Fibrinolysis and Alimentary Lipaemia in Whites and Bantus; Their Relationship and Response to Intravenous Heparin

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lackner ◽  
R Sougin-Mibashan
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Intravenous Heparin ◽  
The Difference

Summary and Conclusion1. Diurnal variation in fibrinolysis is marked in the Whites and almost absent in the Bantu. >2. The difference in fibrinolytic activity beween White and Bantu has been confirmed, but was found to decrease over the course of the morning due to diurnal variation in the White subjects.3. The ingestion of butter fat does not inhibit fibrinolysis to any appreciable extent in either White or Bantu.4. The accelerating effect of heparin on fibrinolysis was found to be present in lipaemic plasma, but appears to be distinct from the fat-clearing effect.

Peritoneal Fluid and Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Dörr ◽  
E J P Brommer ◽  
G Dooijewaard ◽  
H M Vemer
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that the fibrinolytic activity of peritoneum is depressed in local inflammation. We measured fibrinolytic parameters in peritoneal fluid and in plasma of 10 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Nine women, in whom laparoscopy for sterilisation was performed, served as a control group.In the peritoneal fluid of women with PID, PAI-Ag, t-PA-Ag and u-PA-Ag were many times higher than in the control group. In contrast to the antigens which may be present in inert complexes, the potentially active compounds, measured as t-PA activity and plasmin-activable scu-PA, were not significantly different in the two groups, and in none of the samples was the active enzyme tcu-PA detectable. Nevertheless, the mean peritoneal fluid TDP and FbDP concentrations were about twenty times higher in the PID group than in the control group. In plasma of PID patients, none of the parameters except u-PA-Ag differed from those in the control group. The difference between control and patient plasma u-PA-Ag was statistically significant, but too small to attach any relevance to the observation.Our data suggest that, in contrast to the classical concept of decreased fibrinolytic activity as a cause of adhesion formation, intraperitoneal fibrinolysis is enhanced in peritoneal inflammation through stimulation of the local production of t-PA and u-PA. Despite concomitant production of PAI, fibrinolysis occurs at a high rate, resulting in high levels of fibrin degradation products. Since this activated fibrinolysis does not meet the demand, therapeutic enhancement should be considered to prevent adhesions.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RELEASES TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR FROM EXERCISING PARTS OF BODY

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Keber ◽  
K Potisk ◽  
D Keber ◽  
M Stegnar ◽  
N Vene
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Euglobulin Clot Lysis Time ◽  
The Difference

To determine the origin of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release during physical activity, we studied the separate and combined effects of venous occlusion and acute physical activity on t-PA release in arm and leg. In 15 healthy volunteers 20 min venous occlusions of arm and leg were performed simultaneously before physical activity ( maximal stress testing on treadmill)(occlusion I), immediately after physical activity and 45 min later (occlusion II). Blood samples were drawn from unoccluded arm before occlusion and after physical activity, and from occluded arm and leg after occlusion. Fibrinolytic activity was measured by euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and t-PA activity assay. The amount of released t-PA during different stimuli (fibrinolytic potential) was calculated as the difference between post- and prestimulation fibrinolytic activity. Before physical activity there was a great increase in fibrinolytic activity due to t-PA in the occluded arm but no increase in the occluded leg. Physical activity itself caused a similar increase of systemic fibrinolytic activity as arm occlusion locally. After physical activity arm occlusion evoked equally good response than before it. Fibrinolytic activity during leg occlusion behaved differently: there was an increase in t-PA activity in the occluded leg which persisted one hour after physical activity, when systemic fibrinolytic activity already fell to initial level.These results demonstrated that walking and running triggered t-PA release from the leg vessels. Since leg occlusion was not a stimulus for t-PA release, it served only as a method to demonstrate the effect of physical activity.

Geomagnetic observations at Halley Bay

1960 ◽  
Vol 256 (1285) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Line Current ◽  
The Difference ◽  
June July ◽  
Geomagnetic Observations

(1) The annual variation of geomagnetic activity is described on the basis of monthly mean K -indices for three selections of days according to activity. (2) The difference between the diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity, as defined by K -indices, in June and December is shown to be due to a universal effect accounted for by the annual change in the diurnal variation of the angle between the earth’s geomagnetic axis and the line joining the sun and earth. (3) The observed field changes in winter (May, June, July) are interpreted as being due to a disturbing line current in the ionosphere; the diurnal variation and movement of this current are described.

scholarly journals Diurnal variation in aviation significant gravity-dependent and gravity-independent anthropometric parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Pooja Kumari ◽  
V Raghunandan ◽  
P Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Erect Posture ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Independent Parameters

Introduction: Anthropometric parameters need to be accurately measured because of their direct implications in selection of aircrew, aircrew-cockpit compatibility, and cockpit workspace design. Some of these parameters have significant diurnal variation, hence, measurement of these parameters in particular time of day becomes important. Quantification of these diurnal variations among some of the aviation significant parameters was the desired objective of the study. Material and Methods: In a prospective repeated measure design, anthropometric parameters of a total of 35 volunteers were measured in the standard defined protocol from 0800h to 1600h, at an interval of every 2h, using Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) Anthropometry Platform. The data were analyzed to observe and quantify changes in diurnal variations in both gravity-dependent and gravity-independent parameters. A maximum value of 0.4 cm was taken as intraobserver variations based on the results of a pilot study. Results: There was a statistically significant decrement in the values of gravity-dependent anthropometric parameters from morning to evening; the difference being more after 1200h. Most of the gravity-independent parameters did not show any significant changes from 0800h to 1600h, except leg length, which showed a decrement overtime, the difference being statistically significant after 1200h. Conclusion: The study revealed a statistically significant variation of gravity-dependent anthropometric parameters from the baseline which could be because of the effect of erect posture on the intervertebral disc height and axial compressive loads on the spine. This became practically significant after 1200h. However, most of the gravity-independent parameters did not show any significant variations. Based on the results of this study, anthropometric measurements should be done in the morning hours preferably before 1200h.

Sustained Fibrinolysis After Administration of t-PA Despite Its Short Half-Life in the Circulation

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R Eisenberg ◽  
Laurence A Sherman ◽  
Alan J Tiefenbrunn ◽  
Philip A Ludbrook ◽  
Burton E Sobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Short Half Life ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
The Difference

SummaryTo characterize the duration of the fibrinolytic response to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and streptokinase (SK) in patients with acute myocardial infarction we serially assayed crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XL-FDP) and Bβ15-42 fibrinopeptide. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies permitted quantification and differentiation of fibrin from fibrinogen degradation products. Marked elevations of XL-FDP occurred within 1 hour after administration of t-PA (n = 13) or SK (n = 35) to >1000 ng/ml in 79% of the patients. All patients given t-PA exhibited elevations of XL-FDP >1000 ng/ml, most exhibited values >5000 ng/ml (79% of patients). In contrast 6 of the patients given SK failed to exhibit XL-FDP >1000 ng/ml. XL-FDP >5000 ng/ml occurred in only 14%. The difference in the response to t-PA compared to SK was particularly striking 7 hours or more after administration of activator at which time XL-FDP were markedly elevated in patients given t-PA (5821 ± 1683 ng/ ml) compared with decreasing values in patients given SK (2924 ± 1186 ng/ml) (p <0.01). Levels of Bβ315-42 were significantly higher after t-PA compared with SK beginning 3 hours after treatment, consistent with a greater intensity of fibrinolytic response to t-PA. Marked elevations of this short lived degradation product of fibrin (t1/2 = 10-20 minutes) in the samples drawn late after administration of t-PA (44.3 ±12.8 nM) but not after SK (11.7 ± 4.5 nM) confirmed prolonged fibrinolytic activity of plasmin after t-PA. There was no discernible relationship between the extent of fibrinolysis as assessed by XL-FDP and Bβ 15-42 and the total dose of t-PA administered or the duration of the infusion. Elevations of XL-FDP invariably occurred after SK, and were not significantly different in patients with or without recanalization. Thus “clinical success” of coronary thrombolysis appears to depend on a favorable balance between thrombosis and fibrinolysis rather than the intensity of fibrinolysis alone. The prolonged fibrinolytic activity after t-PA appears to reflect the enhanced binding of this activator to fibrin and is likely to result in more sustained and hence more effective fibrinolysis with t-PA compared to SK despite the short half-life of t-PA (t1/2 = 6 minutes) in the circulation.

Determination of Fibrinogen and Fibrinogenolytic Activity

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
Bertil Olow
Keyword(s):  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment

SummaryA method for determining plasma fibrinogen and fibrinogenolytic activity, with epsilonaminocaproic acid (ε-ACA) as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, in patients with high fibrinolytic activity, is described in detail.The fibrinogen was determined by a modification of Morrison’s syneresis method in parallel in 1. citrated plasma that was incubated for 2 hours at 37° C, after which further digestion was prevented by addition of ε-ACA and is referred to as fibrinogen A, and 2. in citrated plasma prepared from blood collected in tubes containing ε-ACA to prevent activation of plasminogen and is referred to as fibrinogen B. The difference between fibrinogen B and fibrinogen A gives the amount of lysed fibrinogen in 2 hours at 37° C. Fibrinogen B gives the fibrinogen concentration at the moment of sampling.The method is recommended to be used for evaluation of the true plasma fibrinogen level and the degree of fibrinogenolytic activity. This is particularly important during thrombolytic therapy.

scholarly journals Very late bioprosthetic aortic valve thrombosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e228871
Author(s):  
Kuhendra Balakrishnan ◽  
Brian Herman ◽  
George Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Valve Dysfunction ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction ◽  
Intravenous Heparin ◽  
Valve Thrombosis ◽  
The Difference

A 79-year-old man with a history of bioprosthetic aortic valve (AV) replacement in 2008 and atrial fibrillation was admitted with acute pulmonary oedema. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiograms revealed significantly elevated AV gradients and thickened AV leaflets. These findings were suggestive of bioprosthetic valve thrombosis (BVT). The patient was treated with intravenous heparin and commenced on vitamin K antagonist. BVT remains an under recognised cause of late prosthetic valve dysfunction. A lack of awareness of BVT occurring beyond 3 months post-implantation is likely to account for this. Furthermore, structural valve degeneration is the most common mechanism of late prosthetic valve dysfunction. Recognising the difference between the two aetiologies is crucial as the management plan differs significantly. Here, we report a case of very late bioprosthetic AV thrombosis diagnosed 8 years after implantation. This was successfully treated with systemic anticoagulation, thereby avoiding the need for redo cardiac surgery.

Diurnal Variation of the Fibrinolytic System

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (03) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Grimaudo ◽  
J Hauert ◽  
F Bachmahh ◽  
E K O Kruithof
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Euglobulin Clot Lysis Time ◽  
Pai 1

AbstractTo elucidate which component(s) of thei fibrinolytic system is (are) responsible for the diurnal variation of fibrinolytic activity we have studied several parameters of this system in 8 healthy male volunteers during a period of. 24 h. Blood was collected at 8 a. m., 10 a. m., 12 a. m., 4 p.m., 8 p.m. and 8 a. m. next morning. The following tests were performed: euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT), fibrinolytic activity of euglobulins on fibrin plates in the presence and absence of blocking antibodies to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and/or urokinase (u-PA), overall plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, antigen levels of t-PA, u-PA and PAI-I and zymography of the euglobulin fraction after SDS-PAGE. From 8-10 a. m. to 4-8 p. m., total fibrinolytic activity increased by 1l3% (p <0.01) or 71%h (p <0.01) when measured by ECIX or by fibrin plate assay, respectively. The immunoquenching experiments showed that this increase was entirely due to t-PA related activity whereas u-PA activity and t-PA/u-PA independent activity remained constant during the day. Average antigen levels of u-PA and t-PA in the afternoon were 6% and 25% lower than those measured in the morning. During this period, overall PAI activity and PAI-1 antigen decreased by 3l% (p <0.01) and 52% (p <0.01) respectively. Electrophoretic-zymographic analysis of_ the euglobulins revealed that throughout the day the majority of t-PA was present in the form of the 110 kDa t-PA/PAI-I complex. The intensity of this cornplex was lowest in the afternoon. Free t-PA was almost undetectable in morning samples, but constituted a significant proportion of total t-PA in the afternoon. The diurnal increase of fibrinolytic activity, therefore, is not due to an augmentation of antigen levels of t-PA and/or u-PA but to a decline of those of PAI-1.

Increased Euglobulin Fibrinolytic Potential in Women on Oral Contraceptives Low in Oestrogen – Levels of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Plasminogen Activators, Prekallikrein, Factor XII, and C1-Inactivator

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Jespersen ◽  
Cornelis Kluft
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Fibrinolytic Potential ◽  
Increased Activity

SummaryComponents of the fibrinolytic system were studied in samples of plasma from 15 normal, young women and from 11 women taking oral contraceptives containing 30 μg ethinyl oestradiol and 150 μg levo-norgestrel. Fibrinolytic activity of euglobulins precipitated at pH 5.9 was higher than normal in the hormone group, with significant fluctuations related to the cycle. Normal women showed only minor fluctuations. The concentration of C1-inactivator was lower in euglobulins of the hormone group. However, the difference in fibrinolytic activity was retained, when C1-inactivator was inactivated with sodium flufenamate. Fluctuations of the extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity parallelled those of the euglobulin activity.The intrinsic plasminogen activator activity (dextran sulphate precipitated euglobulin) was significantly increased in the hormone group and the cyclic pattern differed from that of the normal group. The increased activity was factor XII-dependent. Plasma prekallikrein did not differ. The factor XII level was increased in the hormone group but this could not explain the increased intrinsic fibrinolytic activity, suggesting an increase in the quantity of an additional factor XII-dependent proactivator.

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