scholarly journals Early detection of cyanide, organophosphate and rodenticide pollution based on locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12703
Author(s):  
Binjie Wang ◽  
Junhao Zhu ◽  
Anli Wang ◽  
Jiye Wang ◽  
Yuanzhao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Aquatic Contamination ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
The Military

Cyanide, organophosphate and rodenticides are highly toxic substances widely used in agriculture and industry. These toxicants are neuro- and organotoxic to mammals at low concentrations, thus early detection of these chemicals in the aqueous environment is of utmost importance. Here, we employed the behavioral toxicity test with wildtype zebrafish larvae to determine sublethal concentrations of the above mentioned common environmental pollutants. After optimizing the test with cyanide, nine rodenticides and an organophosphate were successfully tested. The compounds dose-dependently initially (0–60-min exposure) stimulated locomotor activity of larvae but induced toxicity and reduced swimming during 60–120-min exposure. IC50 values calculated based on swimming distance after 2-h exposure, were between 0.1 and 10 mg/L for both first-generation and second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. Three behavioral characteristics, including total distance travelled, sinuosity and burst count, were quantitatively analyzed and compared by hierarchical clustering of the effects measured by each three parameters. The toxicity results for all three behavioral endpoints were consistent, suggesting that the directly measured parameter of cumulative swimming distance could be used as a promising biomarker for the aquatic contamination. The optimized method herein showed the potential for utilization as part of a monitoring system and an ideal tool for the risk assessment of drinking water in the military and public safety.

scholarly journals ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF PREVENTION OF SUICIDE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIO

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
V. K. Shamrei ◽  
K. V. Dnov ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
The Military

Relevance. The level of suicides, according to several authors, is one of the most significant indicators of mental health in society, including in the armies of the world.Intention. To analyze suicides and their existing prevention system in the Russian Federation population and Armed Forces in 2007–2018.Methodology. Mental disorders and behavioral disorders (F00–F99 by Chapter V, the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision) were analyzed according to 3/MED Form in the military units, where ≥ 80 % of the military personnel served. The longterm trends of the main statistical indicators of suicides and mental disorders among military personnel compared to the Russian population have been established.Results and Discussion. In 2007–2018, the level of suicides in the Russian Armed Forces was (12.00 ± 1.35) per 100 thousand military personnel and was 1.7 times lower than in the population of Russia (20.12 ± 1.56) per 100 thousand (p < 0.001). The level of suicides seems to decrease among the military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces. When analyzing the longterm incidence of mental disorders and the level of suicides in the personnel of the Armed Forces of Russia, no significant correlation was found. At the same time, in a cohort of officers and ensigns, a statistically significant correlation was established between the level of suicides and the general incidence of the Chapter V diseases (r = 0.87; p < 0.01), including stressrelated neurotic and somatoform disorders (F40–F48; r = 0.72; p < 0.01), mental and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances (F10–F19; r = 0.89; p < 0.001). In the military conscripts, there was a correlation between the level of suicides and general morbidity related to Chapter V diseases (r = 0.72; p < 0.05), including personality and behavior disorders in adulthood (F60–F69; r = 0.81; p < 0.01) and organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (F00– F09; r = 0.76; p < 0.05). It was revealed that among the officers and military personnel under the contract, family and domestic causes of suicide prevailed in contrast to the draft servicemen. Meanwhile somatic and mental diseases as a predominant cause of suicide accounted for a relatively small proportion.Conclusion. Psychoprophylactic measures should be aimed at early detection of servicemen prone to suicidal behavior, effective assistance in resolving militaryprofessional difficulties and domestic problems, as well as at improving their adaptation to military service. Special attention should be paid to the early detection of people with addictive disorders, especially alcohol abusers.

scholarly journals Multiple Screening of Pesticides Toxicity in Zebrafish and Daphnia Based on Locomotor Activity Alterations

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Akhlaq Hussain ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Boontida Uapipatanakul ◽  
Jung-Ren Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Combinational Analysis

Pesticides are widely used to eradicate insects, weed species, and fungi in agriculture. The half-lives of some pesticides are relatively long and may have the dire potential to induce adverse effects when released into the soil, terrestrial and aquatic systems. To assess the potential adverse effects of pesticide pollution in the aquatic environment, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Daphnia magna are two excellent animal models because of their transparent bodies, relatively short development processes, and well-established genetic information. Moreover, they are also suitable for performing high-throughput toxicity assays. In this study, we used both zebrafish larvae and water flea daphnia neonates as a model system to explore and compare the potential toxicity by monitoring locomotor activity. Tested animals were exposed to 12 various types of pesticides (three fungicides and 9 insecticides) for 24 h and their corresponding locomotor activities, in terms of distance traveled, burst movement, and rotation were quantified. By adapting principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis, we were able to minimize data complexity and compare pesticide toxicity based on locomotor activity for zebrafish and daphnia. Results showed distinct locomotor activity alteration patterns between zebrafish and daphnia towards pesticide exposure. The majority of pesticides tested in this study induced locomotor hypo-activity in daphnia neonates but triggered locomotor hyper-activity in zebrafish larvae. According to our PCA and clustering results, the toxicity for 12 pesticides was grouped into two major groups based on all locomotor activity endpoints collected from both zebrafish and daphnia. In conclusion, all pesticides resulted in swimming alterations in both animal models by either producing hypo-activity, hyperactivity, or other changes in swimming patterns. In addition, zebrafish and daphnia displayed distinct sensitivity and response against different pesticides, and the combinational analysis approach by using a phenomic approach to combine data collected from zebrafish and daphnia provided better resolution for toxicological assessment.

Immune response induced by major environmental pollutants through altering neutrophils in zebrafish larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Hankun Li ◽  
Caixia Li ◽  
Xiao-Jing Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae

scholarly journals Hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes Involving Ultrasound: An Overview

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3341 ◽  
Author(s):  
JagannathanMadhavan ◽  
JayaramanTheerthagiri ◽  
DhandapaniBalaji ◽  
SallaSunitha ◽  
Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Chemical Utilization ◽  
Complete Mineralization

: Sonochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in an aqueous environment is considered to be a green process. This mode of degradation of organic pollutants in an aqueous environment is considered to render reputable outcomes in terms of minimal chemical utilization and no need of extreme physical conditions. Indiscriminate discharge of toxic organic pollutants in an aqueous environment by anthropogenic activities has posed major health implications for both human and aquatic lives. Hence, numerous research endeavours are in progress to improve the efficiency of degradation and mineralization of organic contaminants. Being an extensively used advanced oxidation process, ultrasonic irradiation can be utilized for complete mineralization of persistent organic pollutants by coupling/integrating it with homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. In this regard, scientists have reported on sonophotocatalysis as an effective strategy towards the degradation of many toxic environmental pollutants. The combined effect of sonolysis and photocatalysis has been proved to enhance the production of high reactive-free radicals in aqueous medium which aid in the complete mineralization of organic pollutants. In this manuscript, we provide an overview on the ultrasound-based hybrid technologies for the degradation of organic pollutants in an aqueous environment.

Study on FAIMS ion source control and optimization using over-electric field

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050127
Author(s):  
Lunchao Zhong ◽  
Tao Gong ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
Wenyan Shi ◽  
Peirong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Core Technology

Ion source provides sample ions for FAIMS. The key technology is ionization method. Efficient ionization of analytes is the core technology for data acquisition in high quality FAIMS systems. In order to long-distance detect and analyze harmful and toxic substances such as explosives, drugs, chemical reagents and environmental pollutants in an open environment, without pretreatment, real-time and on-line, the ion source control and its technical device using excessive electric field were designed and developed. The disadvantages of high flow rate of APCI and low flow rate of ESI are integrated, based on the chemical analysis principle of FAIMS, an experimental platform of ionization technology based on excessive electric field is proposed and designed, which mainly includes: ion focusing system, flat-panel migration zone with focusing structure, sample integration, etc. The experimental results show that the ion source based on excessive electric field can be widely used in biochemical weapon warning, drug tablet detection, environmental monitoring, food and drug detection and clinical medicine, and the detection limit can reach 0.1 ppm.

Pesticides and war: the case of Fritz Haber

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGIT SZÖLLÖSI-JANZE
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
First World War ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Application ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Military Development ◽  
Fritz Haber ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

The interconversion of military and civilian scientific research has been discussed in various contexts. Fritz Haber was concerned with the military application of poison gas research in the First World War. It is less well known that, simultaneously, he also initiated modern pest control by toxic substances, thus taking advantage of the military development for civilian purposes. However, the case of Haber shows that, in the Age of Mass Extermination, such conversion cannot be easily kept under control.

scholarly journals Secondary utilization of the spent fly ashes-derived sorbents

Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Marek Staf ◽  
Barbora Miklová ◽  
Zuzana Strolená ◽  
Lukáš Anděl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Alkali Fusion

In the years 2017-20, the research on the use of fly ashes and bottom ashes from power plants for the preparation of adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture from flue gases was carried out at the involved institutes. As part of the research, adsorbents were prepared by alkali fusion and hydrothermal processes. The obtained products were subjected to cyclic adsorption and desorption tests simulating their industrial use. One of the partial tasks was to evaluate how the worn adsorbents can be subsequently utilized. In the study presented here, the materials collected after the adsorption testing were subjected to several procedures, which aim was to verify the applicability of these materials as substrates for the reclamation of excavated brown coal and lignite quarries. The basic property assessed was the ability to retain humidity and thus contribute to the water balance in the reclaimed landscape. A hydration test followed by slow drying of the sample in a thermogravimetric analyzer was proposed for this purpose. With regard to the raw materials from which the adsorbents were prepared, attention was also paid to the risk of undesired leaching of toxic substances. The last measured parameter was the course of CO2 desorption from the pores of the used adsorbent. It answers the question of whether the adsorbent is usable for terrain reclamations in the state after the last adsorption (i.e. CO2 saturated), or whether it requires thermal desorption as the final step. Based on the results of hydration tests of the spent adsorbents, it can be concluded that they could be applied in the reclamation of closed lignite quarries, and these materials would allow a more sophisticated application than just as a stabilizer. In the tested samples, the high retention of water and its slow release was confirmed by the TGA method, which (in the case of the mentioned use) could improve the management of soil humidity and its distribution to woody plants used in the biotechnical reclamation phase. Another, but as yet unproven, possibility is to use the porous structure of the materials as a suitable substrate for colonization by nitrifying bacteria. These bacteria would subsequently improve the self-cleaning ability of the water tank created in the case of the hydraulic reclamation method. Due to the results of measurements of carbon dioxide desorption from saturated adsorbents, it is necessary to recommend that thermal desorption should be included in their preparation before the use in reclamation. Tests of toxic elements leaching have not identified any potential risk from their mobilization into groundwater or surface water.

scholarly journals Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Sen Du ◽  
Zhuoru Lin ◽  
Yanyan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Daya Bay ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Sampling Times

Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution characteristics of LMPs in sediment, surface sediment samples collected from a tropical area of Daya Bay (DYB) at different seasons, were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). According to the results, up to six toxin compounds were detected in sediment samples from DYB, OA and DTX1 had the highest levels, followed by PTX2, homo-YTX, AZA2, and GYM. Although AZA2 and GYM were found in most of the sediment, OA, DTX1, homo-YTX, and PTX2 were the predominant toxin compounds, and PTX2 was the most ubiquitous toxin in sediment. The spatial distribution of LMP components in the sediment fluctuated with sampling times, partially according to the physical–chemical parameters of the sediment. There are likely several sources for LMPs existing in surface sediments, but it is difficult to determine contributions of a specific toxin-source in the sediment. Therefore, marine sediments may be a toxin reservoir for LMPs accumulation in benthic organisms via food chains.

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