 L) compared to conventional group (FVC: 2.8±0.8 L; FVC%pred=65.4±17.6%; FEV1: 2.4±0.6 L) after training. Participants in EAW group completed 6MWT with median 17.3 meters while wearing the exoskeleton. There was no difference in LEMS and no adverse event. Conclusions: The current results suggest that EAW has potential benefits to facilitate PF parameters among individuals with lower thoracic neurological level of SCI compared to conventional trainings. Additionally, robotic exoskeleton helped walking. Trial registration: Registered on 22 May 2020 at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000033166). http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=53920&htm=4 Keywords: Spinal Cord, Pulmonary, Exercise, Exoskeleton, 6MWT, Rehabilitation

Noninvasive measurement of the tension-time index in children with neuromuscular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura T. Mulreany ◽  
Daniel J. Weiner ◽  
Joseph M. McDonough ◽  
Howard B. Panitch ◽  
Julian L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Tension Time

Respiratory muscle weakness is common in children with neuromuscular disease (NMD). We hypothesized that weakness puts them at risk for respiratory muscle fatigue, a harbinger of chronic respiratory failure. We therefore measured a noninvasive index of respiratory muscle fatigue, the tension-time index of the respiratory muscles (TTmus), in 11 children with NMD and 13 control subjects. Spirometric flow rates and maximal inspiratory pressure were significantly lower in the NMD group than in controls (43 ± 23 vs. 99 ± 21 cmH2O, P < 0.001). The mean TTmus was significantly higher in the NMD group than in controls (0.205 ± 0.117 vs. 0.054 ± 0.021, P < 0.001). The increase in TTmus was primarily due to an increase in the ratio of average mean inspiratory pressure to maximal inspiratory pressure, indicating decreased respiratory muscle strength reserve. We found a significant correlation between TTmus and the residual volume-to-total lung capacity ratio ( r = 0.504, P = 0.03) and a negative correlation between TTmus and forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( r = -0.704, P < 0.001). In conclusion, children with NMD are prone to respiratory muscle fatigue. TTmus may be useful in assessing tolerance during weaning from mechanical ventilation, identifying impending respiratory failure, and aiding in the decision to institute therapies.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Function Changes Before and After Mitral Valve Surgery in Severe Mitral Stenosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 079-083
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Sahu ◽  
Mayank Yadav ◽  
Milind Padmakar Hote ◽  
Sarvesh Pal Singh ◽  
Shiv Kumar Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Mitral Valve Surgery ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to assess the pulmonary functions in the patients with predominant severe mitral stenosis before corrective mitral valve surgery, then to reassess the same 6 months after surgery and compare them. Patients and Methods Fifty consecutive patients with predominant severe mitral stenosis undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery were included in this prospective observational study. This study was conducted from July 2016 till January 2018 after obtaining approval from the institute's ethics committee and written consent from all the participants. All the patients were evaluated clinically and divided according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) class symptomatology. Computed spirometric pulmonary function tests (PFTs) such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25–75%, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were performed on each patient 1 day before and 6 months after surgery. Results Fifty study patients were analyzed, mean age was 38.4 ± 10.76 years (15–56 years), and male-to-female ratio was 1:1.38 (21 males and 29 females). NYHA class symptoms improved significantly in most of our patients after surgery (p < 0.01). PFTs such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF 25–75%, and MVV showed significant improvement 6 months after surgery (p < 0.01). Though PEFR also improved compared with preoperative values, it was not significant statistically (p < 0.07). Conclusion This study showed that the lung functions are impaired in patients with severe mitral stenosis and improved significantly 6 months after surgery, which does not correlate well with the betterment of NYHA class.

Relative Sensitivity of Different Pulmonary Function Tests in the Evaluation of Exercise-Induced Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 860-867
Author(s):  
Gerd J. A. Cropp ◽  
I. J. Schmultzler
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Small Airway Obstruction

Sixty asthmatic children were exercised on a bicycle ergometer and had pulmonary function tests performed before and repeatedly after exercise. Pulmonary function measurements included airway resistance (Raw), specific airway conductance (SGaw) functional residual capacity (FRC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory volume during first second of expiration (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). At any one time during the post-exercise observation period decreases in SGaw were greater than changes in any other pulmonary function test, making SGaw the most sensitive test for the detection. of exercise-induced airway obstruction in asthmatics. Beyond five minutes after exercise PEFR and MMEF were reduced by exercise approximately equally, but somewhat less often and less markedly than SGaw. Exercise-induced reductions in FEV1 were less marked and less frequent than decreases in PEFR and MMEF, and reductions in FVC were the least severe and least often observed abnormality. Decreases in SGaw were significantly, but not linearly correlated with decreases in PEFR, MMEF, FEV1,, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. There were statistically significant linear correlations between exercise-induced increases in FRC and decreases in FVC and between increases in Raw and FRC. If we accept that increases in Raw and FRC indicate increases in large and small airway obstruction respectively, exercise-induced decreases in FVC may indirectly suggest acute hyperinflation and thus small airway obstruction. Although the positive correlation between Raw and FRC indicated that both large and small airway obstruction developed after exercise in many of our asthmatics, increases in Raw were usually greater than increases in FRC, suggesting that large airway obstruction tends to be greater than small airway obstruction in exercise-induced asthma.

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