Reliability of Roentgenographic Knee Alignment Measurements in Gonarthrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
Teng-Le Huang ◽  
Chen-Chie Wang ◽  
Kai-Chiang Yang ◽  
Chang-Chin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Knee Alignment ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Medial Gonarthrosis ◽  
Anatomical Axis ◽  
Better Than

AbstractA reliable method of measuring knee alignment is critical in the preoperative planning of high tibial osteotomy (HTO). This radiological study, based on the measurements of the mechanical and anatomical axes of the lower limb, aimed to determine which method would be more reliable and reproducible. From 2004 to 2013, 50 consecutive patients (50 knees) with medial gonarthrosis were treated with valgus-producing HTO. Four independent investigators assessed preoperative standing lower limb radiography (including hip, knee, and ankle joints) to measure both anatomical and mechanical axes. We defined a response as a difference in the angle measured by the same investigator using the same method. The covariates were the investigators and methods. To account for both inter- and intraobserver variabilities, all data were evaluated using a generalized estimating equation model. The results revealed that the effect of the investigators was not statistically significant; however, the effect of the measurement method was highly significant (p < 0.0001). The estimated coefficient of the anatomical axis method was negative, indicating that the reproducibility of the anatomical axis method was better than that of the mechanical axis.

scholarly journals Anatomical axis validation of lower extremity for different deformities: A radiological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212092382
Author(s):  
Meric Unal ◽  
Sabriye Ercan ◽  
Aydin Budeyri ◽  
Uğur Toprak ◽  
Abdülkerim Şalkaci
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Knee Alignment ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiology Assistant ◽  
Anatomical Axis

Aim: The aim of this study was to derive a pure, unbiased, reliable and accurate objective relationship between the local knee axis measurements through a short knee anteroposterior roentgenogram and the lower limb axis measurement through an orthoroentgenogram. Patients and Methods: Radiographs of 114 patients (114 knees) were evaluated by two independent raters for measurement of lower limb axis on an orthoroentgenogram and the local knee axis on short knee anteroposterior X-ray, which was derived by cropping the orthoroentgenogram by a blinded radiology assistant. The raters measured at two different time-points separated by an interval of 30-day period. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients and three models were built to establish the relationships of X-ray anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram anatomical axis, orthoroentgenogram anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram mechanical axis and X-ray anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram mechanical axis. Results: For three different measurements, intra-class correlation coefficients of Rater 2 were higher than 0.90 which shows perfect reliability, while that for Rater 1 was low. Furthermore, first measurements were more consistent than the second measurement. There was a strong positive correlation in all the three models except for varus cases in the last. Conclusion: The standardized correlation derived between the two different techniques for measuring knee alignment is fairly comparable with the studies in the past and would serve as a reliable template for future studies concerning relationships between the two, in addition to helping knee surgeons make more reliable and accurate interpretations through local knee axis measurements.

scholarly journals Fissure Depth and Caries Incidence in First Permanent Molars: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in Schoolchildren

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho ◽  
Nelly Molina-Frechero ◽  
Marco Zepeda-Zepeda
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Tooth Morphology ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
First Permanent Molars ◽  
Generalized Estimating

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the fissure depth (tooth morphology) of permanent molars and dental caries incidence with a five-year follow-up period. In total, 110 Mexican schoolchildren aged seven years were recruited at baseline, of which 88 children completed the follow-up assessments. The fissure depths of the first permanent lower molars were recorded, and dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled deciduous surfaces (dmfs) and decayed, missing, and filled permanent surfaces (DMFS)] was evaluated annually. A generalized estimating equation model was constructed for evaluating the association between dental caries and fissure depth. The initial and final DMFS scores were 0.02 (±0.2) and 1.55 (±2.49), respectively. The generalized estimating equation model showed that children with deep molar fissures were more likely to develop caries lesions, (Odds Ratio OR = 3.15, p = 0.028) compared to children with shallow fissures. Moreover, dental caries in primary teeth (OR = 1.07, p = 0.005) was associated with the development of carious lesions in the permanent dentition. Fissure depth was a useful predictor of dental caries, according to this five-year follow-up study. The detection of deep occlusal fissures in the lower first permanent molars could contribute to the identification of children at high risk of dental caries. Tooth morphology may be used to identify children at a higher caries risk, particularly in settings with limited resources.

Effect of Changes in Sleep Quantity and Quality on Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Eun Lee ◽  
Sohee Park ◽  
Jin-Young Nam ◽  
Young Jun Ju ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Sleep Quantity

This study aims to determine whether changes in sleep quantity and quality in childhood are associated with incidence of depressive symptoms. We used the three waves of the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (2011–2013). Statistical analysis using a generalized estimating equation model was performed. The 2,605 subjects analyzed included 1,453 students in 2012 and 1,152 students in 2013 without depressive symptoms in the prior year. We found that deteriorated or consistently poor sleep quality were important risk factors for depressive symptoms in children. We suggest that early detection and intervention of poor sleep quality in elementary school is required to reduce early onset depressive symptoms.

Persistent environmental reservoirs on farms as risk factors forCampylobacterin commercial poultry

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ELLIS-IVERSEN ◽  
A. RIDLEY ◽  
V. MORRIS ◽  
A. SOWA ◽  
J. HARRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Generalized Estimating

SUMMARYCampylobacteris the most common known source of human bacterial enteritis in the developed world and poultry is considered the main source. Broilers often become colonized withCampylobacterduring rearing, and then contaminate the farm environment. The objective of this study was to identifyCampylobacter-positive environmental reservoirs on farms, as these pose a risk to broiler flocks becoming colonized withCampylobacter. We considered the temporal aspects of exposure and colonization. A longitudinal study monitored six conventional rearing farms over 2 years. The broiler flocks, catchers' equipment, vehicles, shed surrounds, shed entrance, other equipment, farm entrance, other animals, puddles, dead birds, mains water and drinkers were systematically sampled 2–4 times per flock. A multivariable generalized estimating equation model was used to assess associations between contaminated environmental sites and colonized broiler flocks. The associations were adjusted for confounders and other known risk factors. To further assess temporality of contamination, the sequence of contamination of the different environmental sites and the flocks was established. Contaminated shed entrances and anterooms, contaminated drinkers and shedding ofCampylobacterby other animals such as cattle, dogs, wildlife and rodents were significantly associated with positive flocks. The reservoir of ‘other animals’ was also the reservoir most commonly positive before the flock became colonized. The other sites usually became contaminated after the flock was colonized.

scholarly journals Headphone Evaluation for App-Based Automated Mobile Hearing Screening

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pickens ◽  
Lakshmi Robertson ◽  
Matthew Smith ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Sejun Song
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Mobile Screening

Introduction With the need for hearing screenings increasing across multiple populations, a need for automated options has been identified. This research seeks to evaluate the hardware requirements for automated hearing screenings using a mobile application. Objective Evaluation of headphone hardware for use with an app-based mobile screening application. Methods For the purposes of this study, hEAR, a Bekesy-based mobile application designed by the research team, was compared with pure tone audiometric tests administered by an audiologist. Both hEAR and the audiologist's test used 7 frequencies (125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz) adopting four different sets of commercially available headphones. The frequencies were regarded as the independent variable, whereas the sound pressure level (in decibels) was the dependent variable. Thirty participants from a university in Texas were recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups, whose only difference was the order in which the tests were performed. Data were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model at α = 0.05. Results Findings showed that, when used to collect data with the mobile app, both the Pioneer HDJ-2000 (Pioneer, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan) (p > 0.05) and the Sennheiser HD280 Pro (Sennheiser, Wedemark, Hanover, Germany) (p > 0.05) headphones presented results that were not statistically different from the audiologist's data across all test frequencies. Analyses indicated that both headphones had decreased detection probability at 4kHz and 8kHz, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Data indicate that a mobile application, when paired with appropriate headphones, is capable of reproducing audiologist-quality data.

scholarly journals The Effect of Changes in Family Developmental Stage According to Child Independence on the Incidence of Depression in South Korean Middle-Aged Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Lee ◽  
Seung Wan Hong ◽  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Sung Suh ◽  
Jeong Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Family ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Background: The incidence of depression in middle-aged adults is increasing and has been affected by physiological changes and various sociodemographic factors. The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between depression and changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence in South Korean middle-aged adults living with children.Methods: This study included 1,593 people in the age group of 45-64 years who participated in the first survey of the Korean longitudinal study of aging in 2006. Participants did not have depression, lived with unmarried children, and responded to Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10 scale and child-related questions in the 7th survey (2018). The chi-squared test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare differences in depression according to general characteristics and family developmental stage. The generalized estimating equation model was used to longitudinally examine the effect of changes in the family developmental stage on the incidence of depression from the 1st to the 7th survey.Results: Changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence have a significant effect on the incidence of depression in middle-aged adults (P=0.000). In addition, in the generalized estimating equation model, the longitudinal association between changes in the family developmental stage and the incidence of depression was confirmed.Conclusions: Therefore, confirming the independence of children as an important factor is essential in the management of depression in middle-aged adults.

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