scholarly journals Local Foreign-Body Reaction to Commercial Biodegradable Implants: An in Vivo Animal Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Xue ◽  
John C. Koshy ◽  
William M. Weathers ◽  
Erik M. Wolfswinkel ◽  
Yoav Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
The 1960S

Biodegradable plates have been used extensively in fracture fixation since the 1960s. They rarely cause stress-protection atrophy or problems requiring secondary plate removal, common complications seen with metallic plates. However, aseptic foreign-body reactions have been reported, sometimes years after the original implantation. Both inadequate polymer degradation and debris accumulation have been implicated as causes. The current generation of commercial biodegradable plates is formulated to minimize this complication by altering the ratio of polylactic and polyglycolic acids. This in vivo study compares the degree of local foreign-body reaction of two commercially available resorbable plates in rabbits. Two types of biodegradable plates were examined: poly(D/L)lactide acid (PDLLA) and polylactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA). Each plate was placed into a periosteal pericalvarial pocket created beneath the anterior or posterior scalp of a rabbit. Humane killing occurred at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Foreign-body reaction was evaluated histologically. The PDLLA plates demonstrated marked local foreign-body reactions within the implant capsule as early as 3 months after implantation, with presence of inflammatory cells and granulomatous giant cells in close association with the implant material. All local foreign-body reactions were subclinical with no corresponding tissue swelling requiring drainage. PLGA plates did not demonstrate any signs of inflammatory reactions. In addition, the PLGA plates did not appear to resorb or integrate at 12 months. Neither PDLLA nor PLGA plates demonstrated inflammation of the soft tissue or adjacent bone outside the implant capsule. In our study, the PDLLA plates demonstrated histological evidence of foreign-body reaction that is confined within the implant capsule, which was not seen with the PLGA plates. This finding may be attributable to the lack of significant resorption seen in the PLGA plates. Both PDLLA and PLGA plates were biocompatible with the rabbit tissue environment and should be considered for continued use in craniofacial, maxillofacial, and orthopedic reconstruction.

scholarly journals Large Animal Studies to Reduce the Foreign Body Reaction in Brain–Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Shan Yasin Mian ◽  
Jonathan Roy Honey ◽  
Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte ◽  
Damiano Giuseppe Barone
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Electrode Insertion

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are reliant on the interface between electrodes and neurons to function. The foreign body reaction (FBR) that occurs in response to electrodes in the brain alters this interface and may pollute detected signals, ultimately impeding BCI function. The size of the FBR is influenced by several key factors explored in this review; namely, (a) the size of the animal tested, (b) anatomical location of the BCI, (c) the electrode morphology and coating, (d) the mechanics of electrode insertion, and (e) pharmacological modification (e.g., drug eluting electrodes). Trialing methods to reduce FBR in vivo, particularly in large models, is important to enable further translation in humans, and we systematically reviewed the literature to this effect. The OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Scholar databases were searched. Compiled results were analysed qualitatively. Out of 8388 yielded articles, 13 were included for analysis, with most excluded studies experimenting on murine models. Cats, rabbits, and a variety of breeds of minipig/marmoset were trialed. On average, over 30% reduction in inflammatory cells of FBR on post mortem histology was noted across intervention groups. Similar strategies to those used in rodent models, including tip modification and flexible and sinusoidal electrode configurations, all produced good effects in histology; however, a notable absence of trials examining the effect on BCI end-function was noted. Future studies should assess whether the reduction in FBR correlates to an improvement in the functional effect of the intended BCI.

The Influence of Bioactive Glass Particles on Osteolysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Duck Hyun Kim ◽  
Kang Sik Lee ◽  
Jung Hwa Kim ◽  
Jae Suk Chang ◽  
Yung Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Rat Calvaria ◽  
Replacement Arthroplasty

We observed the cytotoxicity of human bone marrow stromal cells(hBMSCs) by microparticles of bioactive glass with four particle groups(same chemical composition-45S5 but produced by two different manufacturer and two different size groups). In vivo test using rat calvaria were also carried out. The apoptosis rates of all small particle groups(10-20 ㎛) were increased than large(500-700 ㎛ or 200-900 ㎛) particle groups in any culture time and any amount of particles with statistical significance. In vivo study we observed pathologic signs such as macrophages and foreign-body giant cells in rat calvaria by micro-particles of bioglass. Small(10- 20 ㎛) sized particles induced foreign body reaction and bone resorption. There was proliferation of macrophages and cells in large number. But in large particle groups, only fibroblasts were surrounding the particles. The micro-particles of bioglass induced apoptosis of hBMSC and foreign body reaction in calvaria of rat, therefore micro-particles of bioglass may cause osteolysis if used in replacement arthroplasty.

scholarly journals Bletilla striata polysaccharide cryogel scaffold for spatial control of foreign-body reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Chen ◽  
Huiqun Zhou ◽  
Daping Xie ◽  
Yiming Niu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Tissue Integration

Abstract Background Implantation of a biomaterial may induce the foreign-body reaction to the host tissue that determines the outcome of the integration and the biological performance of the implants. The foreign-body reaction can be modulated by control of the material properties of the implants. Methods First, we synthesized methacrylated Bletilla striata Polysaccharide (BSP-MA) and constructed a series of open porous cryogels utilizing this material via the freezing-thawing treatment of solvent-precursors systems. Second, Pore size and modulus were measured to characterize the properties of BSP cryogels. Live/dead staining of cells and CCK-8 were performed to test the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. In addition, the Real-Time qPCR experiments were carried for the tests. Finally, the BSP scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously to verify the foreign-body reaction between host tissue and materials. Results Our data demonstrated that cryogels with different pore sizes and modulus can be fabricated by just adjusting the concentration. Besides, the cryogels showed well cytocompatibility in the in vitro experiments and exhibited upregulated expression levels of pro-inflammation-related genes (Tnfa and Il1b) with the increase of pore size. In vivo experiments further proved that with the increase of pore size, more immune cells infiltrated into the inner zone of materials. The foreign-body reaction and the distribution of immune-regulatory cells could be modulated by tuning the material microstructure. Conclusions Collectively, our findings revealed Bletilla striata polysaccharide cryogel scaffold with different pore sizes can spatially control foreign-body reaction. The microstructure of cryogels could differentially guide the distribution of inflammatory cells, affect the formation of blood vessels and fibrous capsules, which eventually influence the material-tissue integration. This work demonstrates a practical strategy to regulate foreign body reaction and promote the performance of medical devices.

Rectal Pulse Granuloma

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma C. Pereira ◽  
Jeffrey W. Prichard ◽  
Mushtaq Khalid ◽  
David S. Medich ◽  
Jan F. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Histopathologic Features

Abstract Pulse granuloma is a rare benign entity, most likely representing a foreign body reaction to vegetable particles. We report a case of a pulse granuloma involving the rectum. The patient presented with a submucosal and intramuscular mass lesion found at routine rectal examination and subsequent colonoscopy. The mass was excised and the microscopic examination revealed acute and chronic inflammatory cells, foreign-body giant cells, vegetable matter, and convoluted hyaline rings and scattered circular structures containing basophilic granules, consistent with pulse granuloma. There are a few reports in the literature of pulse granulomas, with most occurring in the oral cavity or lungs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of pulse granuloma in the rectum. Although rare, familiarity with this entity's distinctive histopathologic features may avoid a delay in diagnosis and prevent the expense of distinguishing it from its histologic lookalikes.

scholarly journals Quantification of the foreign body reaction by means of a miniaturized imaging window for intravital nonlinear microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Conci ◽  
Emanuela Jacchetti ◽  
Tommaso Zandrini ◽  
Laura Sironi ◽  
Maddalena Collini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Repeated Observations ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Recipient Tissue ◽  
Localized Reaction ◽  
Cell Repopulation

Brand new biomaterials, intended to be used on humans, must undergo in vivo quantification standardized, expensive and unethical procedures mainly based on histopathological analysis, from dissections, as defined by the ISO 10993 normative set. The aim is to prove the biomaterials biocompatibility. There exist no methods based on intravital microscopy able to satisfy the normative quantification requirements both reducing the number of employed animals and related costs. We developed a miniaturized imaging window, the Microatlas, which allows subcutaneous repeated observations in vivo of the foreign body reactions, for example to the implantation of a biomaterial. Confocal and twophoton microscopy inspections at Microatlas implantation sites demonstrated growth of the recipient tissue inside the microgrids both with micro vascularization formation and collagen generation. In conclusion, the Microatlas guided in vivo a quantifiable localized reaction inside its microscaffold, both in terms of cell repopulation, collagen and capillary formation as a probable foreign body reaction.

scholarly journals Fibrin Polymer on the Surface of Biomaterial Implants Drives the Foreign Body Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnat Balabiyev ◽  
Nataly P. Podolnikova ◽  
Jacquelyn A. Kilbourne ◽  
D. Page Baluch ◽  
David Lowry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fibrous Capsule ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Biological Substrate

ABSTRACTImplantation of biomaterials and medical devices in the body triggers the foreign body reaction (FBR) which is characterized by macrophage fusion at the implant surface leading to the formation of foreign body giant cells and the development of the fibrous capsule enveloping the implant. While adhesion of macrophages to the surface is an essential step in macrophage fusion and implanted biomaterials are known to rapidly acquire a layer of host proteins, a biological substrate that is responsible for this process in vivo is unknown. Here we show that mice with genetically-imposed fibrinogen deficiency display a dramatic reduction of macrophage fusion on implanted biomaterials and are protected from the formation of fibrin-containing granulation tissue, a precursor of the fibrous capsule. Furthermore, macrophage fusion on biomaterials implanted in FibAEK mice that express a mutated form of fibrinogen incapable of thrombin-mediated polymerization was strongly reduced. Surprisingly, despite the lack of fibrin, the capsule was formed in FibAEK mice, although it had a different composition and distinct mechanical properties than that in wild-type mice. Specifically, while mononuclear α-SMA-expressing macrophages embedded in the capsule of both strains of mice secreted collagen, the amount of collagen and its density in the tissue of FibAEK mice was reduced. These data identify fibrin polymer as a key biological substrate driving the development of the FBR.

scholarly journals Ahmed implant coated with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) inhibits foreign body reactions in rabbit eyes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252467
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Kee ◽  
Eun Jung Lee ◽  
Jong Chul Han ◽  
Changwon Kee
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Contralateral Eye

Purpose Wound healing after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation often entails fibrosis as a foreign body reaction to the silicone plate. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) forms an antifouling surface that inhibits fibrosis during wound healing. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the implantation of AGV coated with PMPC (wPMPC) versus AGV without PMPC (woPMPC) in rabbits. Methods Six New Zealand White rabbit does underwent AGV implantation in both eyes. For each rabbit, one eye was randomly selected for implantation of AGV wPMPC and a conventional AGV (woPMPC) was implanted in the contralateral eye. Gross conjunctival vascularity was compared between the two groups at the first, second, and fourth weeks after surgery. The eyes were enucleated in four weeks and subjected to staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome stain. The fibrosis and inflammation status among the eye samples were compared by measuring the thickness of the fibrotic walls and counting the number of chronic inflammatory cells around the AGV. Counting of inflammatory cells and measuring fibrotic wall thickness were done in a blinded method to eliminate observer bias. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Gross and histological examinations revealed no toxic effects of PMPC. There were no apparent differences in overall conjunctival vascularity between the two groups at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after surgery. The average inflammatory cell counts were 14.3 ± 5.8 per slide and 27.3 ± 8.6 per slide in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.037). The average thicknesses of the fibrotic wall were 57.9 ± 11.3 μm and 81.5 ± 21.3 μm in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.025). Conclusion Compared to the woPMPC group, the number of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were significantly decreased in the wPMPC group.

Comparison of bone wax and chitosan usage on post-sternotomy bone healing

2020 ◽  
pp. 021849232098409
Author(s):  
Ihsanul Amal ◽  
Heroe Soebroto ◽  
Puruhito
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Operative Field ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Affect Bone Healing ◽  
Chitosan Powder

Background Sternotomy is a standard approach performed in almost every surgical procedure on the heart and mediastinum. Effective hemostasis of the sternum is required to keep the operative field dry, avoid excessive blood transfusions during surgery, and prevent reoperation due to massive postoperative bleeding, which can further increase morbidity and mortality in patients. Bone wax is a mechanical hemostat commonly used after sternotomy and has been known to affect bone healing, trigger chronic inflammatory reactions, and increase the rate of infection. The application of chitosan, which has intrinsic hemostat ability, as hemostatic material is believed to improve bone healing following sternotomy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of bone wax and chitosan on bone healing after sternotomy. Methods Median sternotomies were performed on 2 groups of New Zealand White rabbits. Each group of 16 animals received either bone wax or chitosan powder as hemostatic material. The degree of bone healing, the number of foreign-body giant cells, and the number of osteoblasts were evaluated after 6 weeks. Results Radiographs showed that significantly more animals in the chitosan group had total sternal healing ( p = 0.033). Histopathology revealed that the number of foreign-body giant cells was significantly less ( p = 0.036) and the number of osteoblasts was significantly greater ( p < 0.0001) in the group of animals that received chitosan. Conclusion The use of chitosan as hemostatic material can promote better bone healing compared to bone wax.

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