Pro-convulsant alkenyl amides from Piper nigrum fruits identified with a zebrafish larvae locomotor activity model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Syafni ◽  
F Moradi-Afrapoli ◽  
O Danton ◽  
M Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Activity Model ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae

scholarly journals Evaluation of Additive or Synergistic Effect of Piper nigram and Ocimum sanctum Extracts for their Antidepressant Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mohana Rao ◽  
Siva B. ◽  
Mahendra U. ◽  
Vinay K. ◽  
A. Narendra Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Wide Range

Depression is a state of excessive sensitivity to criticism, fear of rejections, lack of self-interest, loss of pleasure. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treat depression for thousands of years. In recent times, research on the plants increased globally and so many plants provide the evidence to cure diseases. Ocimum sanctum, popularly known as Tulsi is one of the sacred herbs for Hindus in the Indian subcontinent. It has a versatile role in traditional medicine. The fruits of Piper nigrum are used to make black pepper. This hotly pungent spice is one of the earliest known and most widely used spices in the world today. Wide range of animal tests for antidepressant agents are commonly used. The Forced swim test and Tail suspension test in mice were mostly used. Hence in the present study Forced swim test was used as animal model of depression. In present study immobility time in Forced swim test was significantly decreased by a combination of Piper nigrum fruit extract and Ocimum sanctum extract treated groups compared to control group. The combination of extracts (50 mg/kg each) activity was comparable to standard drug Fluoxetine. Treatment with extracts does not modify the locomotor activity of mice, which indicates that they exert antidepressant effects without modifying significantly locomotor activity. Therefore, the present study confirms the combination of alcoholic extract of Piper nigrum (AEPN) fruit and aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum (AEOS) possessing additive/synergistic antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals Multiple Screening of Pesticides Toxicity in Zebrafish and Daphnia Based on Locomotor Activity Alterations

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Akhlaq Hussain ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Boontida Uapipatanakul ◽  
Jung-Ren Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Combinational Analysis

Pesticides are widely used to eradicate insects, weed species, and fungi in agriculture. The half-lives of some pesticides are relatively long and may have the dire potential to induce adverse effects when released into the soil, terrestrial and aquatic systems. To assess the potential adverse effects of pesticide pollution in the aquatic environment, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Daphnia magna are two excellent animal models because of their transparent bodies, relatively short development processes, and well-established genetic information. Moreover, they are also suitable for performing high-throughput toxicity assays. In this study, we used both zebrafish larvae and water flea daphnia neonates as a model system to explore and compare the potential toxicity by monitoring locomotor activity. Tested animals were exposed to 12 various types of pesticides (three fungicides and 9 insecticides) for 24 h and their corresponding locomotor activities, in terms of distance traveled, burst movement, and rotation were quantified. By adapting principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis, we were able to minimize data complexity and compare pesticide toxicity based on locomotor activity for zebrafish and daphnia. Results showed distinct locomotor activity alteration patterns between zebrafish and daphnia towards pesticide exposure. The majority of pesticides tested in this study induced locomotor hypo-activity in daphnia neonates but triggered locomotor hyper-activity in zebrafish larvae. According to our PCA and clustering results, the toxicity for 12 pesticides was grouped into two major groups based on all locomotor activity endpoints collected from both zebrafish and daphnia. In conclusion, all pesticides resulted in swimming alterations in both animal models by either producing hypo-activity, hyperactivity, or other changes in swimming patterns. In addition, zebrafish and daphnia displayed distinct sensitivity and response against different pesticides, and the combinational analysis approach by using a phenomic approach to combine data collected from zebrafish and daphnia provided better resolution for toxicological assessment.

scholarly journals Early detection of cyanide, organophosphate and rodenticide pollution based on locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12703
Author(s):  
Binjie Wang ◽  
Junhao Zhu ◽  
Anli Wang ◽  
Jiye Wang ◽  
Yuanzhao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Aquatic Contamination ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
The Military

Cyanide, organophosphate and rodenticides are highly toxic substances widely used in agriculture and industry. These toxicants are neuro- and organotoxic to mammals at low concentrations, thus early detection of these chemicals in the aqueous environment is of utmost importance. Here, we employed the behavioral toxicity test with wildtype zebrafish larvae to determine sublethal concentrations of the above mentioned common environmental pollutants. After optimizing the test with cyanide, nine rodenticides and an organophosphate were successfully tested. The compounds dose-dependently initially (0–60-min exposure) stimulated locomotor activity of larvae but induced toxicity and reduced swimming during 60–120-min exposure. IC50 values calculated based on swimming distance after 2-h exposure, were between 0.1 and 10 mg/L for both first-generation and second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. Three behavioral characteristics, including total distance travelled, sinuosity and burst count, were quantitatively analyzed and compared by hierarchical clustering of the effects measured by each three parameters. The toxicity results for all three behavioral endpoints were consistent, suggesting that the directly measured parameter of cumulative swimming distance could be used as a promising biomarker for the aquatic contamination. The optimized method herein showed the potential for utilization as part of a monitoring system and an ideal tool for the risk assessment of drinking water in the military and public safety.

Analyzing Locomotor Activity in Zebrafish Larvae Using wrMTrck

Zebrafish ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velanganni Selvaraj ◽  
Kirankumar Santhakumar
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae

scholarly journals Evaluation of Effects of Ractopamine on Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Locomotory Physiology in Animal Model Zebrafish Larvae

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Kumail Abbas ◽  
Ferry Saputra ◽  
Michael Edbert Suryanto ◽  
Yu-Heng Lai ◽  
Jong-Chin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors

Ractopamine (RAC) is a beta-adrenoceptor agonist that is used to promote lean and increased food conversion efficiency in livestock. This compound has been considered to be causing behavioral and physiological alterations in livestock like pig. Few studies have addressed the potential non-target effect of RAC in aquatic animals. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential physiological response after acute RAC exposure in zebrafish by evaluating multiple endpoints like locomotor activity, oxygen consumption, and cardiovascular performance. Zebrafish larvae were subjected to waterborne RAC exposure at 0.1, 1, 2, 4, or 8 ppm for 24 h, and the corresponding cardiovascular, respiratory, and locomotion activities were monitored and quantified. In addition, we also performed in silico molecular docking for RAC with 10 zebrafish endogenous β-adrenergic receptors to elucidate the potential acting mechanism of RAC. Results show RAC administration can significantly boost locomotor activity, cardiac performance, oxygen consumption, and blood flow rate, but without affecting the cardiac rhythm regularity in zebrafish embryos. Based on structure-based flexible molecular docking, RAC display similar binding affinity to all ten subtypes of endogenous β-adrenergic receptors, from adra1aa to adra2db, which are equivalent to the human one. This result suggests RAC might act as high potency and broad spectrum β-adrenergic receptors agonist on boosting the locomotor activity, cardiac performance, and oxygen consumption in zebrafish. To validate our results, we co-incubated a well-known β-blocker of propranolol (PROP) with RAC. PROP exposure tends to minimize the locomotor hyperactivity, high oxygen consumption, and cardiac rate in zebrafish larvae. In silico structure-based molecular simulation and binding affinity tests show PROP has an overall lower binding affinity than RAC. Taken together, our studies provide solid in vivo evidence to support that RAC plays crucial roles on modulating cardiovascular, respiratory, and locomotory physiology in zebrafish for the first time. In addition, the versatile functions of RAC as β-agonist possibly mediated via receptor competition with PROP as β-antagonist.

scholarly journals Ethanol in Food affects behaviour and HPA axis activity during development in zebrafish larvae Subhead: Ethanol in Food affects Nerves during development in zebrafish larvae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
wenxiao du ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Zhenjun Zhao ◽  
min shi ◽  
fuhua bian
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

Abstract Long-term alcohol intake from food can lead to numerous mental disorders in humans, and cause serious problems for governments and families worldwide. However, currently, it is unclear how alcohol affects the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In the present study, using zebrafish larvae exposed to 1% ethanol, we made Zebrafish behavioural analysis, samples were collected for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments,and made statistical analyses at last. we found that ethanol decreases the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae,showed a more intense reaction to external stimuli,increases the secretion of HPA axis hormones in zebrafish larvae,influences the secretion of neurotransmitters,alters key gene expression during neurotransmitter metabolism. Ethanol exposure reduced zebrafish locomotor activity, increased their HPA axis activity, and led to significant changes in the secretion of dopamine and serotonin. These findings provide us with a new understanding of the effects of ethanol on the HPA axis.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Screening Demonstrated Non-Monotonic Responses to Amitriptyline, Amoxapine and Sertraline in Locomotor Activity Assay in Larval Zebrafish

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Michael Edbert Suryanto ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Boontida Uapipatanakul ◽  
Akhlaq Hussain ◽  
Ferry Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
High Locomotor Activity

Antidepressants are well-known drugs to treat depression and major depressive disorder for humans. However, the misuse and abuse of antidepressants keep increasing with several side effects reported. The aim of this study was to assess the potential adverse effects of 18 antidepressants by monitoring zebrafish larval locomotor activity performance based on the total distance traveled, burst movement count, and total rotation count at four dark-light intercalated phases. In general, zebrafish larvae displayed sedative effects after antidepressant exposure by showing a significant reduction in all of the locomotor activity-related endpoints. However, three antidepressants i.e., amitriptyline, amoxapine, and sertraline were able to trigger a significantly high locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae during the light cycle. These differences might be due to the pharmacologic differences among the antidepressants. In addition, since each antidepressant possesses a different dosage range from the other, overdoses of these antidepressants might also be the causes of these differences. Furthermore, based on these results, a further study was conducted to observe the effect of these three antidepressants in lower concentrations. From the results, biphasic effects in terms of zebrafish larval locomotor activity were demonstrated by these drugs. Even though further studies are still required to validate the mechanism, these findings indicate that these antidepressants might share a common mechanism responsible for their effects on zebrafish larval locomotor activity although there were some differences in potency of these effects.

scholarly journals Glutamate receptor subtypes differentially contribute to optogenetically activated swimming in spinally transected zebrafish larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2414-2426
Author(s):  
Sarah Wahlstrom-Helgren ◽  
Jacob E. Montgomery ◽  
Kayce T. Vanpelt ◽  
Samantha L. Biltz ◽  
Jack H. Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Receptor Antagonism ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae

The spinal cord (SC) contains neural networks that are capable of producing organized locomotor activity autonomously from the brain. Locomotor activity can be induced in spinally transected (spinalized) animals by adding a source of tonic excitation to activate spinal networks. This is commonly accomplished by activating N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors through bath application of NMDA. More recently, optogenetic approaches have enabled both activation and inactivation of neuronal cell populations to control the activity of locomotor networks. Larval zebrafish are exceptionally amenable to optogenetic techniques due to their transparency, which permits noninvasive light delivery. In this study, we induced locomotor activity in spinalized transgenic zebrafish larvae that expressed channelrhodopsin-2 in all subtypes of spinal vesicular glutamate transporter 2a ( vglut2a)-expressing neurons by applying 10 s of constant blue light to the preparations. The resultant locomotor activity possessed all of the characteristics of swimming: bilateral alternation, rostrocaudal progression, and organization into discrete swimming episodes. Spatially restricted light application revealed that illumination of the rostral SC produced more robust activity than illumination of the caudal SC. Moreover, illumination of only three body segments was sufficient to produce fictive swimming. Intriguingly, organized swimming activity persisted during NMDA receptor antagonism but was disrupted by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonism. Hence, AMPA receptor signaling is required for episodically-organized swimming, whereas NMDA receptor signaling is not necessary. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spinal locomotor networks have the intrinsic capacity to transform unpatterned excitatory input into patterned output. Conventionally, spinally mediated fictive locomotor activity is experimentally elicited by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) application to bias the network toward activation. We present a novel experimental paradigm that permits spatially and temporally controllable activation of spinal vesicular glutamate transporter 2a-expressing neurons in larval zebrafish, eliciting patterned locomotor activity that is not dependent on NMDA receptor signaling.

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