Thrombin Activity by Intrinsic Activation of Plasma In-Vitro Accelerates with Increasing Age of the Donor

SummaryThrombotic diseases increase in incidence with advancing years and this might be partly due to an increased propensity for fibrin formation in older individuals. Accordingly we decided to investigate whether the time taken to generate 50% thrombin activity in vitro varied with the age of the plasma donor. Coagulation was initiated in defibrinated, diluted plasma by contact activation and thrombin activity measured using the chromogenic substrate, S2238. The rate of thrombin generation was assessed by measuring the time taken to reach 50% maximal activity (T50/s). There was a highly significant negative correlation between T50 and age, T50 declining from 93 s at 19 years to 71 s at 65 years (r = −0.637, p <0.0001). A strong negative correlation was demonstrated between T50 and FVII level (r = -0.415, p = 0.0007) and FVIII: C level (r = -0.465, p = 0.0001). Although FVII concentration correlated with age (r = 0.307, p = 0.014) no relationship was seen between age and FVIII :C. These data suggest that coagulation rates in plasma accelerate with age.

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Temporal dynamics of microparticle elevation following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2012.6.jns111163 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 579-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Matthew R. Sanborn ◽

Stephen R. Thom ◽

Leif-Erik Bohman ◽

Sherman C. Stein ◽

Joshua M. Levine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cell ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Annexin V ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Durable Response

Object Microparticles (MPs), small membrane fragments shed from various cell types, have been implicated in thrombosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Their involvement in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the development of cerebral infarction and clinical deterioration caused by delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remain ill defined. The authors sought to quantify the magnitude of elevations in MPs, delineate the temporal dynamics of elevation, and analyze the correlation between MPs and DCI in patients with SAH. Methods On the day of hemorrhage and on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after hemorrhage, peripheral blood samples were drawn from 22 patients with SAH. Plasma samples were labeled with Annexin V and CD142, CD41a, CD235a, CD146, CD66b, or von Willebrand factor (vWF) and were quantified by flow cytometry. Clinical data, including the 3-month extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E) scores, infarction as measured on MRI at 14 days after SAH, and vasospasm as measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and angiography, were collected and compared with the MP burden. Results When averaged over time, all MP subtypes were elevated relative to controls. The CD235a+(erythrocyte)−, CD66b+(neutrophil)−, and vWF-associated MPs peaked on the day of hemorrhage and quickly declined. The CD142+(tissue factor [TF])–associated MPs and CD146+(endothelial cell)–associated MPs were significantly elevated throughout the study period. There was a strong negative correlation between TF-expressing and endothelial-derived MPs at Day 1 after SAH and the risk of infarction at Day 14 after SAH. Conclusions Microparticles of various subtypes are elevated following SAH; however, the temporal profile of this elevation varies by subtype. Those subtypes closely associated with thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction, for example, CD145+(TF)-associated MPs and CD146+(endothelial cell)–associated MPs, had the most durable response and demonstrated a significant negative correlation with radiographic infarction at 14 days after SAH. Levels of these MPs predict infarction as early as Day 1 post-SAH.

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In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Fiber-Degrading Enzyme Kinetics of Cellulose, Arabinoxylan, β-Glucan and Glucomannan by Pig Fecal Microbiota

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1071

Author(s):

Yu Bai ◽

Xingjian Zhou ◽

Na Li ◽

Jinbiao Zhao ◽

Hao Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Kinetics ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Degrading Enzyme ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Butyrate Production ◽

Acetate Butyrate

Non-digestible polysaccharides are of great significance to human and animal intestinal health. Cellulose, arabinoxylan, β−glucan and glucomannan were selected in the present study to investigate the fermentation characteristics and fiber-degrading enzyme kinetics by inoculating pig fecal microbiota in vitro. Our results showed that fermentation of arabinoxylan and β-glucan produced the highest amount of acetate and lactate, respectively. The abundance of Prevotella_9 was the highest in β-glucan group and positively correlated with lactate and acetate. Glucomannan fermentation produced the highest amount of butyrate, and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group and Bacteroides were the lowest. A significant negative correlation was found between Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group, Bacteroides and butyrate. Exo-β-1,4-xylanase had the highest activity at 24 h during arabinoxylan fermentation. The activity of β-glucosidase and β-mannosidase at 36 h were higher than those at 15 h in the glucomannan group. The abundance of Prevotella_9 was positively correlated with β-glucosidase while Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group and Bacteroides were negatively correlated with β-xylosidase. Our findings demonstrated the β-glucan and arabinoxylan promote proliferation of Prevotella_9, with the preference to secret β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase and the potential to produce lactate and acetate. Butyrate production can be improved by inhibiting the proliferation of Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group and Bacteroides, which have the lack of potential to secret β-xylosidase.

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Isolation and Identification of Talaromyces sp. Strain Q2 and Its Biocontrol Mechanisms Involved in the Control of Fusarium Wilt

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.724842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yehan Tian ◽

Yang Zhao ◽

Xuesong Fu ◽

Chengming Yu ◽

Kexiang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Strong Negative Correlation

Fusarium wilt is an important disease of many food crops and often causes serious damages to yield and food quality. Consequently, numerous studies mainly focused on exploring the control strategy for Fusarium oxysporum as well as the mechanism of interaction between the F. oxysporum and other beneficial soil microorganisms. In this study, we have screened and identified an efficient biocontrol strain from the soil with infection of F. oxysporum f. sp. momordica (referred to as Fom), Talaromyces purpurogenus Q2 (referred to as TpQ2), which could be effective to reduce relative abundance of the rhizospheric Fom, leading to a significant decrease of Fusarium wilt disease incidence in bitter gourd during the greenhouse and field trails. TpQ2 can reduce the relative abundance of rhizospheric Fom through inhibition of growth and development of Fom. During the co-cultivation of TpQ2 and Fom, we confirmed that TpQ2 could significantly suppress the growth and development of Fom through disturbing the normal hyphae shape and function of the cell walls of Fom via secreting cell wall–degrading enzymes and suppression of the expression of cell wall biosynthesis genes, such as FomCFEM. In the meantime, TpQ2 showed a strong negative correlation with F. oxysporum in soil and positive correlation with beneficial indigenous microorganisms that had significant negative correlation with Fusarium populations, such as Streptomycetes, Lysobacter, and Sphingobium. To summarize, TpQ2 has a good biocontrol efficacy on Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd. The biocontrol mechanisms of TpQ2 on Fusarium wilt are complex and diverse.

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Flavanol Polymerization Is a Superior Predictor of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Compared to Flavanol or Total Polyphenol Concentrations in Cocoas Prepared by Variations in Controlled Fermentation and Roasting of the Same Raw Cocoa Beans

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8120635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kathryn C. Racine ◽

Brian D. Wiersema ◽

Laura E. Griffin ◽

Lauren A. Essenmacher ◽

Andrew H. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Cocoa Powder ◽

Glucosidase Activity

Raw cocoa beans were processed to produce cocoa powders with different combinations of fermentation (unfermented, cool, or hot) and roasting (not roasted, cool, or hot). Cocoa powder extracts were characterized and assessed for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Cocoa processing (fermentation/roasting) contributed to significant losses of native flavanols. All of the treatments dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity, with cool fermented/cool roasted powder exhibiting the greatest potency (IC50: 68.09 µg/mL), when compared to acarbose (IC50: 133.22 µg/mL). A strong negative correlation was observed between flavanol mDP and IC50, suggesting flavanol polymerization as a marker of enhanced α-glucosidase inhibition in cocoa. Our data demonstrate that cocoa powders are potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Significant reductions in the total polyphenol and flavanol concentrations induced by processing do not necessarily dictate a reduced capacity for α-glucosidase inhibition, but rather these steps can enhance cocoa bioactivity. Non-traditional compositional markers may be better predictors of enzyme inhibitory activity than cocoa native flavanols.

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The effect of nitrogen fertilization on flag leaf and ear photosynthesis and grain yield of spring wheat

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/880/2013-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 531-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Olszewski ◽

M. Makowska ◽

A. Pszczółkowska ◽

A. Okorski ◽

T. Bieniaszewski

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Flag Leaves

In a three-year field experiment the assessment of leaves and ears photosynthesis rate in spring wheat was made using a LI-COR 6400 portable photosynthesis system. The photosynthetic rate of spring wheat was affected by cultivars, nitrogen fertilization and weather conditions. We generally found a negative correlation between the yield of spring wheat and the rate of photosynthesis in flag leaves in phases 39–55 BBCH (the strength of this effect depended on the level of nitrogen fertilization). Strong negative correlation occurred for cv. Bryza in phases:  39–51 BBCH in treatment fertilized with lower dose of nitrogen and in phase 39–41 BBCH for dose 120 kg/ha. There was a significant negative correlation for cv. Tybald only in phase 39–41 BBCH for higher dose of nitrogen and 52–55 BBCH for lower dose. Our studies show that the photosynthetic activity of flag leaves decreased from the booting (39–41 BBCH) to heading stage (52–55 BBCH), and their function was taken over by ears. Contrary to flag leaf, in wheat ears the intensity of photosynthesis correlated positively with grain yield for most of the studied period (52–65 BBCH, with highly significant correlation at 56–57 BBCH and – only for high nitrogen treatments – at 59–61 BBCH; a negative correlation was generally observed at a later phase, i.e. at 65–69 BBCH). Contrary to flag leaf photosynthesis, the intensity of this process in wheat ears (at the heading and flowering stages) seems highly relevant for grain yield. High positive correlation was noted in 56–57 BBCH and 61–65 BBCH. However, the study was done in field conditions and for definitive conclusions observations over a longer period would be desirable.

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The Negative Correlation of Spice Intake and Colorectal Cancer: A Statistical Analysis of Global Health Databases

International Journal of Medical Students ◽

10.5195/ijms.2020.693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 238-244

Author(s):

Shinjit Mani ◽

Nathan Pramanik ◽

Deeksha Rao ◽

Stuti Sharma ◽

Timur Akhmetov

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Red Meat ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Correlation Statistics

Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has multiple risk factors and depends highly on diet. Positive associations of red meat and processed meat intake and CRC have been proven, but no research has been conducted on the relation of spice intake and CRC risk. Various in-vitro studies have demonstrated the anticancer activity of chemicals present in spices, which is the main driving force for our statistical analysis. Methods: We analyzed Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations (FAO) database, and Global Dietary Database (GDD) using Pearson correlation statistics to find any significant correlation, mainly between spice intake and CRC risk. Data from 1990 to 2013 of 100 countries was collected for the analysis. Twenty-three-year average values (±SD) were calculated for CRC risk, spice, red meat, processed meat, vegetable, and fruit intake. CRC risk is taken as dependent variable whereas all other were independent variables. All variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results with p<0.05 were further analyzed using regression analysis. Results: Pearson correlation showed that spice intake had a significant negative correlation (r= -0.301, p=0.002) whereas red meat (r= 0.722, p<0.001) and processed meat (r= 0.339, p<0.001) had a significant positive correlation with CRC risk. Conclusion: Significant negative correlation between spice intake and CRC risk indicates that higher spice intake can be preventive against cancer and possibly decrease the risk of colorectal cancer in populations with higher CRC risk.

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Effect of Striga gesnerioides on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) Yield Components

10.21203/rs.2.11106/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria Larweh ◽

Richard Akromah ◽

Stephen Amoah ◽

James Yaw Asibuo ◽

Francis Kusi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Striga Gesnerioides ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Fodder Yield

Abstract Background: The parasitic plant Striga gesnerioides (Willd) Vatke is becoming a threat to cowpea production in the three northern regions of Ghana (Derived Savanna, Southern Guinea Savanna and Northern Guinea Savanna. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of yield loss due to Striga in F3 progenies and their parental lines. A total of twelve cowpea genotypes were evaluated to ascertain the level of damage by S. gesnerioides. Results: The results indicated varietal differences with respect to Striga susceptibility in the genotypes studied. The susceptible varieties (Asomdwee and Hewale) showed an array of emerged Striga shoots. The F3 progenies (s52, s37, s147, s272) also exhibited the same trend. The resistance genotypes (IT99K-573-1-1 and GH3684), however, were totally devoid of Striga shoots. Similarly, some of the F3 progenies (r246, r286, r282 and r69) were completely without Striga shoot. Striga height was higher on susceptible genotypes than those that are moderately resistance. The results obtained from this study revealed a percentage reduction in pods per plant range between 45.12 and 49.53 %; grain yield reduction ranged between 78.22 and 87.17% on susceptible genotypes which indicated that Striga had greater influence on yield. Fodder yield was also significantly reduced between 70.59 and 73.03% in susceptible genotypes. There was a strong negative correlation (r = -0.724) between grain yield and days to Striga emergence. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.762) was also found between Striga shoot per plant and grain yield. Conclusion: Striga infestation reduced pods per plant to 49%, grain yield loss to 87% and fodder yield loss to 73%. This study has revealed potential F3 genotypes resistant to S. gesnerioides under pot experiment. The implication is that if susceptible genotypes are grown the farmer stand the chance of loosen everything to the parasite.

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Thrombin generation in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1617119 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (S 01) ◽

pp. S61-S66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Cvirn ◽

A. Rosenkranz ◽

B. Leschnik ◽

W. Raith ◽

W. Muntean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Thrombin Generation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Peak Height ◽

Global Test ◽

Paediatric Patients ◽

Age Range

SummaryThrombin generation was studied in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) in terms of the lag time until the onset of thrombin formation, time to thrombin peak maximum (TTP), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and thrombin peak height. The suitability to determine the coagulation status of these patients was investigated. Patients, material, methods: CAT data of 40 patients with CHD (age range from newborn to 18 years) were compared to data using standard coagulation parameters such as prothrombin (FII), antithrombin (AT), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F 1.2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT). Results: A significant positive correlation was seen between ETP and FII (p < 0.01; r = 0.369), as well as between peak height and F II (p < 0.01; r = 0.483). A significant negative correlation was seen between ETP and TFPI values (p < 0.05; r = –0.225) while no significant correlation was seen between peak height and TFPI. A significant negative correlation was seen between F 1.2 generation and ETP (p < 0.05; r = –0.254) and between F 1.2 generation and peak height (p < 0.05; r = –0.236). No correlation was seen between AT and ETP or peak. Conclusions: CAT is a good global test reflecting procoagulatory and inhibitory factors of the haemostatic system in paediatric patients with CHD.

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Radiolabeled r-Hirudin as a Measure of Thrombin Activity at, or within, the Rabbit Aorta Wall In Vitro and In Vivo

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1642467 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 71 (04) ◽

pp. 499-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mark W C Hatton ◽

Bonnie Ross-Ouellet

Keyword(s):

Rabbit Aorta ◽

Balloon Injury ◽

Recombinant Hirudin ◽

Aorta Wall ◽

Thrombin Activity ◽

Before And After ◽

The Matrix

SummaryThe behavior of 125I-labeled recombinant hirudin towards the uninjured and de-endothelialized rabbit aorta wall has been studied in vitro and in vivo to determine its usefulness as an indicator of thrombin activity associated with the aorta wall. Thrombin adsorbed to either sulfopropyl-Sephadex or heparin-Sepharose bound >95% of 125I-r-hirudin and the complex remained bound to the matrix. Binding of 125I-r-hirudin to the exposed aorta subendothelium (intima-media) in vitro was increased substantially if the tissue was pre-treated with thrombin; the quantity of l25I-r-hirudin bound to the de-endothelialized intima-media (i.e. balloon-injured in vitro) correlated positively with the quantity of bound 131I-thrombin (p <0.01). Aortas balloon-injured in vivo were measured for thrombin release from, and binding of 125I-r-hirudin to, the de-endothelialized intimal surface in vitro; 125I-r-hirudin binding correlated with the amount of active thrombin released (p <0.001). Uptake of 125I-r-hirudin by the aorta wall in vivo was proportional to the uptake of 131I-fibrinogen (as an indicator of thrombin activity) before and after balloon injury. After 30 min in the circulation, specific 125I-r-hirudin binding to the uninjured and de-endo- thelialized (at 1.5 h after injury) aorta wall was equivalent to 3.4 (± 2.5) and 25.6 (±18.1) fmol of thrombin/cm2 of intima-media, respectively. Possibly, only hirudin-accessible, glycosaminoglycan-bound thrombin is measured in this way.

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Plasma Contact Activation and Decrease of Factor V Activity on Negatively-Charged Polyelectrolytes

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661020 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (01) ◽

pp. 061-064 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M C Boffa ◽

B Dreyer ◽

C Pusineri

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Factor Xii ◽

Factor V ◽

Contact Activation ◽

Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽

Plasma Factor ◽

Fresh Plasma ◽

Direct Adsorption

SummaryThe effect of negatively-charged polymers, used in some artificial devices, on plasma clotting and kinin systems was studied in vitro using polyelectrolyte complexes.Contact activation was observed as an immediate, transient and surface-dependent phenomenon. After incubation of the plasma with the polymer a small decrease of factor XII activity was noticed, which corresponded to a greater reduction of prekallikrein activity and to a marked kinin release. No significant decrease of factor XII, prekallikrein, HMW kininogen could be detected immunologically. Only the initial contact of the plasma with the polyelectrolyte lead to activation, subsequently the surface became inert.Beside contact activation, factor V activity also decreased in the plasma. The decrease was surface and time-dependent. It was independent of contact factor activation, and appeared to be related to the sulfonated groups of the polymer. If purified factor V was used instead of plasma factor V, inactivation was immediate and not time-dependent suggesting a direct adsorption on the surface. A second incubation of the plasma-contacted polymer with fresh plasma resulted in a further loss of Factor V activity.

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